A Study of the Control of the Variable Structure-Type Locomotive Robot (4th Report, Postural Change and Locomotion by Jumping of the Control Arm/Leg-Type)

The variable structure type locomotive robot developed in this study can be any of three variations (models) by the selection of controlling arms, wheels, and legs, in addition to the body. This paper reports the postural change and jumping motion of a third model of the robot which is composed of a pair of controlling arms and a leg mounted on each end of the body. Because the model was constructed to simulate the human body, its motions bear quite a resemblance to those of a human. The main results obtained by this study are as follows: (1) Sittingdown and standing-up motions were achieved by using control methods proposed in this study; (2) Locomotion by jumping at the standing-up posture of the robot was attained; and (3) It was verified experimentally that the compound center of gravity feedback controls unstable postures of the robot such as jumping and standing on the tip of the leg.

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Fall Detection Based on Key Points of Human-Skeleton Using OpenPose

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12050744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 744 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Weiming Chen ◽

Zijie Jiang ◽

Hailin Guo ◽

Xiaoyang Ni

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Detection Method ◽

Fall Detection ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Symmetry Principle ◽

Key Points ◽

Standing Up

According to statistics, falls are the primary cause of injury or death for the elderly over 65 years old. About 30% of the elderly over 65 years old fall every year. Along with the increase in the elderly fall accidents each year, it is urgent to find a fast and effective fall detection method to help the elderly fall.The reason for falling is that the center of gravity of the human body is not stable or symmetry breaking, and the body cannot keep balance. To solve the above problem, in this paper, we propose an approach for reorganization of accidental falls based on the symmetry principle. We extract the skeleton information of the human body by OpenPose and identify the fall through three critical parameters: speed of descent at the center of the hip joint, the human body centerline angle with the ground, and width-to-height ratio of the human body external rectangular. Unlike previous studies that have just investigated falling behavior, we consider the standing up of people after falls. This method has 97% success rate to recognize the fall down behavior.

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A Mechanical Model of the Long Jump and its Application to a Technique of Preparatory and Takeoff Phases

International Journal of Sport Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/ijsb.2.4.289 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 289-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eva Řídká-Drdácká

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Mechanical Model ◽

Center Of Gravity ◽

The Body ◽

Long Jump ◽

Optimal Values ◽

Correct Application ◽

Suitable Technique

The motion of the center of gravity of a human body at the takeoff phase of the long jump is simulated by a simple mechanical model. The takeoff phase depends on the chosen input values of kinematical quantities and on the resulting force acting on the center of gravity of the body during this phase. The dependence of the performance, that is, length of the jump on the values of horizontal and vertical velocities at the beginning of the flight, is graphically displayed in a nomogram. By plotting the course of the takeoff phase into this nomogram for a sample of jumps, we gain information on the relation between different parameters and the performance. Optimal values of these parameters are deduced. Suitable technique of the preparation for takeoff and the proper takeoff phases is suggested. The criteria for correct application of this technique are defined.

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SELECTION OF AN EXTRACTANT FOR ISOLATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM A HEDYSARUM NEGLECTUM

10.31219/osf.io/yxhrt ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Dmitrieva ◽

Dyshlyuk Lubov ◽

Fotina Natalia

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Human Body ◽

The Body ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Ethanol Mixture ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

Promising Source ◽

Active Substances ◽

Selection Of

Global technological progress is one of the main problems of ecosystem deterioration. The high concentration of industrial enterprises contributes to the development of the region's environmental crisis and the decline in public health. An increase in the environmental pollutant contributes to the activation of oxidative stress in the human body, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.), leading to a decrease in life expectancy and early aging of the body. To increase the adaptive abilities of the human body, it is important to use plant raw materials. A promising source of natural nutrients is the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. In order to obtain the extract of the forgotten kopek, the method of extraction was used at room temperature with a reverse refrigerator for 2 hours. In this study, to determine the working parameters of extraction (type of extractant, concentration of extractant), a selection of various extractive substances was selected. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined by two parameters: extractivity and yield of biologically active substances. The maximum extractivity was observed when using 50 % ethyl alcohol. To determine the working concentration of the water-ethanol mixture, the prepared extracts were analyzed for the content of flavonoids, tannins, and ascorbic acid. The maximum yield of biologically active substances (flavonoids 419.02±3.58 mg%, tannins 8.10±1.03 %, ascorbic acid 691.04±3.62 mg/kg) was observed during extraction with 50% water-ethanol mixture. The obtained results suggest that the water-ethanol extract of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. it is a potential source of natural biologically active substances for creating functional food products.

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Semi-active control of a passenger vehicle for improved ride and handling

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/09544070jauto597 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 222 (3) ◽

pp. 325-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G Tsampardoukas ◽

C W Stammers ◽

E Guglielmino

Keyword(s):

Active Control ◽

Human Body ◽

Balance Control ◽

Variable Structure ◽

Structure Type ◽

Magnetorheological Damper ◽

Vehicle Speed ◽

Passive Response ◽

Spring Force ◽

Ride And Handling

A theoretical model is developed for the semi-active control of the suspension of a full passenger car using a variable-structure-type algorithm. Skyhook control and variants of balance control (cancelling or adding the dynamic spring forces) are applied via a magnetorheological damper at the front and rear wheels to improve the vehicle ride and handling. The magnetorheological damper is modelled via a Bouc—Wen approach. The semi-active vehicle response is compared with a passive response. The robustness of control is established by adding noise to the computed sensor inputs, and the loose-wire scenario is also considered. The results show that balance control is a robust algorithm. The magnitude of acceleration reduction (for the human body and head—neck complex) using semi-active control varies with the semi-active approach and vehicle speed (a simulated random road was assumed). At 30m/s the human body acceleration reduction was found to be 70 per cent with skyhook control and 40 per cent with balance control (cancelling the dynamic spring forces). The handling manoeuvres of the vehicle are presented utilizing BS ISO 3888-1 1999. The handling performance of the vehicle is significantly improved, when balance control by cancelling is applied on the rear dampers only. Using skyhook control and balance control by adding a spring force to the system it is not possible to improve the handling response of the vehicle.

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PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽

10.15408/es.v8i2.2039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 166-175

Author(s):

Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽

Sjaeful Anwar

Keyword(s):

Concept Maps ◽

The Body ◽

Instructional Materials ◽

Teaching Material ◽

Test Results ◽

Teaching Materials ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Material Development ◽

Selection Step ◽

Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039

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Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

SPORT AND SOCIETY ◽

10.36836/uaic/fefs/10.50 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-13

Author(s):

Alexandru Cîtea ◽

George-Sebastian Iacob

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Postural Control ◽

Human Body ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Low Back ◽

Pilates Method ◽

The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

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Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v11i2.6408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽

Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Human Body ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Architectural Drawing ◽

Study Approach ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

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The dynamic of body and brain co-evolution

Adaptive Behavior ◽

10.1177/1059712321994685 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105971232199468

Author(s):

Paolo Pagliuca ◽

Stefano Nolfi

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

The Body ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

And Control ◽

Selection Of

We introduce a method that permits to co-evolve the body and the control properties of robots. It can be used to adapt the morphological traits of robots with a hand-designed morphological bauplan or to evolve the morphological bauplan as well. Our results indicate that robots with co-adapted body and control traits outperform robots with fixed hand-designed morphologies. Interestingly, the advantage is not due to the selection of better morphologies but rather to the mutual scaffolding process that results from the possibility to co-adapt the morphological traits to the control traits and vice versa. Our results also demonstrate that morphological variations do not necessarily have destructive effects on robots’ skills.

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Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

Culture & Psychology ◽

10.1177/1354067x211004085 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1354067X2110040

Author(s):

Josefine Dilling ◽

Anders Petersen

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Human Body ◽

Female Body ◽

The Body ◽

Thin Line ◽

Complex Processes ◽

The Individual ◽

Different Levels ◽

The Ideal ◽

Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

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