scholarly journals Pneumonia pada Anak Balita di Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Athena Anwar ◽  
Ika Dharmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Determinant Factors

Pneumonia adalah penyakit infeksi yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada balita di dunia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007 melaporkan bahwa kematian balita di Indonesia mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor determinan terjadinya pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Kriteria sampel adalah balita (0 – 59 bulan) yang menjadi responden Riskesdas 2013. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian pneumonia balita, sedangkan variabel independennya adalah karakteristik individu, lingkungan fisik rumah, perilaku penggunaan bahan bakar, dan kebiasaan merokok. Penetapan kejadian pneumonia berdasarkan hasil wawancara, dengan batasan operasional diagnosis pneumonia oleh tenaga kesehatan dan/atau dengan gejala pneumonia dalam periode 12 bulan terakhir. Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 82.666 orang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang paling berperan dalam kejadian pneumonia balita adalah jenis kelamin balita (OR = 1,10; 95% CI = 1,02 - 1,18), tipe tempat tinggal (OR = 1,15; 95% CI = 1,06 – 1,25), pendidikan ibu (OR = 1,20; 95% CI = 1,11 – 1,30), tingkat ekonomi keluarga/kuintil indeks kepemilikan (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,10 – 1,30), pemisahan dapur dari ruangan lain (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,05 – 1,34), keberadan/kebiasaan membuka jendela kamar (OR = 1,17; 95% CI = 1,04 – 1,31), dan ventilasi kamar yang cukup (OR = 1,16; 95% CI = 1,04 – 1,30). Disimpulkan bahwa faktor sosial, demografi, ekonomi dan kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah secara bersama-sama berperan terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia.Pneumonia is an infectious disease which is a major cause of mortality in children under five years of age in the world. National Basic Health Research 2007 reported that infant mortality in Indonesia has reached 15.5%. The objective of the study was to identify the determinant factors related to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in Indonesia. The research design was cross sectional, using National Basic Health Research 2013 data. Sample criteria were children under five years of age (0 – 59 months). The dependent variable was the incidence of pneumonia among children under five years of age, while the independent variables were individual characteristics, physical environment of house, types of fuel used, and smoking habit. There were 82,666 samples that fulfilled the study criteria. The result showed that determinant factors contributing to the incidence of pneumonia in children were sex (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.18), residence (urban/rural) (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1,06 – 1,25), maternal education (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11 – 1.30), household poverty index quintile (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10 – 1.30) , kitchen separation (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05 – 1.34), window availability in bedroom (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.31), and bedroom ventilation (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.30). This study concluded that social factors, demographic, economic levels and the physical environment of house simultaneously contributed to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five of age. 

Determinants of Health Visit among Mothers with Toddlers at the Integrated Health Post, Nganjuk District, East Java

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambar Dwi Retnoningrum ◽  
◽  
Ike Nurrochmawati ◽  
Dewi Indriani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Post ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Child Age

ABSTRACT Background: Regular visit to the integrated health post is essential to monitor health and nutritional status of children under five years of age. However, the frequency of visits remained low in Nganjuk District, East Java. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting health visit of children under five at the integrated health post in Nganjuk District, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Ngetos Integrated Health Post, Nganjuk, East Java, in April 2019. A sample of 100 children under five was selected for this study. The dependent variable was visit to the integrated health post. The independent variables were child age, maternal education, maternal work status, and motivation. The data were collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Visit of children under five years of age to the integrated health post increased with child age (OR= 1.60; 95% CI= 0.90 to 12.20; p= 0.071), higher maternal education (OR= 4.66; 95% CI= 2.13 to 28.14; p= 0.002), working mothers (OR= 2.90; 95% CI= 1.57 to 26.45; p= 0.010), and higher motivation (OR= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.35 to 19.05; p= 0.016). Conclusion: Visit of children under five years of age to the integrated health post increases with child age, higher maternal education, working mothers, and higher motivation. Keywords: children under five years of age, mothers, integrated health post Correspondence: Ike Nurrochmawati. School of Health Sciences Satria Bhakti, Nganjuk. Jl. Panglima Sudirman VI Nganjuk, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282141578108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.71

scholarly journals Assessment of malnutrition by different anthropometric method and effect of poverty and maternal education as a barrier to healthy nutritional status among children under five years of age.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122-2128
Author(s):  
Hassan Ali ◽  
Saadia Khan ◽  
Ibad Ali ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Reema Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Objectives: Pakistan is facing double burden of malnutrition. The purpose of current study was to access the nutritional status by different anthropometric methods and common barriers that affect the nutritional status of children. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health Multan, Pakistan. Period: From 1st March 2019 to 1ST January 2020. Material & Methods: The study contained of 405 children with 216 boys and 187 girls. The data was collected by trained nutritionist in OPD of Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The study showed that malnutrition is caused by poor socioeconomic status and low education level of care giver. The data showed that 318 (78.51%) participants involved in this study were malnourished. Nutritional status mostly affected during first birthday (36.79%). In this study 50.12% participants belonged to poor nutritional status and 47.65% mother were uneducated. Conclusion: The mother education and good socioeconomic status can prevent children from malnutrition. Feeding practices and weaning starting time also play role in defining nutritional status of children. Children under five year of age are at very sensitive of age and more prone to diseases so well balance diet and mother feeding upto-2 years of age can prevent children from chronic diseases and improve nutritional status.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MATERNAL AGE AT MARRIED, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, HISTORY OF BREASTFEEDING, MOTHER'S EDUCATION AND HIGH RISK OF PREGNANCY WITH INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN UNDER FIVE-YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Eka Sri Purwandari ◽  
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani ◽  
Reni Yuli Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother's Education

Background: Stunting among children is a problem that has received serious attention from the Indonesian government. Incidence of stunting has decreased from year to year, but the decline still does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) target. Stunting occurs as a result of chronic malnutrition, especially during the first 1000 days of birth as a vital phase. Chronic nutritional deficiency as a toddler can be caused by various factors, including exclusive breastfeeding, the number of children that must be borne by the family and mother's education. Purpose: This study aimed to analyse the age of the women at marriage, the number of children, mother’s education, history of breastfeeding and pregnancy risk with the incidence of stunting in children under five years.. Methods: The design of this study was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted on toddlers aged 13-60 months in a village of East Java Province, Indonesia, with a sample size of 110 children under five. The statistical test used logistic regression with a confidence level of 95%. Results: Data analysis using logistic regression reveal the relationship between the dependent variable and the incidence of toddler stunting, the following results were obtained: from the mother's age at marriage, the value of ? 0.286, the number of family members ? 0.587, mother's education, ? 0.002, history of breastfeeding, ? 0.884, risk of pregnancy ? 0.696. of the five factors associated with the incidence of under-five stunting in this study, it shows that only mother's education has a very significant relationship with the incidence of under-five stunting (? = 0.002 <? = 0.05). The OR value is 4.724, which means that mothers with primary education have a risk of 4.724 times in the incidence of child stunting. Conclusion: The lower the mother's education provides an opportunity for the incidence of toddler stunting. Maternal education is related to the ability to receive information related to nutrition and child development so that it also has an impact on the preparation of family nutrition. In the long term, improper nutrition can lead to stunting.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pendidikan Ibu Dan Paritas Dengan Perkembangan Anak Balita Umur 3-4 Tahun Di PAUD Baitul Izzah Kota Bengkulu

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arum Kusuma Rini
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Mothers Educations, Parity, Early Children Under Five Development. This research aimed to know the relationship of mother and parity education with early children under five development in PAUD Baitul Izzah Bengkulu City. The studied used analytic survey research design. With Cross-Sectional research methods. The population in this studied were all children under five in PAUD Baitul Izzah Bengkulu City that is 28 infants age 3-4 years. Sampling technique in this studied used the Total Sampling means all children under five years, amounted to 28 children. The result obtained from maternal education and party relationship with the development of children under five age 3-4 years in PAUD Baitul Izzah Bengkulu that of 28 of children under five there were 10 (35%) of people who did not good children under five development or 18 good children under five development, Than 28(100%) of children there were 3 (10,7%) of the mothers, children under five and secondary education (89,3%) of the mothers infants of higher education. And there were 17 infants with parity multiparous mother, and 11(39.9%) of the mother, children under five parity primipara.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Status Gizi Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Firmana Putri ◽  
Delmi Sulastri ◽  
Yuniar Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Maternal Occupation ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

AbstrakStatus gizi anak balita salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh faktor kondisi sosial ekonomi, antara lain pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anak, pengetahuan dan pola asuh ibu serta kondisi ekonomi orang tua secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga terhadap status gizi anak balita. Penelitian ini adalah survei analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 227 orang yang terdiri dari anak balita dan ibu balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang telah diisi oleh ibu balita yang kemudian di analisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat didapatkan pendidikan ibu (p=0,022), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,000), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,012), jumlah anak (p=0,008) dan pola asuh ibu (p=0,000). Sementara dari analisis multivariat didapatkan pendidikan ibu (p=0,004; OR=2,594; CI95%=1,356-4,963), pekerjaan ibu (p=0,000; OR=74,769; CI95%=24,141-231,577), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,013; OR=3,058; CI95%=1,246-7,4) dan pola asuh ibu (p=0,000; OR=15,862; CI95%=5,973-42,128). Analisis bivariat menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan keluarga, jumlah anak dan pola asuh ibu dengan status gizi anak balita. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat faktor pekerjaan ibu merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan status gizi anak balita.Kata kunci: status gizi, anak balita, faktor sosial ekonomiAbstractNutritional status of children under five years has affected by a political and socio-economic condition factors, among others, maternal education, maternal occupation, number of children, maternal knowledge and parenting also parents' economic conditions as a whole. This research is conduct to determine whether there is a relationship between the socio-economic conditions of families on the nutritional status of children under five.This research is a analytic survey using a cross sectional study design with the number of samples are 227 people consisting of children under five and the mothers in the working areas Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang. Data were collected through questionnaires which is completed by mothers whose later been analyzed in bivariate and multivariateBased on bivariate analysis we can get the maternal education (p = 0.022), maternal occupation (p = 0.000), household income (p = 0.012), number of children (p = 0.008) and maternal parenting (p = 0.000). While the multivariate analysis obtained from the maternal education (p = 0.004; OR = 2.594; CI95% = 1.356 to 4.963), maternal occupation (p = 0.000; OR = 74.769; CI95% = 24.141 to 231.577), household income (p = 0.013; OR = 3.058; CI95% = 1.246 to 7.4) and maternal parenting (p = 0.000; OR = 15.862; CI95% = 5.973 to 42.128).Bivariate analysis showed that there is a relationship between maternal education, maternal occupation, family income, number of children and parenting mothers with a nutritional status of children under five. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, maternal occupation is the most associated factor with nutritional status of children under five.Keywords: Nutritional Status, Children Under Five, Socio-economic Factor

scholarly journals Prediction Model and Scoring System in Prevention and Control of Stunting Problems in Under Five-Year-Olds in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
Demsa Simbolon ◽  
Desri Suryani ◽  
Epti Yorita
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is a cause for concern. We used IFLS 2007 as secondary data in the cross-sectional study to develop a problem-solving and prevention model of stunting. The study was conducted in 2016 to predict a model from the characteristics, parents, and health care of the child. We recruited 3589 children under-five years from IFLS 2007 data as samples. The inclusion criteria are 1-5 years old children from 15-49 years old pregnant women, living with biological parents, available data of birth weight and gestational age, and do not have chronic disease. We used multiple logistic regression for modeling, and Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) Curve as a diagnostic test. We found that 39.5% of children under-five have stunting. Stunting protective factors are: prevention of LBW (Low Birth Weight) in infant, limitation of number of children by three, improved parenting for the boys, prevention of young-age pregnancy and stunting in the female adolescent. Other factors are completing immunization, improving maternal education and the health services of under-five children in rural areas, and improving Fe consumption for pregnant mothers. The model was able to prevent and delay the stunting in toddler by 64%, with 61.9% sensitivity and 60.9% specificity, and AUROC 65.5%. It is necessary to counsel the pregnant women with a low height and young-age pregnancy as a high risk, as well as management of the infant with LBW to prevent stunting.

scholarly journals Family's Role on Stunting among Children in Bojong Jaya Village, Tangerang, Banten

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roichatul Djannah ◽  
◽  
Siti Maisaroh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Families With Children

Background: In 2015, the prevalence of stunting among children under five years old in Indonesia was 36.4%. It means that more than a third or around 8.8 million children under five years old height is below the standard for their age. This stunting is above the threshold set by WHO of 20%. The prevalence of stunting / stunting for Indonesian under five is the second largest in the Southeast Asia region after Laos, which reached 43.8%. This study aimed to determine the effect of family role on stunting among children under five years old. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional was enrolled by 242 of 615 families with children under five years old in Bojong Jaya Village, Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were knowledge, family income and parenting style. The data collection was carried out by measuring height, in-depth interview, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The percentage of the stunting incidence was 20.2%. Family income (OR= 2.31; 95% CI= 1.19 to 4.47; p= 0.012) and parenting style (OR= 2.68; 95% CI= 1.36 to 5.31; p= 0.004) were associated with stunting incidence and they were statistically significant. There was a significant relationship between knowledge on the incidence of stunting (OR= 2.80; 95% CI 1.41 to 5.53; p= 0.002), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a relationship between family income, parenting style, and knowledge on the incidence of stunting among children under five years old. There needs to be a comprehensive program in building family resilience and multisector empowerment to increase family income, maternal education and knowledge of maternal nutrition to reduce the incidence of stunting. Keywords: empowerment, family, stunting Correspondence: Roichatul Djannah. Academy of midwifery Karya Bunda Husada. Jl. Imam Bonjol No 77 RT02 / RW01, Bojong Jaya Village, Karawaci District, Tangerang City, Banten, Indonesia, Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 081290257780 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.07

scholarly journals Identifikasi Indikator dalam Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Sub-Indeks Penyakit Menular

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Dharmayanti ◽  
Dwi Hapsari Tjandararini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

Sejak tahun 2009, Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan telah merumuskan Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) untuk menggambarkan kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia. Tahun 2013, IPKM dijabarkan dalam tujuh subindeks yaitu kesehatan balita, kesehatan reproduksi, pelayanan kesehatan, perilaku kesehatan, penyakit tidak menular, penyakit menular, dan kesehatan lingkungan. Penyakit diare dan infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) pada balita serta pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi yang digunakan dalam perhitungan subindeks penyakit menular dalam IPKM 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi indikator-indikator dalam IPKM yang dapat meningkatkan nilai subindeks penyakit menular. IPKM merupakan komposit dari 30 indikator kesehatan utama yang dihitung dari data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Disain Riskesdas 2013 merupakan survei potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel yaitu seluruh rumah tangga di 33 provinsi dan 497 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa indikator cakupan akses sanitasi (p = 0,000), cakupan air bersih (p = 0,027), serta cakupan perilaku masyarakat dalam bercuci tangan dengan benar (p = 0,001) memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan nilai subindeks penyakit menular. Sehingga diharapkan dengan adanya peningkatan cakupan tiga indikator diatas, maka nilai tiga subindeks (penyakit menular, kesehatan lingkungan, dan perilaku kesehatan) akan turut meningkat. Oleh karena itu, apabila kabupaten/kota ingin meningkatkan nilai subindeks penyakit menular, yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu intervensi terhadap lingkungan dan perilaku manusia. Dengan demikian, nilai IPKM kabupaten/kota juga akan meningkat.Kata kunci: Lingkungan, penyakit menular, perilaku.Identification of Public Health Development Index (PHDI) Indicators to Increase the Value of Sub-Index of Communicable DiseaseAbstractSince 2009, Ministry of Health through Indonesia Agency fro Health Research and Development has formulated Public Health Dvelopment Index (PHDI) to describe public health status in Indonesia. In 2013, PHDI grouped into seven sub indices, namely health status of children under five, reproductive health, health service, health beaviour, non-communicable disease, communicable disease, and environmental health. Diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) on children under five and pneumonia are infectious diseases used in the calculation of subindex of communicable diseases in PHDI 2013. The aim of this research was to identify indicator in PHDI that could improve the subindex of communicable disease. PHDI is a composite of 30 major health indicators calculated from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. The Riskesdas 2013 design was cross sectional survey with total sample of all households in 33 provinces and 497 district/cities in Indonesia. The data was analyzed by linier regression test. The result showed that indicator of access to sanitation (p=0.000), access to clean water (p=0.027) and people’s behavior in proper hand washing (p=0.001) had an important role in imporving the score of sub-index of communicable disease. It is expected that with the increase of the three indicators above, the value of three subindices (communicable disease, environmental health, and health behaviour) will also increase. Therefore, if the district/city wants to increase the value of sub index of communicable disease, the intervention to the environment and human behavior is needed. Thus, the PHDI score in district/city will also increase.Keywords: Behavior, communicable disease, environment.

scholarly journals Hubungan Lingkungan Fisik dan Tindakan Penduduk dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Suryani ◽  
Edison Edison ◽  
Julizar Nazar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Residential House

AbstrakAngka kematian akibat infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) di negara berkembang sebanyak 20% dimana 1/3 - 1/2 merupakan kematian pada balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lingkungan fisik berupa ventilasi, pencahayaan alami, kelembaban rumah, kepadatan hunian rumah dan tindakan penduduk yang meliputi kebiasaan merokok dalam rumah, kebiasaan buka jendela dan penggunaan bahan bakar rumah tangga dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan desain cross sectional, yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang pada bulan Desember 2013 dengan jumlah sampel 106 ibu yang mempunyai balita. Sampel diambil secara simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dari responden dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan lembaran observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan p<0.05 dan 0.0<Cc<1.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang lemah antara ventilasi (p=0.000, Cc=0.359), pencahayaan alami (p=0.001, Cc=0.311), kepadatan hunian (p=0.000, Cc=0.381), kebiasaan merokok di dalam rumah (p=0.002, Cc=0.302), kebiasaan buka jendela (p=0.001, Cc=0.333) dan penggunaan bahan bakar rumah tangga (p=0.027, Cc=0.210) dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita, sedangkan kelembaban rumah tidak ada hubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.Kata kunci: ISPA balita, lingkungan fisik, tindakan pendudukAbstractThe mortality rate due to Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in developing countries is about 20% which is 1/3-1/2 is the death of the children under five years old. The objective of this research was to determined the correlation between the physical environment which include the ventilation, the natural lighting, the house humidity, the density of residential house, and community behavior which include the habitual of smoking at house, the habitual of window open and household fuel use with the incidence of ARI on children under five years old. This research is an analytical study with cross sectional design, which done in work area of Lubuk Buaya community health centers Padang on December 2013 with 106 mothers with children under five years as the sample. Samples are taken by simple random sampling. The collection of data from respondents was conducted using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis using chi square test with p<0.05 and 0.0<Cc<1.00The result showed that there was a weak correlation between ventilation (p=0.000, Cc=0.359), natural lighting (p=0.00 , Cc=0.311), the density of residential house (p=0.000, Cc=0.381), the habitual of smoking at house (p=0.002, Cc=0.302), the habitual of window open (p=0.001, Cc=0.333) and household fuels use (p=0.027, Cc=0.210) with the incidence of ARI in children under five yers old and no correlation between the house humidity with ARI in children under five years old.Keywords: ARI in children under five years old, physical environment, community behavior

Determinants of Screen Time Among Children Under Five Years: A Cross Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Norliza Ahmad ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Zalilah Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Time Future

BACKGROUND Excessive screen time is detrimental to the child’s health. However, screen time situation among Malaysian children is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of screen time among children under five years old using the latest WHO guidelines. METHODS A cross sectional design was used to randomly select 489 children from nine government health clinics. Total screen time and factors were assessed using validated self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Results show an overall prevalence of 91.4% with a median of 3.00 hours (IQR: 1.36-5.04). Majority of children watched television (66%), followed by mobile phones (30%) and computers (4%). The determinants of screen time were Malay ethnicity, (AOR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.65-7.68), parental age of 30 years or more (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.58-6.16), parental screen time exceeding 2 hours a day (AOR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.73), parent’s moderate self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (AOR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01-5.20) and parent’s positive perception on influence of screen time on child’s cognitive well-being (AOR 1.15, 95% CI:1.01-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Parents played an important role in determining their child’s screen time. Future interventions that focus on the parents may ensure age appropriate screen time for their children.

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