scholarly journals Novel Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-618
Author(s):  
Z. M. Abdurakhmanov ◽  
B. Y. Umarov ◽  
M. M. Abdurakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
The State ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cellular Marker ◽  
New Biomarkers

The review analyzes the role of assessing the state of the endothelium in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, stratification of their risks, since endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a crucial predictor of this pathologies. In this regard, this paper presents the modern understanding of the methods for assessing ED, presents the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. Despite the fact that flow-mediated dilation is widely used as a classical method for studying endothelial function, this technique depends on the physiological state of sensory nerves and calcium-activated potassium channels, cardiac output. This review focuses on new biomarkers for ED such as endothelial microparticles, endoglin and endocan, and discusses the relevance of the criteria for their use in clinical practice. Based on current scientific advances, the authors concluded that among these three newest biomarkers, today, endocan can be considered a more informative and reliable cellular marker of ED. Moreover, the authors have shown that when measured separately, many of the studied classical circulating biomarkers do not provide reliable information about the state of the endothelium, since the endothelial function has a complex physiological nature which therefore raises the question of the advisability of considering a combination of classical and new biomarkers for improving the assessment of the endothelial state.

scholarly journals A Medical Hardware-Software System for Remote Monitoring of Heart Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
T. M. Magrupov ◽  
Z. M. Yuldashev ◽  
S. P. Abdihalikov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Health State ◽  
Software System ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biological Objects

Introduction.  Wireless diagnostics of patients’  functional state is important  for ensuring timely detection and treatment of diseases. In this article, the development of a medical hardware-software system for remote monitoring of the state of biological objects is considered on the example of cardiovascular diseases.Aim. To develop a medical hardware-software system for remote monitoring of the main cardiovascular parameters and to expand the scope of medical remote telemetry equipment, which can eventually lead to improved medical services.Materials and methods.  On the example of cardiovascular diseases, an analysis of the existing medical hardwaresoftware system for remote monitoring of the state of biological objects was carried out, taking into account the cardiac monitoring of the electrocardiogram. This method is widely used for in the diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Results.  A  method  was proposed for creating  a  hardware-software  system  for  remote monitoring of the main cardiovascular parameters to ensure timely detection and treatment of diseases. The general structure of such a system, including its advantages and disadvantages and the routing of information, is described.  The proposed technology of  prolonged  remote monitoring of the patient's health state makes it possible to increase  the efficiency of detecting dangerous heartbeat arrhythmia by about 30%.Conclusions.  The  proposed system  solves  the  problem of registering biological parameters without significant interference in the patient’s vital  activity, which allows typical conditions to be traced. Remote data collection also facilitates the load on medical personnel, reduces the number of contacts with patients and improves their psychological state.

scholarly journals Endothelial function in normal and pathological conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
A. V. Pizov ◽  
N. A. Pizov ◽  
O. A. Skachkova ◽  
N. V. Pizovа
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
The State ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Basic Functions

The article presents the data on the state of endothelial function in the normally and in various diseases and conditions. The basic  functions of endothelium in modulation of vascular tone, atrombogenicity and thrombogenicity of the vascular wall, regulation of  vascular wall adhesion, regulation of vascular growth are described. The main causes leading to the formation of endothelial  dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying it are highlighted. Numerous studies on the evaluation of endothelial function in  various diseases are presented. The basic methods of drug and non-drug correction of endothelial dysfunction are presented. 

scholarly journals Endothelial function and its role in the formation of cardiovascular pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
A A Tulichev ◽  
N Yu Borovkova ◽  
N N Borovkov ◽  
A A Spassky ◽  
I V Polyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Initial Stage

Currently rheumatoid arthritis is considered as an immune inflammatory disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic damage of internal organs, leading to early disability and reduced life expectancy. Cardiovascular diseases are most often mentioned as factors of poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology of the cardiovascular system in rheumatoid arthritis is usually associated with the macro- and microvascular changes and rheumatoid lesions of the heart. The leading factor in the damage of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis is systemic inflammation affecting its viscosity and elastic properties, increased rigidity, impaired endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is currently regarded to as an initial stage of morphogenesis of various vascular disorders. It is considered as a subclinical marker of cardiovascular diseases and the earliest predictor of cardiovascular complications. From this point of view study of endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aimed at determining cardiovascular risk is a perspective direction. Only single and fragmentary information about certain endothelial functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and substances released in this. There is no clear analysis of relationship between them and dependence on the process activity. Not clear is their role in the pathology of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis. This literature review discusses the problem of endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as its role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in these patients. The development mechanisms and the role of immune inflammation in its formation are considered. Also the association was found between chronic inflammatory activity indicators in rheumatoid arthritis and various biological markers and development of endothelial dysfunction. The effects of antirheumatic treatment on endothelial dysfunction in these patients were analyzed.

Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 3684-3699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie T.B. Delgado ◽  
Wender N. Rouver ◽  
Roger L. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. Methods: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. Conclusion: This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AS PREDICTOR OF SUBCLINICAL AND MANIFEST ATHEROSCLEROSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
OV V Fatenkov ◽  
VV V Simerzin ◽  
IV V Gagloeva ◽  
MA A Galkina ◽  
YaA A Panisheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Calcium Antagonists ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

This survey presents the role of endothelial dysfunction in pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases as predictor of their development. Leading risk factors of endothelial dysfunction and methods of its diagnostics are also shown. Special attention is given to non medicamental correction of endothelial function disorders and its pharmacotherapy with statins, inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), calcium antagonists and other drugs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction and the possibility of its correction at the present stage in patients with cardiovascular diseases

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3S) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Samolyuk ◽  
N. Yu. Grigorieva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Complications And Mortality

The review describes the current understanding of endothelial dysfunction, methods of its evaluation, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. The role of nitric oxide and endothelin as important markers of endothelial dysfunction is shown, and the methods of their determination in clinical practice are described. The authors conclude that in order to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk and frequency of complications and mortality rates, it is necessary to study the function of endothelium in more detail and to look for ways of drug correction, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of its formation. 

scholarly journals Effect of Different Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs on Endothelial Function and Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Viana Gomes Silva ◽  
Roberta Carvalho de Figueiredo ◽  
Danyelle Romana Alves Rios
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Hypertension is characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels that travel with increased arterial stiffness, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Some antihypertensive drugs have been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce levels of inflammatory markers regardless of the effect of blood pressure lowering. Third-generation β-blockers, such as nebivolol and carvedilol, because they have additional properties, have been shown to improve endothelial function in patients with hypertension. Calcium channel antagonists, because they have antioxidant effects, may improve endothelial function and vascular inflammation.The Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) are able to improve endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, however there are few studies evaluating the effect of treatment with this class on the reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Further studies are needed to assess whether treatment of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation may improve the prognosis of patients with essential hypertension.

Endothelial Dysfunction: Implications for Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M Bell ◽  
Thomas E Johns ◽  
Larry M Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vascular Relaxation ◽  
Dysfonction Endothéliale

OBJECTIVE: To review current literature regarding endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases and examine implications of these findings for the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. DATA SOURCE: A MEDLINE search of basic science articles pertinent to understanding the role of the endothelium in the atherosclerotic process and of clinical trials examining the presence and treatment of impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was conducted. STUDY SELECTION: Selected basic science articles and reviews were included to explain the foundation for subsequent clinical trials. All clinical trials examining the treatment of impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Endothelial dysfunction characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation is an early physiologic event in atherogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction in peripheral vasculature serves as a marker for impairment in coronary arteries. Techniques for measuring endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation are specific and have a high positive predictive value for coronary artery disease, but low sensitivity. Various pharmacologic agents have been used in an attempt to improve endothelial function, but only lipid-lowering agents and estrogen supplementation have been shown to improve endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation consistently. Treatments used in patients with heart failure or hypertension fail to demonstrate consistent improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial dysfunction serves as a marker for cardiovascular disease, but pharmacologic treatment does not consistently restore normal endothelial function. Nevertheless, some of these agents are known to have positive clinical outcomes. Future research using these techniques will provide greater insight into the effects of many commonly used therapies for cardiovascular disease on the pathobiology of endothelial dysfunction. OBJETIVO: Revisar la literatura actual sobre la disfunción endotelial en enfermedades cardiovasculares y las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en el tratamiento de desórdenes cardiovasculares. FUENTES DE INFORMACION: A través de MEDLINE se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos relacionados al rol del endotelio en el proceso de aterosclerosis. En la búsqueda también se identificaron estudios clínicos sobre la detección y el tratamiento de disfunción en la relajación vascular dependiente del endotelio. SELECCIÓN DE FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN: Se seleccionaron artículos de ciencias básicas y resúmenes de estudios para explicar la base de los estudios clínicos. Se revisaron todos los artículos de estudios clínicos que evaluaban el tratamiento de disfunción en la relajación vascular dependiente del endotelio. SÍNTESIS: La disfunción endotelial, caracterizada por una disfunción en la relajación vascular dependiente del endotelio, es un evento fisiológico que ocurre temprano en el proceso de aterogénesis. La disfunción del endotelio de la vasculatura periferal es un indicador de disfunción de las arterias coronarias. Las técnieas para medir la relajación vascular dependiente del endotelio son específicas y tienen un valor predictivo alto para enfermedad de las arterias coronarias pero una baja sensitividad. Se han utilizado varios agentes farmacológicos para tratar de mejorar la función endotelial, pero sólo los agentes antilipidémicos y el reemplazo de estrógenos han sido consecuentes en demostrar una mejoría en la relajación de la vasculatura dependiente de endotelio. Los tratamientos utilizados en los pacientes con fallo cardíaco e hipertensión no han sido consecuentes en demostrar una mejoría. CONCLUSIONES: La disfunción endotelial es un indicador de enfermedad cardiovascular. Aunque algunos agentes han demostrado obtener resultados clínicos positivos, el tratamiento farmacológico no ha sido consecuente en restaurar la función normal del endotelio. Existe la necesidad de realizar estudios clínicos que midan la relajación vascular que depende del endotelio. Estos podrán proveer mayor información sobre los efectos del tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la disfunción del endotelio. OBJECTIF: Décrire les implications cliniques possibles de différents traitements pharmacologiques au niveau de la dysfunction endothéliale notée chez une population atteint d'ischémie myocardique, d'hyperlipidémie, d'hypertension, ou d'insuffisance cardiaque congestive. SOURCE: Les articles de science fondamentale examinant le róle de l'endothélium dans le processus athérosclérotique et les études cliniques évaluant l'effet de différents traitements phamacologiques pour rétablir à la normale la fonction endothéliale ont été identifiés et analysés. RÉSUMÉ: La dysfonction endothéliale caractérisée par un phénomène anormal de la relaxation vasculaire est un évènement physiologique précoce de l'athérogenèse. Ses principales manifestations sont en autre une concentration inadéquate soit du facteur de relaxation de l'endothélium, soit de l'oxide nitrique qui agit à titre de puissant vasodilatateur et d'inhibiteur de l'aggrégation plaquettaire, de la prolifération de cellules musculaires lisses, et de l'adhésion des monocytes. Plusieurs recherches ont démontré qu'une dysfonction endothéliale périphérique (telle que mesurée au niveau de l'artère brachiale) représente un marqueur d'une dysfonction endothéliale au niveau coronaire. La valeur prédictive de la dilatation brachiale pour estimer la dilatation coronaire est d'environ 95% bien que celle-ci ait une faible sensitivité. De tous les agents pharmacologiques testés, seuls les agents hypolipémiants et les suppléments d'oestrogènes semblent pouvoir améliorer la fonction endothéliale. Tous les autres traitements utilisés chez les patients hypertendus ou les insuffisants cardiaques n'ont pu démontrer à ce jour des résultats consistants. CONCLUSIONS: Plusieurs études préliminaires concluent qu'une dysfonction endothéliale périphérique constitue un marqueur pour les maladies cardiovasculaires. À ce jour, aucune thérapie ne semble pouvoir restorer cette fonction d'une façon non équivoque. Ce nouveau champ de recherche cardiovasculaire permettra possiblement d'établir un lien éventuel entre les effets endothéliaux et les effets bénéfiques cliniques des différents traitements pharmacologiques utilisés dans le domaine cardiovasculaire.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Costa Teixeira ◽  
André Luiz Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Cleiton Silva Correa ◽  
Thiago Rozales Ramis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

The need to study cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has become more and more relevant as their prevalence has increased over the years. An intact endothelial wall is essential to vascular health. Certain factors are responsible for maintaining this tissue intact, including nitric oxide (NO), which provokes dilation of blood vessels in response to shear stress. Expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, which produces nitric oxide in response to increases in blood flow, is of fundamental importance to maintenance of the vascular system. When this enzyme is inhibited, nitric oxide production is reduced, causing endothelial dysfunction. Since C-reactive protein inhibits production of nitric oxide by the eNOS enzyme, it is one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events. The objective of the present study was to review scientific articles in the literature related to the subject 'inflammatory markers and endothelial function'. A wide-ranging review of the current literature was conducted, using systematic analysis of bibliographic references indexed in PubMed, Scielo, Medline and LILACS database, for the years 1992 to 2013. The studies reviewed show that increases in inflammation causes reductions in NO and increases in cardiovascular events. Increased inflammation is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Features of stress-regulating system changes in adolescents with cardiovascular pathology at endothelial dysfunction

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
D. Kashkalda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
System Changes ◽  
Endothelial Response

Relevance. Endothelial dysfunction serves as a starting mechanism for any vascular pathology and its progression. The state of endothelial function is greatly influenced by stress, however, the study of the features of the functioning of stress-regulating systems in adolescents with cardiovascular disorders has practically not been studied. Objective: to investigate stress-regulating system changes in adolescents with cardiovascular disease at endothelial dysfunction. Materials and methods. A total of 73 adolescents (49 boys and 24 girls) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) aged 12–18 were surveyed. The adolescents were divided into 3 groups: those with normal endothelial function, those with endothelial dysfunction and those with paradoxical vascular endothelial response. Stress regulation is dominated by stress- realizing and stress-limiting systems. The state of stress-realizing systems was assessed by the level of cortisol, malondialdehyde, carbonylated proteins (CP) in blood serum and catecholamines (CA) in urine; stress-limiting systems — by the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serotonin in the blood and melatonin in urine. Results. In adolescents with endothelial dysfunction and paradoxical vascular endothelial response, there was a regulatory imbalance of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPO) and a decrease in serotonin levels. In endothelial vascular dysfunction, changes in stress-regulatory systems are more pronounced in girls. The revealed correlation relations of the studied indicators in adolescents with normal function and vascular endothelium dysfunction emphasize strong links between monoamines (CA and melatonin), enzymatic (GPO) tension and activation of non-enzymatic (melatonin) links of antioxidant system. Conclusion. In adolescents with a non-inflammatory pathology of CVD, endothelial function depends on the activation and interaction of stress-regulating systems. With vascular endothelial dysfunction, changes in the content of monoamines and indicators of the pro- and antioxidant systems have gender differences, indicating stress-limiting stress and activation of stress-realizing systems in girls. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: adolescents, cardiovascular system, endothelial function, stresslimiting indicators, stressrealizing indicators.

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