Role of Ixodes Pavlovskyi (Acari, Ixodidae) in Borreliosis Epizootic Process at the Island Russky

The incidence of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) at the Island Russky (Primorsk Territory) is higher than at the mainland. There is a bidominant structure of the tick population with mass occurrence of Ixodes persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi at the island. Due to the higher infectivity and aggressiveness of I. persulcatus, it is suggested that it plays a key role in high activity of the ITBB focus at the island.The aim of the study: to characterize the role of I. pavlovskyi in the borreliosis epizootic process based on the study of the structure of the borrelia genotype complex isolated from Ixodes ticks at the Island Russky.Materials and methods. The ticks were collected from vegetation at three sites. Ixodide species were determined morphologically and using PCR for mitochondrial gene cox1 and nuclear multicopy locus ITS2. Infection of 233 ticks was analyzed with the species identification confirmed by all methods. Borrelia genospecies were determined by multiplex two-round PCR with the primers specific to the gene fragments 5S and 23S rRNA of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex.Results and discussion. Coexistence of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi at the island was confirmed, with different ratios in space and a gradual increase in the proportion of the latter species. The circulation of three etiological agents of ITBB: Borrelia garinii (predominantly in I. pavlovskyi), B. bavariensis and B. afzelii (in I. persulcatus) was identified. Thus, an active natural focus of ITBB has formed at the island, probably including two uninsulated chains of borrelia circulation. One chain combines I. persulcatus and small and large mammals as the tick feeders. The second – I. pavlovskyi that can feed on mammals and birds. Due to the spatial variability of the ixodide population structure at different sections of the island, the ratio of the circulating borrelia species can change, and this species becomes the main vector of the pathogenic agents in areas of I. pavlovskyi absolute dominance.

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Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-4-3-4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-4

Author(s):

Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽

◽

Vadim A. Bobrov ◽

Sergey N. Zabashta ◽

Roman A. Krivonos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Form ◽

Animal Species ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Natural Focus ◽

Dead End ◽

Wide Range ◽

Epizootic Process ◽

Krasnodar Region ◽

Spread Of Infection ◽

Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

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EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN CATTLE LEUKEMIA

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/1/53-58 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

V. V. Makarov ◽

D. A. Lozovoy

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Western Europe ◽

Control Programs ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Negative Order ◽

Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽

The Usa ◽

Epizootic Process ◽

National Programs

Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been known for more than a century and a half. Its occurrence and registration may have historically been associated with intensive breeding of dairy cattle in Western Europe to increase target productivity. It is known that any limiting intervention in the nature of the animal organism is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and unpredictable change in the genotype of a wider range than the required, particularly negative order. In particular, a decrease in the resistance to macroorganisms and the possibility of the new diseases emergence, including infectious ones (for example, immunodeficiencies such as BLAD syndrome of black-motley cattle and stress syndrome in pigs, the occurrence of scrapie and other slow sheep infections). In the last two decades of the last century, in many disadvantaged countries, primarily Western European, national programs for the eradication of EBL have been developed and subsequently successfully implemented. First of all the motivation was the economy of dairy cattle breeding (mainly the extension of productive age, as well as the tightening of requirements in international trade in cattle and bull products, breeding, pricing, etc.). In an analytical article are reviewed the elements of epizootology of EBL in the foreign countries with special attention to the situation in the USA, scenarios of various control programs, and promising methods for assessing the role of infected animals in the epizootic process. A critical assessment of the problem of EBL in the Russian Federation is given, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of against leucosis measures are discussed.

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Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasms in nonconococcal urethirits in men

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1002047v ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Sonja Vesic ◽

Jelica Vukicevic ◽

Eleonora Gvozdenovic ◽

Dusan Skiljevic ◽

Slobodanka Janosevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Nongonococcal Urethritis ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

The One

Introduction. Nongonococcal urethritis is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men, with vast majority of the etiological agents such as Chlamydia trachomatis, followed by urogenital mycoplasmas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in nongonococcal urethritis in men, and to examine infections associated with these agents. Material and methods. 299 sexually active, heterosexual men with nongonococcal urethritis were included into the study. Urethral samples were taken with a dacron swab placed into the urethra up to 2-3 cm. The Direct immunojluorescence tehnique was performed for identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected with Mycoplasma 1ST assay. Results. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 22.75%, Uraeplasma urealyticum in 21.08% and Mycoplasma hominis in 8.02% cases. We found no significant differences in prevalence between Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticym (p>0.05). Monoinjections were found in 51.85% with significantly higher rate (p<0.01) than associated infections (11.70%). Among associated infections, coinfection of Chlamydia trahomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was predominant. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the one between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. In 36.45% patients no patogenic microorganisms were detected. Conclusion. These results confirmed the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis with prevalence of 51.85% in monoinfections and 11.70% in associated infections. In 36.45% of cases the etiology of urethritis was not elucidated. These results suggest that more sensitive diagnostic tool should be applied when searching for the detailed etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

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Role of nuclear genes in expression of a mitochondrial tRNA gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.3.3.371-379.1983 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 371-379

Author(s):

M Wesolowski ◽

C Palleschi ◽

L Frontali ◽

H Fukuhara

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Trna Gene ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Nuclear Genes ◽

Yeast Mitochondria ◽

Mitochondrial Trna ◽

Genetic Crosses ◽

Mitochondrial Trna Gene

In yeast mitochondria, most of the isoaccepting species of tyrosyl tRNA are coded by a mitochondrial gene, tyrA. A particular isoaccepting species is coded by a second mitochondrial gene, tyrB. This gene is not expressed in certain strains of yeast which show no deficient phenotype. Genetic crosses between strains expressing or not expressing the tyrB gene demonstrate that expression is controlled by specific nuclear genes and that a mutation of the tyrA gene can be bypassed when the tyrB gene is operative.

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Role of Broiler Carcasses and Processing Plant Air in Contamination of Modified-Atmosphere-Packaged Broiler Products with Psychrotrophic Lactic Acid Bacteria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01644-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 1136-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Elina Vihavainen ◽

Hanna-Saara Lundstrï¿½m ◽

Tuija Susiluoto ◽

Joanna Koort ◽

Lars Paulin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Modified Atmosphere ◽

Production Plant ◽

Meat Spoilage

ABSTRACT Some psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are specific meat spoilage organisms in modified-atmosphere-packaged (MAP), cold-stored meat products. To determine if incoming broilers or the production plant environment is a source of spoilage LAB, a total of 86, 122, and 447 LAB isolates from broiler carcasses, production plant air, and MAP broiler products, respectively, were characterized using a library of HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the 16 and 23S rRNA genes as operational taxonomic units in numerical analyses. Six hundred thirteen LAB isolates from the total of 655 clustered in 29 groups considered to be species specific. Sixty-four percent of product isolates clustered either with Carnobacterium divergens or with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum type strains. The third major product-associated cluster (17% of isolates) was formed by unknown LAB. Representative strains from these three clusters were analyzed for the phylogeny of their 16S rRNA genes. This analysis verified that the two largest RFLP clusters consisted of carnobacteria and showed that the unknown LAB group consisted of Lactococcus spp. No product-associated LAB were detected in broiler carcasses sampled at the beginning of slaughter, whereas carnobacteria and lactococci, along with some other specific meat spoilage LAB, were recovered from processing plant air at many sites. This study reveals that incoming broiler chickens are not major sources of psychrotrophic spoilage LAB, whereas the detection of these organisms from the air of the processing environment highlights the role of processing facilities as sources of LAB contamination.

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The role of dispersal for shaping phylogeographical structure of flightless beetles from the Andes

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sofia I. Muñoz-Tobar ◽

Michael S. Caterino

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Ground Beetle ◽

Population Level ◽

Population Subdivision ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Population Isolation ◽

Small Areas ◽

Maximum Entropy Models ◽

The Andes

Background Páramo is a tropical alpine ecosystem present in the northern Andes. Its patchy distribution imposes limits and barriers to specialist inhabitants. We aim to assess the effects of this habitat distribution on divergence across two independently flightless ground beetle lineages, in the genera Dyscolus and Dercylus. Methods One nuclear and one mitochondrial gene from 110 individuals from 10 sites across the two lineages were sequenced and analyzed using a combination of phylogenetics, population genetic analyses, and niche modeling methods. Results The two lineages show different degrees of population subdivision. Low levels of gene flow were found in Dyscolus alpinus, where one dominant haplotype is found in four out of the six populations analyzed for both molecular markers. However, complete population isolation was revealed in species of the genus Dercylus, where high levels of differentiation exist at species and population level for both genes. Maximum entropy models of species in the Dercylus lineage show overlapping distributions. Still, species distributions appear to be restricted to small areas across the Andes. Conclusion Even though both beetle lineages are flightless, the dispersal ability of each beetle lineage appears to influence the genetic diversity across fragmented páramo populations, where Dyscolus alpinus appears to be a better disperser than species in the genus Dercylus.

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CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY: CLASSIFICATION, ETIOPATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, METHODS OF PROPHYLAXIS AND CORRECTIONS (CLINICAL LECTURE)

Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.37800/rm2020-1-4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-47

Author(s):

I.A. Zhabchenko ◽

S.N. Zanko

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Cervical Insufficiency ◽

Short Cervix ◽

Historical Aspect ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Clinical Lecture

Тhe clinical lecture presents modern views on the problem of cervical insufficiency and its role in the miscarriage. Etiological agents of the cervical insufficiency development, its classification, diagnostic and differential diagnosis with short cervix have been reviewed. Particular attention has been drawn to the role of progesterone, microelements and connective tissue for development and progress of the mentioned pathology. The historical aspect was applied both for methods of possible treatments and prophylaxis of the cervical insufficiency and for advanced surgical and conservative correction. The algorithm of the obstetric actions for the cervical insufficiency is proposed.

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Ribosome profiling in Streptococcus pneumoniae reveals the role of methylation of 23S rRNA nucleotide G748 on ribosome stalling

10.1101/2020.12.21.423859 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuma Shoji ◽

Akiko Takaya ◽

Yoko Kusuya ◽

Hiroki Takahashi ◽

Hiroto Kawashima

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Ribosome Profiling ◽

23S Rrna ◽

Ribosome Stalling ◽

70S Ribosome ◽

Exit Tunnel ◽

Species Specific ◽

Peptidyltransferase Center ◽

First Time

2.Abstract(1) BackgroundMany nucleotides in 23S rRNA are methylated post-transcriptionally by methyltransferases and cluster around the peptidyltransferase center (PTC) and the nascent peptidyl exit tunnel (NPET) located in 50S subunit of 70S ribosome. Biochemical interactions between a nascent peptide and the tunnel may stall ribosome movement and affect expression levels of the protein. However, no studies have shown a role for NPET on ribosome stalling using an NPET mutant.(2) ResultsA ribosome profiling assay in Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrates for the first time that an NPET mutant exhibits completely different ribosome occupancy compared to wild-type. We demonstrate, using RNA footprinting, that changes in ribosome occupancy correlate with changes in ribosome stalling. Further, statistical analysis shows that short peptide sequences that cause ribosome stalling are species-specific and evolutionarily selected. NPET structure is required to realize these specie-specific ribosome stalling.(3) ConclusionsResults support the role of NPET on ribosome stalling. NPET structure is required to realize the species-specific and evolutionary conserved ribosome stalling. These findings clarify the role of NPET structure on the translation process.

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PARN-like Proteins Regulate Gene Expression in Land Plant Mitochondria by Modulating mRNA Polyadenylation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10776

Author(s):

Takashi Hirayama

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Plant Mitochondria ◽

Short Review ◽

Land Plant ◽

Mrna Processing ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

Double Stranded Dna ◽

Regulatory Systems ◽

Mrna Polyadenylation

Mitochondria have their own double-stranded DNA genomes and systems to regulate transcription, mRNA processing, and translation. These systems differ from those operating in the host cell, and among eukaryotes. In recent decades, studies have revealed several plant-specific features of mitochondrial gene regulation. The polyadenylation status of mRNA is critical for its stability and translation in mitochondria. In this short review, I focus on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating mRNA polyadenylation in plant mitochondria, including the role of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease-like proteins (PARNs). Accumulating evidence suggests that plant mitochondria have unique regulatory systems for mRNA poly(A) status and that PARNs play pivotal roles in these systems.

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