Global Buckling Characteristics of Offshore Bundled Pipeline System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danar Tri Yurindatama ◽  
Nawin Singh ◽  
Vinod Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Actual Condition ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Global Buckling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract In recent years, the global buckling assessment of offshore pipelines in High Pressure-High Temperature (HPHT) condition become increasingly challenging since more complex pipeline system arrangement e.g. pipe(s) or cable(s) is strapped onto a larger pipeline, are rapidly utilized in many areas. Yet, the detailed guideline to assess the buckle of bundles remains unclear, therefore this study will focus to investigate on a methodical and reproducible approach to analyze in-service buckling behavior of bundled offshore pipeline system. The global buckling behavior of bundled offshore pipeline system in this study is investigated using commercial Finite Element (FE) software. Two carbon steel pipelines with different diameter are bundled and the buckling behavior is studied under the influence of buckle triggers. In the actual condition, the rogue buckle trigger is generated from OOS (out of straightness) or imperfection e.g. due to laying tolerance. Varying dimension parameter such as diameter ratio between the main pipeline and strapped pipeline are considered to understand the impact of this parameter on the buckle behavior. The study begins with a comparison of the results using numerical and analytical approaches on a straight pipeline in an unbuckled condition for validation purposes. The design parameters including wall thickness, process data, and pipe-soil interaction data, are varied since it influences the buckle behavior. In addition, some design parameter such as material properties and pipeline length will be adopted from a typical offshore pipeline project and the values are fixed so the exercise can focus on the most governing parameters. Following this, two numerical modelling methods, the equivalent properties method and the connector method, are presented in this study to simulate bundled systems. With a good agreement between the analytical and numerical approach, some buckle trigger is introduced on the numerical model of the bundled pipeline so the system is able to buckle and the behavior can be evaluated further. The strain level, lateral displacement, axial feed-in and pipe integrity shall be reported in the post-buckle conditions for both main pipe and strapped pipe as per current code and standard requirement. With more reliable results of buckling assessment for bundled pipeline system, it gives technical confidence and a major saving in both Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX). Industry has put serious effort through various Joint Industry Projects (JIP) to develop the global buckling assessment guideline in order to ensure long term integrity operation. Although the JIP guideline is predominantly for single pipeline system, similar assessment is demanded also for bundled pipeline system which described in this study. Key findings of the assessment are presented along with an overview of the design process and the typical mitigation techniques to be considered for similar subsea pipeline projects.

Global Buckling Assessment of High Pressure and High Temperature (HP/HT) Offshore Pipeline

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Ho Yang ◽  
Jong-Jin Jung ◽  
Yun-Hak Kim ◽  
Woo-Seob Lee ◽  
Jong-Bae Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Global Buckling ◽  
The Stability

In recent years, requirement for the consideration of global buckling due to high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) condition has increased in the detailed design of offshore pipelines on a seabed. The interaction between pipeline and seabed including support structures or sleepers gives a significant effect on buckling behavior. Global lateral buckling analysis has been carried out to assess the stability of offshore HP/HT pipelines considering the interaction between HP/HT submarine pipeline system/foundation structure and seabed. A non-linear finite element method is used in the present static analysis using the ABAQUS program. The FE model considers concrete sleepers as well as 3-D profile of the seabed. The stress distribution and lateral amplitude of the pipeline were evaluated and remedial measures were suggested to ensure that pipe stresses and strains are kept within allowable limits. Sleepers are designed as a buckle trigger which can provide artificial imperfection to allow pipe to move laterally and mitigate axial force. Comparative study could provide design strategy of pipeline related to sleeper supports.

Assessment of Parameters Influencing Lateral Buckling of Deep Subsea Pipe-in-Pipe Pipeline System Using Finite Element Modeling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Masood Haq ◽  
S. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Lateral Buckling ◽  
Global Buckling ◽  
External Forces

The operational requirements for subsea pipeline systems have progressed towards higher design temperatures and pressures (HTHP). To address flow assurance requirements, pipe-in-pipe systems have been developed. For pipelines laid on the seabed, or with partial embedment, the potential for lateral buckling; in response to operational loads, external forces and boundary conditions, has become a major factor in engineering design. The effective axial force is a key factor governing the global lateral buckling response that is influenced by parameters such as internal and external pressure, and operating and ambient temperature. Other design parameters that influence lateral buckling include global imperfections or out-of-straightness, pipe/soil interaction characteristics and installation conditions. Global buckling reduces the axial load capacity of the pipeline that may impair operations and exceed serviceability limit states. Results from a numerical parameter study on lateral buckling response of a subsea pipe-in-pipe (PIP) pipeline are presented. The parameters examined include pipe embedment, pipe out-of-straightness (OOS), soil shear strength, soil peak and residual forces and displacements, variation in soil properties distributed along the pipeline route, and external pressure associated with the installation depth. The observed pipe response was a complex relationship with these parameters and kinematic boundary conditions.

Expansion Design Philosophy to Prevent Buckle Walking at Very Uneven Seabed

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar T. Igland ◽  
Marit Irene Kvittem ◽  
Dmitry Vysochinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Continuous Survey ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Global Buckling

Subsea flowline development for a field on the Norwegian Continental Shelf comprises design of HP/HT flowlines for oil and gas transport from subsea manifolds. Flowline engineering faces several challenges related to flowlines crossing very uneven seabed. Among them is choosing an expansion design philosophy that minimizes the need for continuous survey and intervention work updates. Control of buckling behavior is ensured by use of rock berms. The standard design of the rock dumps according to [1] is based on buckle sharing criterion for axial friction capacity, which aims to control initiation of buckles. However, fulfilling the buckle sharing criterion alone does not provide sufficient control of pipeline behavior through the different operational conditions. In addition to buckle sharing criterion fulfillment [1], anchoring rock berms shall also ensure that the point of zero axial displacement is inside the berm for all operational conditions. This will give control over feed-in lengths and counter pipeline walking between sections. Criteria for ARBs are established, covering post buckle and shutdown conditions in addition to buckle sharing. Unstable buckle configuration during shutdown/start-up cycles is defined as buckle walking. Redistribution of feed-in between buckles is frequently observed as the cause of buckle walking. Use of uplift cover is avoided or minimized in order to eliminate extra axial friction and the uncertainty around such friction, and thus to guarantee that the sectioning by anchoring rock berms (ARBs) is working. Within each section between ARBs the axial force in the system is held at a minimum level by controlled buckling. The combination of isolated pipeline sections with minimum axial restraint within the section provides control over unstable buckling behavior. Thus the risk of unexpected buckles is minimized. This is particularly important for uneven seabed. 3D global buckling analyses are performed by ANSYS with upper bound, best estimate and lower bound design parameters for friction in accordance with [1] and capacity control for local buckling of pipeline in accordance with [2].

Investigation on Impact Performance of Light-Weight Composite Honeycomb Sandwich Panels

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 949-953
Author(s):  
Iwakawa Yutaka ◽  
Takahisa Machida ◽  
Mitsuo Kobayashi ◽  
Jian Mei He
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich ◽  
Honeycomb Sandwich Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationship between the impact performances of light-weight honeycomb sandwich composite panels with design parameters like panel cores and face’s thicknesses and materials, honeycomb foil thickness and cell size etc. are experimentally evaluated through the spindle falling tests. Analytical approaches are also carried out to confirm the validity of the experiments based on 3D modeling and using ANSYS LS-DYNA software. Comparisons of the experimental and analytical results are reported in this study.

Overview of the Lateral Buckling and Walking Designs of Deepwater Pipelines in Offshore Brazil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael F. Solano ◽  
Carlos O. Cardoso ◽  
Bruno R. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Lateral Buckling ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Buckling ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Abstract Last two decades have been marked by a significant evolution on the design of HP/HT subsea pipelines around the world. The HotPipe and SAFEBUCK JIPs can be seen as the first deepened developments in order to obtain safe design guidelines for subsea pipelines systems subjected to global buckling and walking behaviors. The adopted design approach have been to allow exposed pipeline buckles globally on seabed in a safe and controlled manner. Otherwise, the walking phenomenon has been in general mitigated constraining axial displacements by means of anchoring systems. After several design and installation challenges concerning lateral buckling and pipeline walking behaviors, nowadays there is a significant amount of deepwater pipelines operating with buckle initiators (triggers) as well as walking mitigation devices in offshore Brazil. Oil and gas pipelines, short gathering lines and long export lines, installed by reeling and J-lay methods, in other words different kinds of subsea pipelines have operated on very soft clayey soils and have formed planned lateral buckles as well as rogue buckles. This paper presents the main characteristics and design challenges of the deepwater pipelines subjected to the lateral buckling behavior, also highlighting mitigation measures to constrain the walking phenomenon of some pipelines. The relevant design results are highlighted as type and number of buckle triggers, buckle spacing, type and locations of walking mitigations. Envelopment of the main design parameters are mapped in order to identify some trends. Finally, survey images of operating pipelines are presented confirming behaviors predicted in the design phase.

scholarly journals Connectivity as a Design Feature for Industry 4.0 Production Equipment: Application for the Development of an In-Line Metrology System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Ana Pamela Castro-Martin ◽  
Horacio Ahuett-Garza ◽  
Darío Guamán-Lozada ◽  
Maria F. Márquez-Alderete ◽  
Pedro D. Urbina Coronado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Equipment Application ◽  
The Impact

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is built upon the capabilities of Internet of Things technologies that facilitate the recollection and processing of data. Originally conceived to improve the performance of manufacturing facilities, the field of application for I4.0 has expanded to reach most industrial sectors. To make the best use of the capabilities of I4.0, machine architectures and design paradigms have had to evolve. This is particularly important as the development of certain advanced manufacturing technologies has been passed from large companies to their subsidiaries and suppliers from around the world. This work discusses how design methodologies, such as those based on functional analysis, can incorporate new functions to enhance the architecture of machines. In particular, the article discusses how connectivity facilitates the development of smart manufacturing capabilities through the incorporation of I4.0 principles and resources that in turn improve the computing capacity available to machine controls and edge devices. These concepts are applied to the development of an in-line metrology station for automotive components. The impact on the design of the machine, particularly on the conception of the control, is analyzed. The resulting machine architecture allows for measurement of critical features of all parts as they are processed at the manufacturing floor, a critical operation in smart factories. Finally, this article discusses how the I4.0 infrastructure can be used to collect and process data to obtain useful information about the process.

Design of a Robust Memristive Spiking Neuromorphic System with Unsupervised Learning in Hardware

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Md Musabbir Adnan ◽  
Sagarvarma Sayyaparaju ◽  
Samuel D. Brown ◽  
Mst Shamim Ara Shawkat ◽  
Catherine D. Schuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
System Level ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Digital Pulse ◽  
Neuromorphic System ◽  
The Impact

Spiking neural networks (SNN) offer a power efficient, biologically plausible learning paradigm by encoding information into spikes. The discovery of the memristor has accelerated the progress of spiking neuromorphic systems, as the intrinsic plasticity of the device makes it an ideal candidate to mimic a biological synapse. Despite providing a nanoscale form factor, non-volatility, and low-power operation, memristors suffer from device-level non-idealities, which impact system-level performance. To address these issues, this article presents a memristive crossbar-based neuromorphic system using unsupervised learning with twin-memristor synapses, fully digital pulse width modulated spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and homeostasis neurons. The implemented single-layer SNN was applied to a pattern-recognition task of classifying handwritten-digits. The performance of the system was analyzed by varying design parameters such as number of training epochs, neurons, and capacitors. Furthermore, the impact of memristor device non-idealities, such as device-switching mismatch, aging, failure, and process variations, were investigated and the resilience of the proposed system was demonstrated.

Making Up 3D Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiona Hagen Niehaus ◽  
Rebecca Fiebrink
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the process of developing a software tool for digital artistic exploration of 3D human figures. Previously available software for modeling mesh-based 3D human figures restricts user output based on normative assumptions about the form that a body might take, particularly in terms of gender, race, and disability status, which are reinforced by ubiquitous use of range-limited sliders mapped to singular high-level design parameters. CreatorCustom, the software prototype created during this research, is designed to foreground an exploratory approach to modeling 3D human bodies, treating the digital body as a sculptural landscape rather than a presupposed form for rote technical representation. Building on prior research into serendipity in Human-Computer Interaction and 3D modeling systems for users at various levels of proficiency, among other areas, this research comprises two qualitative studies and investigation of the impact on the first author's artistic practice. Study 1 uses interviews and practice sessions to explore the practices of six queer artists working with the body and the language, materials, and actions they use in their practice; these then informed the design of the software tool. Study 2 investigates the usability, creativity support, and bodily implications of the software when used by thirteen artists in a workshop. These studies reveal the importance of exploration and unexpectedness in artistic practice, and a desire for experimental digital approaches to the human form.

scholarly journals Simulation Tests of a Cow Milking Machine—Analysis of Design Parameters

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Ewa Golisz ◽  
Adam Kupczyk ◽  
Maria Majkowska ◽  
Jędrzej Trajer
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Local Loss ◽  
Linear Drag ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Machine Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper was to create a mathematical model of vacuum drops in a form that enables the testing of the impact of design parameters of a milking cluster on the values of vacuum drops in the claw. Simulation tests of the milking cluster were conducted, with the use of a simplified model of vacuum drops in the form of a fourth-degree polynomial. Sensitivity analysis and a simulation of a model with a simplified structure of vacuum drops in the claw were carried out. As a result, the impact of the milking machine’s design parameters on the milking process could be analysed. The results showed that a change in the local loss and linear drag coefficient in the long milk duct will have a lower impact on vacuum drops if a smaller flux of inlet air, a higher head of the air/liquid mix, and a higher diameter of the long milk tube are used.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Design Optimization and Parametric Analysis of Symmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator for Photovoltaic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4606
Author(s):  
Faisal Masood ◽  
Perumal Nallagownden ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Javed Akhter ◽  
Mohammad Azad Alam
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Analysis ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Geometric Optimization ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Compound Parabolic Concentrator ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Half Angle ◽  
The Impact

A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a non-imaging device generally used in PV, thermal, or PV/thermal hybrid systems for the concentration of solar radiation on the target surface. This paper presents the geometric design, statistical modeling, parametric analysis, and geometric optimization of a two-dimensional low concentration symmetric compound parabolic concentrator for potential use in building-integrated and rooftop photovoltaic applications. The CPC was initially designed for a concentration ratio of “2×” and an acceptance half-angle of 30°. A MATLAB code was developed in house to provoke the CPC reflector’s profile. The height, aperture width, and concentration ratios were computed for different acceptance half-angles and receiver widths. The interdependence of optical concentration ratio and acceptance half-angle was demonstrated for a wide span of acceptance half-angles. The impact of the truncation ratio on the geometric parameters was investigated to identify the optimum truncation position. The profile of truncated CPC for different truncation positions was compared with full CPC. A detailed statistical analysis was performed to analyze the synergistic effects of independent design parameters on the responses using the response surface modeling approach. A set of optimized design parameters was obtained by establishing specified optimization criteria. A 50% truncated CPC with an acceptance half-angle of 21.58° and receiver width of 193.98 mm resulted in optimum geometric dimensions.

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