scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KUNYIT DAN BETAIN DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP VILI ILEUM, KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN IMBANGAN EFISIENSI PROTEIN BABI PERIODE FINISHER (Effect of Dietary Turmeric Powder and Betaine Addition on Ileum Villi, Protein Digestion and Protein Efficiency Ratio of Finisher Pig)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Elnisi Br Mahulae ◽  
Sauland Sinaga ◽  
Denny Rusmana
Keyword(s):  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Betaine and turmeric powder have the benefit of increasing digestibility and metabolism which affects the productivity of pig finisher period. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and best dosage of betaine addition combined with turmeric powder in feed on ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio of finisher period pig. The research was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design with 4 type of combination treatments of betain and turmeric powder in ration as follow: R0 = Basal feed, R1 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.1% betaine, R2 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.15% betaine, R3 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.2% betaine. Each treatment was repeated five times. The variables observed were ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the research showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the number of ileum villi, protein digestion, protein efficiency ratio, and. The addition of 0.15% betaine combined with 0.4% turmeric powder (R2) in feed showed the best effect on the ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio of pig finisher period

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Penyajian Ransum Yang Berbeda Terhadap Rasio Efisiensi Protein, Massa Protein Daging Dan Massa Kalsium Daging Ayam Kampung Super

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
B. Wijayanto, ◽  
U. Atmomarsono
Keyword(s):  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Meat Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Average Body

The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of different fedding frequencies to the quality of growth is protein efficiency ratio, meat protein mass and meat calcium mass of crossbred native chicken (male native chicken x female laying hen). The material used was 120 unsexed birds with average body weight 97,49 ± 5,40 g (CV = 12,4%), were kept until 7 weeks. The experiment was designed as completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. There were 6 birds each per experiment. Treatments applied were T1 (feeding a time a day, at 06.00 am), T2 feeding two times a day, at 06.00 am and 06.00 pm), T3 (feeding three times a day, at 06.00 am, 12.00 am and 06.00 pm), T4 (feeding four times a day, at 06.00 am, 12.00 am, 06.00 pm and 12.00 pm). Parameters measured were protein efficiency ratio, meat protein mass and meat calcium mass. Data were analyzed according to analysis of variance (ANOVA) determine the effect of treatment. Different feeding frequencies were not significant (P>0,05) on protein efficiency ratio, meat rotein mass and meat calcium mass. Conclusion of this research explain different feeding frequencies against crossbred native chicken, didn’t change the rate of protein efficiency ratio, meat protein mass and meat calcium mass.

scholarly journals Effect of feed particle size on the performance of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)keets

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Sogunle ◽  
A. Q. Owolabi ◽  
N. A. Olaniyi ◽  
A. O. Fanimo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A total of one hundred and fifty, a day-old keets were used in an experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized design (CRD) with the aim of determining the effect of feed particle size on the performance of the keets. The keets were randomly divided into three treatment groups viz; 1, 2 and 3mm particle sizes having 45 keets each. These were further subdivided into three replications of 15 keets per replicate. The keets were reared for 56 days post 21days of brooding. They were fed and watered ad libitum. Data collected were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance. The proximate composition of the feed particle sizes were statistically similar (P>0.05) in contents. The results obtained revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in all the parameters considered with the exception of the initial weight. The keets on 2mm feed particle size had the highest final weight of 1529.73 ± 8.74g/bird; the highest weight gain of 26.85 ± 0.16g/bird/day; the highest feed intake of 44.50 ± 0.54g/bird/day; the best feed: gain of 1.66 ± 0.03 and the best protein efficiency ratio of 3.10 ± 0.05. The highest mortality of 33.33 ± 0.00% (n = 15) was recorded in keets fed 3mm feed particle size. The results showed that birds fed 2mm feed particle size depicted potential for efficient utilization of feed which is related to the fine texture of the feed. Hence, it could be concluded that keets up to 11 weeks of age can be managed effectively on feed particle size 2mm.

scholarly journals Engineering of Papaya Simplicia Nanoparticles for Grouper Fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Rita Rostika ◽  
Camelia Panatarani ◽  
I Made Joni ◽  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Lantun P. Dewanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract: Fish growth descriptions constitute the parameters which are influenced by internal and external condition. The external factors include water quality, feed quality and feed quantity. Feed quality including the simpicia papaya particle size which contains protease enzyme and saponin as additional ingredients for grouper feed. Currently, grouper’s growth is relatively low, when in fact the protein content of its feed is high. This research aims at obtaining data on charachter particle of papaya simplicia powder and the grouper’s absolute weight and grouper’s protein efficiency ratio which is fed with simplicia papaya powder. The research is conducted using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions (A: 60 μm simplicia papaya 3.5% application, B: 100 nm simplicia papaya 3.5% application, C: 60 μm simplicia papaya 2% application, D: 100 nm simplicia papaya 2% application, and E: 0% without simplicia papaya). Simplicia papaya powder was made from dried papaya, then mashed using disc mill and filtered with sieves measuring 60 μm and 100nm and the grouper cultivation is done in a Floating Net Cage in Pangandaran Regency. The addition of papaya simplicia at A and B to the grouper’s feed has some highest average daily gain by 3.70 % and 3.73 %. The characteristics of simplisia papaya powder size 60 μm and 100 nm do not have a different effect on the growth performance of grouper seeds.

scholarly journals Development of Liquid Enhancer for Germination of Drought-stressed Oryza sativa subsp. indica Seed cv. MR284

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mahadi ◽  
F. Zawawi ◽  
R. Nulit ◽  
M. H. Ibrahim ◽  
N. I. Ab. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Selection Of

Aim: This study was conducted to develop liquid enhancer containing KCl, TU, GA, and SA for germination of drought-stressed Oryza sativa subsp. indica cv. MR284 seed. Study Design: All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Two steps were involved in the development process which are to select an ideal concentration for each KCl, TU, GA, and SA, and to find an ideal combination of chemicals from the selection of ideal concentrations acquired in step 1 to form liquid enhancer. There were 20 treatments for step 1 and 9 treatments for step 2. All of these treatments with 6 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, between June 2018 and December 2018. Methodology: The sterilized rice seed cv. MR284 was stressed in the -1.2 Mpa PEG 6000 solution for three days and germinated in the KCl, TU, GA, and SA solution in a series of concentration for 10 days, in a controlled room. Seed germination was observed daily. Results: In the first step, drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the 30 mM of KCl, 2.0 mM of TU, 0.24 mM GA, and 0.5 mM SA. Meanwhile, in the second step, the drought-stressed rice seed showed the best germination performance in the combination of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.24 mM GA + 0.5 mM SA. The best germination performance was evaluated by the highest germination percentage (%), germination index, seed vigor, leaf length, root length and biomass. Conclusion: Therefore, the combination treatments of 30 mM KCl + 2.0 mM TU + 0.5 mM SA was found to be the most effective and simplest liquid enhancer formula that has an ability to enhance seed germination of drought-stressed rice cv. MR284 seed.

scholarly journals Engineering of Papaya Simplicia Powder in different size for Grouper Fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Rita Rostika ◽  
◽  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Lantun P. Dewanti ◽  
M. Rudyansyah Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Fish growth descriptions constitute the parameters which are influenced by internal and external condition. The external factors include water quality, feed quality and feed quantity. Feed quality including the simpicia papaya particle size which contains protease enzyme and saponin as additional ingredients for grouper feed. Currently, grouper’s growth is relatively low, when in fact the protein content of its feed is high. This research aims at obtaining data on charachter particle of papaya simplicia powder and the grouper’s absolute weight and grouper’s protein efficiency ratio which is fed with simplicia papaya powder. The research is conducted using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions (A: 60 μm simplicia papaya 3.5% application, B: 100 nm simplicia papaya 3.5% application, C: 60 μm simplicia papaya 2% application, D: 100 nm simplicia papaya 2% application, and E: 0% without simplicia papaya). Simplicia papaya powder was made from dried papaya, then mashed using disc mill and filtered with sieves measuring 60 μm and 100nm and the grouper cultivation is done in a Floating Net Cage in Pangandaran Regency. The addition of papaya simplicia at A and B to the grouper’s feed has some highest average daily gain by 3.70 % and 3.73 %. The characteristics of simplisia papaya powder size 60 μm and 100 nm do not have a different effect on the growth performance of grouper seeds.

scholarly journals Effectivity of Probiotic Bacteria in Feed on Growth and Survival Rate of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Nurbety Tarigan ◽  
Firat Meiyasa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the commercial bacterial probiotic addition in feed on growth and survival rate of common carp. This research was conducted from July to September 2018. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The initial body length of juveniles was 5-6 cm with density 1 juvenile/litersfor 42 days. In this research, we used different dosages of commercial probiotics 0, 5, 10 and 15 ml/kg. The results showed that the administration of those probiotics in the feed had a significant effect on the relative growth rate, survival rate, efficiency of feed utilization, and protein efficiency ratio on carp juvenile. Administration of probiotics at 15 ml/kg is the best treatment for a relative growth rate 2.96%, survival rate 100%, efficiency of food utilization 72.07%, and protein efficiency ratio 12.19%. In conclusions, probiotics mixed in feed are able to increase the digestibility of feed so that it supports the growth and survival rate of common carp.

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Leucaena leucocephala Leaf Meal on the Growth Performance of Tilapia zilli Fingerlings

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Olusola A. Babalola ◽  
Folajuwon A. Fakunmoju
Keyword(s):  
Control Experiment ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Aims: A study was carried out to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal with Leucaena leucoephala leaf meal in the diet of Tilapia zilli fingerlings. Study Design: Three hundred (300) Tilapia zilli fingerlings (9.5±0.5 g/fish, mixed sex) fed with diet containing Leucaena leucoephala leaf meal for 10 weeks at 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% level of inclusion, representing the replacement of fish meal at 0%, 25% 75% and 100% respectively. Place and Duration of Study:  A study was carried out in the wet laboratory of Fisheries Technology department of Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu between July 2017 and October 2017. Methodology: Tilapia sp. fingerlings were treated with five diets including a control experiment of which each treatment was replicated thrice, the total number of replicates was fifteen and the experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that there was no significant difference (P=05) in weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Conclusion: L. leucocephala can be recommended in the diet of Tilapia zilli because of its economic in terms of cheapness and abundance especially in the tropical region and its nutritional values as a good source of plant protein.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Substitusi Bungkil Kedelai dengan Bungkil Wijen Lokal Terhadap Efisiensi Protein dan Performan Ayam Broiler

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Sesame Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

<div class="Section1"><p><em>The obyective of this experiment was to study the effect of substitution of soybean meal with local sesame meal on performance and protein effisiency ratio of broiler chicken. One hundred of broiler chickens strain Lohman were allocated in Completely Randomized Design with five replication and four chicken of each. The treatments were  P0 :  100% BK+ 0% BWL ;  P1 :  90% BK+ 10% BWL ;  P2 ; 80% BK+ 20% BWL;   P3  :  70% BK+ 30 BWL and  P4 :  60% BK+ 40% BWL. Variable measured were feed consumption,average daily gain, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). </em></p><p><em>The result of this research indicated  that treatments were not significant effect to the all variables. Average feed consumption (g/head/d)  of: (92,76; 90,13; 90,87; 87,10 dan</em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em><p><em>89,31) ; average daily gain (g/head/d) of : (47,16; 45,99; 47,03; 45,46 dan 45,76);  average of feed conversion of : ( 1,95;  1,97; 1,93;  1,96 dan  1,95) and protein efficiency ratio  of : (2,31;  2,27;  2,25;  2,31; dan 2,28)  for P0,  P1,  P2, P3 and P4, respectively. It was concluded that 40% of soybean meal could  be substituted with local sesame meal in diet of broiler  that reared up to 42 days of age.</em></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words:   soybean meal, local  sesame meal, performance, efficiency protein, broiler</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Effect of organic acid treated drinking water on growth of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
E. D. Assam ◽  
E. M. Assam ◽  
K. U. Amaefule
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of treating drinking water with different organic acids on growth performance of broiler chickens. The organic acids were acetic, butyric, citric and formic acids. One hundred and fifty (150) day old Abor Acre chicks were used. The experiment was divided into five treatments with treatment 1 serving as the control, while treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The experiment was arranged as completely randomized design (CRD). Results shows that except for BA organic acids significantly (P<0.05) improved final weight, daily weight gain, and protein efficiency ratio with AA having the highest (P<0.05) value at the starter phase. Also at the starter phase, daily water intake was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by BA, CA and FA. At the finisher phase, final body weight and daily gain were improved (P<0.05) by all the organic acids except BA. Final weight was better in AA compared to BA. There was no difference (P>0.05) in final weight between BA, Ca and FA. Daily feed and protein intakes were not affected (P>0.05). All the organic acids significantly (P<0.05) produced better feed: gain ratio. Only AA gave better protein efficiency ratio compared to the control. While AA, CA and FA encouraged water consumption, it was reduced (P<0.05) by BA. It is concluded that AA, CA and FA could be added in the drinking water for broilers for improved performance.

scholarly journals Optimal Dietary Protein Requirement for Juvenile Sesarmid Crab (Episesarma singaporense)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Chanyut Sudtongkong ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Suktianchai Saekhow
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Protein Diets

The optimal dietary protein requirement for sesarmid crabs (Episesarma singaporense) was investigated. Juvenile E. singaporense, individually reared in plastic glasses containing 250 mL sea water, were fed five fish meal-soybean meal-microbound diets variously containing dietary protein levels of 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% for six weeks. A completely randomized design was used in the experiment, comprising five treatments with 60 crabs in each. At the end of the experiment, a significant improvement in survival was observed in all treatments relative to the diet containing 30% dietary protein (p < 0.05) while the growth performance parameters did not differ across the five dietary groups. A significantly higher protein efficiency ratio was observed in the E. singaporense crabs receiving 45% dietary protein relative to the remaining treatments. The specific activities of the digestive enzymes, pepsin-like, trypsin, amylase, and lipase, and the amylase to trypsin ratio fluctuated across the five treatments, but that of chymotrypsin remained consistent, suggesting different nutritional responses to the various dietary protein levels. The crabs receiving the 45% protein diet had significantly higher in essential amino acid (EAA) profiles followed by the 40% protein diet, although some EAA values were only moderate. The pattern for the non-EAA (NEAA) was reversed, and the ΣEAA/ΣNEAA ratio was higher in the crabs receiving the 45% protein diets relative to the other treatments. Based on our investigations, the optimal dietary protein requirement achieving desirable characteristics of juvenile E. singaporense crabs was 45%. This finding would be a useful guideline in preparing artificial diets for the mariculture of this species.

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