scholarly journals Experience in conducting tests on a torsiometer to determine the pitch of the metal cord

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
N. A. Akunets
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Metal Cord ◽  
Single Coil ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Coating Weight ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Hardware production is in continuous improvement: the requirements imposed by consumers stimulate the introduction of new technological solutions and equipment. For metal products produced by hardware shops (metal cord, wire for RVD, side bronzed wire), mechanical properties are important, which determine the strength, ductility and other characteristics of materials. Metal cord has a number of physical and chemical characteristics: the diameter of the metal cord, lay pitch, linear density, deviation from straightness, residual torsion, untwistability, characteristics of the brass coating-chemical composition – coating weight, brass thickness, adhesion, mechanical properties-breaking load, elongation at break.The article describes the procedure for measuring the size of the lay pitch on a torsiometer installed by Metro Com engineering S. p. A., Italy using an upgraded device with ten pulses (resolution of the turn counter = 0.1 rotation of the rotating clamp). Comparative tests of 2x0. 30NT metal cord samples taken from a single coil were performed using a device with a resolution of 0.25 turns and 0.1 turns of the rotating clamp of the installation to determine the pitch of the coil.

scholarly journals Structure and mechanical properties of GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite ropes

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01127
Author(s):  
Wen Wen Yu ◽  
Jian Gao Shi ◽  
Yong Li Liu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and graphene (GR) was melt compounded by reactive extrusion. Nanocomposite monofilaments were prepared by melt spinning through a co-rotating screw extruder and drawing at hot water. GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite ropes were twisted using nanocomposite monofilaments. A structure and mechanical properties of the GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite monofilaments and its ropes had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical test. Results showed that the monofilaments surface of monofilaments became rougher with introducing of GR nanosheets, which could be related to stacking of GR. The breaking load of GR/UHMWPE nanocomposite ropes was remarkably improved upon nanofiller addition, with the decrease of the elongation at break.

Tensile Mechanical Properties of Three-Strand PE/SiO2 Composite Fiber Rope

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 921-926
Author(s):  
Jian Gao Shi ◽  
Wen Wen Yu ◽  
Wen Zhu Zhong ◽  
Yong Li Liu ◽  
Ming Hua Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Area

The tensile mechanical properties of polyethylene/silica (PE/SiO2) composite fiber and three-strand PE/SiO2composite fiber ropes were investigated. It was found that the SiO2content had a significant effect on the tensile mechanical properties of composite fiber. The breaking force of the fishing three-strand PE/SiO2composite fiber rope with diameter 8 mm was 15.8 kN. Compared to common synthetic fiber rope with the same diameter, fishing three-strand PE/SiO2composite fiber rope had higher breaking force and less elongation. On the premise of maintain the breaking force, the common synthetic fiber rope could be replaced by the fishing three-strand PE/SiO2composite fiber rope in fishing area, and the linear density, the elongation at break, the netting gear resistance and using diameter of rope decreased. Therefore, an efficient method to improve the tensile mechanical properties and lower cost by using composite fiber rope was established.

scholarly journals Influence of Separating Fibrous Seed Mass to Fractions to Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
Quadratic Inequality

This article describes the fourth type of medium-fiber Hampor, currently widely used in the Surkhandarya region, the lengnth is about 160-170 mg, 171-180 mg, 181-190 mg, 191-200 mg, 201-205 mg, 206-210 mg was divided into fractions by mass of fibers, the LKM equipment was cleaned of fine and dirty particles in the laboratory of the ginnery, DL-10 was isolated from the fiber on the ginning equipment, and the physical and mechanical properties of the seeds, and 20.0 texts were made from the cotton fiber at the “Sherli” small-scale spinning device at the “Pakhtasanoat Research Center” AC. Physical and mechanical properties of the yarn, i.e. quadratic inequality of linear density, quadratic inequality by the number of twists, quadratic inequality in strength, durability, comparative shear strength, elongation at break, elongation in discontinuity was identified with the help of modern equipment and the spinning plant was able to split fibers into fractions for the production of high quality yarn, optimal versions were proposed.

scholarly journals The influence of the characteristics of breaking test units on the results of testing plastic properties of the wire RML

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
N. A. Akunets
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Unit ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Metal Cord ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
The Wire

For metal products manufactured by hardware shops (metal cord, PML wire and side bronzed wire), the most important mechanical properties are those, that determine the strength, ductility and other characteristics of the materials. The article describes the characteristics of breaking test unit that affect the results of tests of plastic properties of RML wire. The analysis of the test conditions and factors affecting the test results was made.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Rafał Oliwa ◽  
Joanna Ryszkowska ◽  
Mariusz Oleksy ◽  
Monika Auguścik-Królikowska ◽  
Małgorzata Gzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

We investigated the effect of the type and amount of expandable graphite (EG) and blackcurrant pomace (BCP) on the flammability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, physical, and chemical structure of viscoelastic polyurethane foams (VEF). For this purpose, the polyurethane foams containing EG, BCP, and EG with BCP were obtained. The content of EG varied in the range of 3–15 per hundred polyols (php), while the BCP content was 30 php. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the additional introduction of BCPs into EG-containing composites allows for an additive effect in improving the functional properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. As a result, the composite containing 30 php of BCP and 15 php of EG with the largest particle size and expanded volume shows the largest change in the studied parameters (hardness (H) = 2.65 kPa (+16.2%), limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 26% (+44.4%), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) = 15.5 kW/m2 (−87.4%)). In addition, this composite was characterized by the highest char yield (m600 = 17.9% (+44.1%)). In turn, the change in mechanical properties is related to a change in the physical and chemical structure of the foams as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

scholarly journals Composite Material of PDMS with Interchangeable Transmittance: Study of Optical, Mechanical Properties and Wettability

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Flaminio Sales ◽  
Andrews Souza ◽  
Ronaldo Ariati ◽  
Verônica Noronha ◽  
Elder Giovanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coating ◽  
Gravity Casting ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its unique properties such as transparency, biocompatibility, high flexibility, and physical and chemical stability. In addition, PDMS modification and combination with other materials can expand its range of applications. For instance, the ability to perform superhydrophobic coating allows for the manufacture of lenses. However, many of these processes are complex and expensive. One of the most promising modifications, which consists of the development of an interchangeable coating, capable of changing its optical characteristics according to some stimuli, has been underexplored. Thus, we report an experimental study of the mechanical and optical properties and wettability of pure PDMS and of two PDMS composites with the addition of 1% paraffin or beeswax using a gravity casting process. The composites’ tensile strength and hardness were lower when compared with pure PDMS. However, the contact angle was increased, reaching the highest values when using the paraffin additive. Additionally, these composites have shown interesting results for the spectrophotometry tests, i.e., the material changed its optical characteristics when heated, going from opaque at room temperature to transparent, with transmittance around 75%, at 70 °C. As a result, these materials have great potential for use in smart devices, such as sensors, due to its ability to change its transparency at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Modifier Types on the Physical–Mechanical Properties and Overall Migration of Post-Consumer Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites for Food Packaging

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Eliezer Velásquez ◽  
Sebastián Espinoza ◽  
Ximena Valenzuela ◽  
Luan Garrido ◽  
María José Galotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Organic Modifier ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The deterioration of the physical–mechanical properties and loss of the chemical safety of plastics after consumption are topics of concern for food packaging applications. Incorporating nanoclays is an alternative to improve the performance of recycled plastics. However, properties and overall migration from polymer/clay nanocomposites to food require to be evaluated case-by-case. This work aimed to investigate the effect of organic modifier types of clays on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties and the overall migration of nanocomposites based on 50/50 virgin and recycled post-consumer polypropylene blend (VPP/RPP) and organoclays for food packaging applications. The clay with the most hydrophobic organic modifier caused higher thermal stability of the nanocomposites and greater intercalation of polypropylene between clay mineral layers but increased the overall migration to a fatty food simulant. This migration value was higher from the 50/50 VPP/RPP film than from VPP. Nonetheless, clays reduced the migration and even more when the clay had greater hydrophilicity because of lower interactions between the nanocomposite and the fatty simulant. Conversely, nanocomposites and VPP/RPP control films exhibited low migration values in the acid and non-acid food simulants. Regarding tensile parameters, elongation at break values of PP film significantly increased with RPP addition, but the incorporation of organoclays reduced its ductility to values closer to the VPP.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Mechanical Properties of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene and Their Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Ildar I. Salakhov ◽  
Nadim M. Shaidullin ◽  
Anatoly E. Chalykh ◽  
Mikhail A. Matsko ◽  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Izod Impact

Low-temperature properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and their blends were studied. The analyzed low-temperature mechanical properties involve the deformation resistance and impact strength characteristics. HDPE is a bimodal ethylene/1-hexene copolymer; LDPE is a branched ethylene homopolymer containing short-chain branches of different length; LLDPE is a binary ethylene/1-butene copolymer and an ethylene/1-butene/1-hexene terpolymer. The samples of copolymers and their blends were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13С NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using testing machines equipped with a cryochamber. It is proposed that such parameters as “relative elongation at break at −45 °C” and “Izod impact strength at −40 °C” are used instead of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature to assess frost resistance properties because these parameters are more sensitive to deformation and impact at subzero temperatures for HDPE. LLDPE is shown to exhibit higher relative elongation at break at −45 °C and Izod impact strength at −20 ÷ 60 °C compared to those of LDPE. LLDPE terpolymer added to HDPE (at a content ≥ 25 wt.%) simultaneously increases flow properties and improves tensile properties of the blend at −45 °C. Changes in low-temperature properties as a function of molecular weight, MWD, crystallinity, and branch content were determined for HDPE, LLDPE, and their blends. The DMA data prove the resulting dependences. The reported findings allow one to understand and predict mechanical properties in the HDPE–LLDPE systems at subzero temperatures.

scholarly journals The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers-Reinforced Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites Modified by Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Rafał Malinowski ◽  
Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
Krzysztof Moraczewski ◽  
Wojciech Głuszewski ◽  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Radiation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hemp Fibers

The need for the development of new biodegradable materials and modification of the properties the current ones possess has essentially increased in recent years. The aim of this study was the comparison of changes occurring in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) due to its modification by high-energy electron beam derived from a linear electron accelerator, as well as the addition of natural fibers in the form of cut hemp fibers. Changes to the fibers structure in the obtained composites and the geometrical surface structure of sample fractures with the use of scanning electron microscopy were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined, including tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the modified PCL. It was found that PCL, modified with hemp fibers and/or electron radiation, exhibited enhanced flexural modulus but the elongation at break and impact strength decreased. Depending on the electron radiation dose and the hemp fibers content, tensile strength decreased or increased. It was also found that hemp fibers caused greater changes to the mechanical properties of PCL than electron radiation. The prepared composites exhibited uniform distribution of the dispersed phase in the polymer matrix and adequate adhesion at the interface between the two components.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on the Processing and Mechanical Properties of a Biodegradable Polyester

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Titone ◽  
Antonio Correnti ◽  
Francesco Paolo La Mantia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Biodegradable Polyester ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

This work is focused on the influence of moisture content on the processing and mechanical properties of a biodegradable polyester used for applications in injection molding. The pellets of the biodegradable polyester were exposed under different relative humidity conditions at a constant temperature before being compression molded. The compression-molded specimens were again placed under the above conditions before the mechanical testing. With all these samples, it is possible to determine the effect of moisture content on the processing and mechanical properties separately, as well as the combined effect of moisture content on the mechanical properties. The results obtained showed that the amount of absorbed water—both before processing and before mechanical testing—causes an increase in elongation at break and a slight reduction of the elastic modulus and tensile strength. These changes have been associated with possible hydrolytic degradation during the compression molding process and, in particular, with the plasticizing action of the moisture absorbed by the specimens.

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