scholarly journals Effect of feed particle size on the performance of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)keets

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Sogunle ◽  
A. Q. Owolabi ◽  
N. A. Olaniyi ◽  
A. O. Fanimo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A total of one hundred and fifty, a day-old keets were used in an experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized design (CRD) with the aim of determining the effect of feed particle size on the performance of the keets. The keets were randomly divided into three treatment groups viz; 1, 2 and 3mm particle sizes having 45 keets each. These were further subdivided into three replications of 15 keets per replicate. The keets were reared for 56 days post 21days of brooding. They were fed and watered ad libitum. Data collected were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance. The proximate composition of the feed particle sizes were statistically similar (P>0.05) in contents. The results obtained revealed significant (P<0.05) differences in all the parameters considered with the exception of the initial weight. The keets on 2mm feed particle size had the highest final weight of 1529.73 ± 8.74g/bird; the highest weight gain of 26.85 ± 0.16g/bird/day; the highest feed intake of 44.50 ± 0.54g/bird/day; the best feed: gain of 1.66 ± 0.03 and the best protein efficiency ratio of 3.10 ± 0.05. The highest mortality of 33.33 ± 0.00% (n = 15) was recorded in keets fed 3mm feed particle size. The results showed that birds fed 2mm feed particle size depicted potential for efficient utilization of feed which is related to the fine texture of the feed. Hence, it could be concluded that keets up to 11 weeks of age can be managed effectively on feed particle size 2mm.

scholarly journals Effect of the levels of calcium and particle size of limestone on laying hens

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Anchieta de Araujo ◽  
José Humberto Vilar da Silva ◽  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaína Maria Batista de Sousa ◽  
Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mass Conversion ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Thickness Shell ◽  
Haugh Unit

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of levels of calcium (Ca) and particle size of limestone (LS) for laying hens. It was used 216 Dekalb White laying hens at 25 to 49 weeks of age in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, composed of three levels of calcium (3.92, 4.02 and 4.12%) and two particle sizes of limestone (thin - 0.60 mm; and thick - 1.00 mm), resulting in 6 treatments with six replicates of six birds. There was no significant effect of levels of calcium and limestone particle size neither of the interaction calcium × particle size for feed intake, egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, shell percentage, Haugh unit, calcium and phosphorus digestibility and percentage of digestive tract. Production, mass, conversion by mass and conversion by egg dozen had their best results with 4.12% of calcium in the diet. Percentage of gizzard and feed intake observed at 3:00 p.m. improved as limestone granulometry improved from 0.60 to 1.00 mm. There was an interaction effect among calcium level and limestone granulometry for breaking strength of tibia, bone density, length of the small intestine and feed intake at 6:00 a.m.; 9:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., respectively. It is recommended the addition of 4.12% of calcium and limestone in the thick granulometry (1.00 mm) for a better performance of commercial laying hens. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the alteration of nutritional behavior of laying hens in response to changes in the levels of calcium and in the granulometry of limestone in the rations.

scholarly journals Biochar as an alternative substrate for the production of sugarcane seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 826-832
Author(s):  
Mauro F. C. Mota ◽  
Eulina F. Damião ◽  
Matheus R. Torres ◽  
Rodinei F. Pegoraro ◽  
Leidivan A. Frazão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Alternative Substrate ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Important Form

ABSTRACT Biochar, which has emerged as an important form of the transformation and final disposal of biomass, can be used directly in soil or in seedling nurseries. In this study, the use of biochar of different particle sizes and percentages was evaluated in replacement to a conventional substrate used in the production of sugarcane seedlings. To this end, an experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design, with a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting of five different percentages of biochar (with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v substitution of the conventional substrate) and four particle sizes (<1, 2, 4, and 9 mm), with nine repetitions. As seedling growth variables, the average sprouting time, sprouting speed index, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and width + 2, as well as the dry mass of the aerial parts and roots were evaluated. Irrespective of the percentage of commercial substrate replaced with biochar, sprouting time was found to be shorter when 6-mm-diameter biochar particles were used. With respect to the sprouting speed index, it was found that regardless of particle size, the highest value occurred when biochar was used to replace 42% of the commercial substrate. The substitution of the commercial substrate with biochar had the effect of reducing the growth of sugarcane seedlings.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Frekuensi Penyajian Ransum Yang Berbeda Terhadap Rasio Efisiensi Protein, Massa Protein Daging Dan Massa Kalsium Daging Ayam Kampung Super

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
B. Wijayanto, ◽  
U. Atmomarsono
Keyword(s):  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Meat Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Average Body

The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of different fedding frequencies to the quality of growth is protein efficiency ratio, meat protein mass and meat calcium mass of crossbred native chicken (male native chicken x female laying hen). The material used was 120 unsexed birds with average body weight 97,49 ± 5,40 g (CV = 12,4%), were kept until 7 weeks. The experiment was designed as completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. There were 6 birds each per experiment. Treatments applied were T1 (feeding a time a day, at 06.00 am), T2 feeding two times a day, at 06.00 am and 06.00 pm), T3 (feeding three times a day, at 06.00 am, 12.00 am and 06.00 pm), T4 (feeding four times a day, at 06.00 am, 12.00 am, 06.00 pm and 12.00 pm). Parameters measured were protein efficiency ratio, meat protein mass and meat calcium mass. Data were analyzed according to analysis of variance (ANOVA) determine the effect of treatment. Different feeding frequencies were not significant (P>0,05) on protein efficiency ratio, meat rotein mass and meat calcium mass. Conclusion of this research explain different feeding frequencies against crossbred native chicken, didn’t change the rate of protein efficiency ratio, meat protein mass and meat calcium mass.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KUNYIT DAN BETAIN DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP VILI ILEUM, KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN IMBANGAN EFISIENSI PROTEIN BABI PERIODE FINISHER (Effect of Dietary Turmeric Powder and Betaine Addition on Ileum Villi, Protein Digestion and Protein Efficiency Ratio of Finisher Pig)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Elnisi Br Mahulae ◽  
Sauland Sinaga ◽  
Denny Rusmana
Keyword(s):  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Betaine and turmeric powder have the benefit of increasing digestibility and metabolism which affects the productivity of pig finisher period. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and best dosage of betaine addition combined with turmeric powder in feed on ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio of finisher period pig. The research was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design with 4 type of combination treatments of betain and turmeric powder in ration as follow: R0 = Basal feed, R1 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.1% betaine, R2 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.15% betaine, R3 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.2% betaine. Each treatment was repeated five times. The variables observed were ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the research showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the number of ileum villi, protein digestion, protein efficiency ratio, and. The addition of 0.15% betaine combined with 0.4% turmeric powder (R2) in feed showed the best effect on the ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio of pig finisher period

scholarly journals Effect of organic acid treated drinking water on growth of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
E. D. Assam ◽  
E. M. Assam ◽  
K. U. Amaefule
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of treating drinking water with different organic acids on growth performance of broiler chickens. The organic acids were acetic, butyric, citric and formic acids. One hundred and fifty (150) day old Abor Acre chicks were used. The experiment was divided into five treatments with treatment 1 serving as the control, while treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The experiment was arranged as completely randomized design (CRD). Results shows that except for BA organic acids significantly (P<0.05) improved final weight, daily weight gain, and protein efficiency ratio with AA having the highest (P<0.05) value at the starter phase. Also at the starter phase, daily water intake was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by BA, CA and FA. At the finisher phase, final body weight and daily gain were improved (P<0.05) by all the organic acids except BA. Final weight was better in AA compared to BA. There was no difference (P>0.05) in final weight between BA, Ca and FA. Daily feed and protein intakes were not affected (P>0.05). All the organic acids significantly (P<0.05) produced better feed: gain ratio. Only AA gave better protein efficiency ratio compared to the control. While AA, CA and FA encouraged water consumption, it was reduced (P<0.05) by BA. It is concluded that AA, CA and FA could be added in the drinking water for broilers for improved performance.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Rebusan Daun Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Rinawati Rinawati ◽  
E Suharyanto ◽  
Nastiti Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Adult Leaf ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Tithonia diversifolia is a plant that has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels that is crucial in Diabetes Mellitus therapy. This study aims to determine the active compounds contained in the extract of T. diversifolia leaves decoction, the effect of decoction extract on the reduction of blood glucose, and the most effective decoction extract to reduce blood glucose levels as well. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the research treatment groups, namely: Kn = normal control (normal mice and not given leaves decoction extract), Ka = STZ control (DM mice, which are normal mice induced by 65mg/Kg of STZ), Kp = treatment control (normal mice given leaf decoction extract) , P1 = DM + mice were given young leaf decoction extract, P2 = DM + mice were given a mixture of young leaf and adult leaf decoction extract, P3 = DM + mice were given adult leaf decoction extract. The leaves used for decoction were 1-6 leaves from the shoots. The analysis of T. diversifolia leaves decoction compounds is using the visible spectrophotometers for tannins, phenols and flavonoids and GC-MS for terpenoid analysis. The result found that Tithonia diversifolia leaves decoction extracts contain tannins, flavonoids and phenols, while terpenoids are not detected. The leaves decoction extracts of T. diversifolia influenced the decreases in blood glucose levels of DM mice, especially the decoction extract of adult leaves which reduced blood glucose levels to 71.16%.

scholarly journals Engineering of Papaya Simplicia Nanoparticles for Grouper Fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Rita Rostika ◽  
Camelia Panatarani ◽  
I Made Joni ◽  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Lantun P. Dewanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract: Fish growth descriptions constitute the parameters which are influenced by internal and external condition. The external factors include water quality, feed quality and feed quantity. Feed quality including the simpicia papaya particle size which contains protease enzyme and saponin as additional ingredients for grouper feed. Currently, grouper’s growth is relatively low, when in fact the protein content of its feed is high. This research aims at obtaining data on charachter particle of papaya simplicia powder and the grouper’s absolute weight and grouper’s protein efficiency ratio which is fed with simplicia papaya powder. The research is conducted using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions (A: 60 μm simplicia papaya 3.5% application, B: 100 nm simplicia papaya 3.5% application, C: 60 μm simplicia papaya 2% application, D: 100 nm simplicia papaya 2% application, and E: 0% without simplicia papaya). Simplicia papaya powder was made from dried papaya, then mashed using disc mill and filtered with sieves measuring 60 μm and 100nm and the grouper cultivation is done in a Floating Net Cage in Pangandaran Regency. The addition of papaya simplicia at A and B to the grouper’s feed has some highest average daily gain by 3.70 % and 3.73 %. The characteristics of simplisia papaya powder size 60 μm and 100 nm do not have a different effect on the growth performance of grouper seeds.

scholarly journals Methionine plus cystine requirements for the maintenance and efficiency of utilization with tambaqui of different body weights

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neliane Galvão Porto ◽  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Rafael Silva Marchão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Methionine is an essential amino acid, and generally, the first limiting one in the diets of tambaqui, the main native fish produced in continental aquaculture in South America. However, there is a lack of information on their amino acid requirement, especially for maintenance and efficiency of utilization. The present study aimed to determine the requirement of [methionine plus cystine] for the maintenance and efficiency of utilization using tambaqui of different body weights. Two experiments were carried out using 250 tambaqui with weights of 100 and 300 g. They were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatment groups (0.264, 0.396, 0.528, and 0.660% of digestible [Met + Cys]), five replications. The control treatment (CT) was performed with the addition of methionine at the first level (0.264%) until the second level was reached (0.396%). The maintenance requirement was determined by the regression analysis between the consumption of [Met + Cys] and protein retention equal to zero. The efficiency was determined using the value of the slope coefficient of the line obtained by the linear regression. The protein and methionine retention values of tambaqui weighing 100 to 300 g were compared by the parallelism test, and no difference was observed between the parameters of the equations indicating the need for only one equation to describe the responses to body weights. The requirement of digestible [Met + Cys] for the maintenance of tambaqui with weights from 100 to 300 g was 60.47 mg kg-0.7 day-1 and the efficiency of utilization of 42%.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary incorporation of fish/prawn meal on performance of Catla catla (Hamilton) during nursery phase

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Pratap Chandra Das ◽  
Suhas Prakash Kamble ◽  
Kartik Chandra Parida ◽  
Kedar Nath Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Final Length

Nursery evaluation of catla spawn was carried out by feeding three iso-nitrogenous diets (35% protein in raw and cooked form) for a period of 30 days. The three test diets (treatments) in raw form were: T1 - groundnut oil cake (GOC) + rice bran (RB) + vitamin-mineral (V-M) premix; T2 - GOC+RB+fish meal (FM) + V-M premix, T3 - GOC+RB+prawn meal (PM)+V-M premix. The diet groups GT1, GT2 and GT3 respectively were same feed combinations in cooked form. Incorporation of prawn meal as animal protein source led to significantly higher final weight, final length, % weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to diet with and without fish meal incorporation. Whereas, diet containing fish meal improved the fry growth and survival rate only when it was cooked. Cooked diet either with fish or prawn meal incorporation led to better fry growth over the respective non-cooked diets, revealing the advantage of cooking process for better nourishment in catla fry during nursery phase.

scholarly journals Pertambahan Bobot Badan dan Waktu Pembusukan Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ekstrak Jaloh Dikombinasi dengan Kromium

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
Azhari Azhari ◽  
M. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The gain body weight and Spoilage of meat broiler which giving jaloh extract to combine with chromiumABSTRACT. A study was conducted on broiler chickens under heat stress to evaluate the effect of combined jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) extract with chromium mineral in the body weight, value of feed ratio conversion, and time to meat to become decomposed. Twenty four of 20-day old Cobb female broiler chickens were randomly assigned and divided to 4 treatment groups. Completely randomized design was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: 1) chickens given no heat stress and jaloh extract nor chromium (tCp); 2) chickens under heat stress without given jaloh extract nor chromium (Cp); 3) chickens under heat stress and given jaloh extract in 1.000 mg/lt drinking water (Cp+Ej); and 4) chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract in 1.000 mg/lt drinking water, and chromium in 1.000 ug/lt drinking water (Cp+Ej+Cr). Heat stress given was 33 ± 1oC of cage temperature during 4 hours per day within 15 days. Jaloh extract and chromium treatments in drinking water were given at 2 hour before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC and were stopped being given after 1 hour, when cage temperature back to room temperature. On the 16th day of the study chickens were measured before slaughtered. Samples obtained were chicken meat that taken from breast part (musculus pectoralis). The result suggested that either giving jaloh extract per se at the dose of 1.000 mg/lt in drinking water or combine it with chromium that given two hours before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC, can prevent chickens from decreasing their body weight, decreasing value of feed ratio convertion, and extending time to meat to become decomposed.

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