Clinical Characteristics of Bacterial Spectrum and Antimicrobial Resistance in Urine and Stone Cultures From Patients With Kidney Stone Disease

Abstract Background It is important to understand the clinical characteristics of bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance of urine and stone pathogens for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis and perioperative infection. Methods Consecutive patients with kidney stones treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) from September 2016 to September 2018 were included. The bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity test of the germs cultured from clean middle-stream urine and from stones intraoperatively were evaluated. Results In 1055 patients, the rate of positive bacterial test was higher in stones than in urine (337, 31.0% vs. 221, 20.9%, p=0.016). 167(15.8%) patients had both positive urine culture (UC) and stone culture (SC), of which 137 (82.0%) had identical bacteria in both cultures. In infection stone patients, the positive rate of bacteria was 34.7% (91/262) in urine and 52.3% (137/262) in stone, and in non-infection stone patients, was 16.4% (130/793) and 25.2% (200/793). The positive rate of SC in patients with different types of stones were higher than that of UC. E. coli was the most common organism not only in both UC (54.3% ,120/221) and SC (43.9%,148/337) but also in urine and stones from patients with infection stones (44.0%,32.8%) or non-infection stones (61.5%,51.8%). Furthermore, the pathogens isolated from urine and stones showed high resistance to fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime, β-lactamases and sulfonamides (all resistance>20%). Conclusions The bacterial spectra demonstrated in stones and urine samples were significantly different. Positive SC was more commonly encountered than positive UC. Compared with non-infection stones, infection stones were accompanied by higher rates of positive tests in both cultures. The antibiotic resistance was comparable between bacteria in the two cultures. A combination of antibiotic sensitivity results in urine and stones might be a useful guide for selection of effective and appropriate treatment aiming at reduced problems with bacterial antibiotic resistance.

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Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6020056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽

Karuna D. Sagili ◽

Wai Wai Han ◽

Henish Shakya ◽

Priyanka Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

College Teaching ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

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A Descriptive Study of Open Fractures Contaminated by Seawater: Infection, Pathogens, and Antibiotic Resistance

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/2796054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongyi Zhu ◽

Xingwei Li ◽

Xianyou Zheng

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Early Stage ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Wound Infection Rate ◽

Open Fractures ◽

Bacterial Spectrum ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Hospital Patients ◽

Seawater Contamination

Aims. In this work, the main objectives were to investigate the clinical characteristics and bacterial spectrum present in open fractures contaminated by seawater. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study and included all patients with open fractures from 1st January, 2012, to 31st December, 2015, in our hospital. Patients were grouped based on the presence of seawater contamination in wounds. We compared the infection rate, bacterial spectrum, and antibiotic resistance between the two groups. Results. We totally included 1337 cases of open fracture. Wounds from 107 cases (8.0%) were contaminated by seawater. The wound infection rate of seawater-contaminated group was significantly higher in patients with Gustilo-Anderson Type II and Type III open fractures. The bacterial spectrum from seawater-contaminated wounds was remarkably different from that of the remaining. Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that more than 90% of infecting pathogens in seawater-contaminated wounds were sensitive to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion. Cephalosporin in combination with quinolone was recommended in the early-stage management of open fractures contaminated by seawater.

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Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in a Cameroonian City

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2016/3240268 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rolf Nyah-tuku Nzalie ◽

Hortense Kamga Gonsu ◽

Sinata Koulla-Shiro

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Geographical Variations ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction. Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are usually treated empirically. Geographical variations in etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are common. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of UTIs. Our aim was to determine the major bacterial etiologies of CAUTIs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a cosmopolitan area of Cameroon for comparison with prescription practices of local physicians.Methods. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study at two main hospitals in Yaoundé, collecting a clean-catch mid-stream urine sample from 92 patients having a clinical diagnosis of UTI. The empirical antibiotherapy was noted, and identification of bacterial species was done on CLED agar; antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. A total of 55 patients had samples positive for a UTI. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were the most empirically prescribed antibiotics (30.9% and 23.6%, resp.); bacterial isolates showed high prevalence of resistance to both compounds.Escherichia coli(50.9%) was the most common pathogen, followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae(16.4%). Prevalence of resistance for ciprofloxacin was higher compared to newer quinolones.Conclusions.E. coliandK. pneumoniaewere the predominant bacterial etiologies; the prevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was high.

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Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria spp. associated with seafoods from fish catchment areas in Kerala, India

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.777-783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 777-783

Author(s):

K. Vrinda Menon ◽

B. Sunil ◽

C. Latha

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Fresh Fish ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Catchment Areas ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Serotype 4B

Background and Aim: Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been implicated as a cause of several foodborne outbreaks. This study aimed to generate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Listeria species isolated from seafood. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 samples of fresh fish, 100 samples of dry fish and 200 samples each of crustaceans and mollusks were collected from the fish catchment areas. All the samples were subjected to isolation and identification of Listeria spp. by two-step enrichment in UVM broth and plating on selective agar media (PALCAM) and then subjected to molecular characterization. L. monocytogenes isolates obtained during the study were subjected to serotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were also subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. Results: The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in seafoods in the present study was 0.55%. The isolates of L. monocytogenes were found to possess all virulence genes, namely, iap, hlyA, actA, prfA, plcA, and inlA. All the isolates belonged to serotype 4b. The occurrence of Listeria innocua was found to be more and was detected in 16.77% of seafoods samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all isolates were resistant to cefixime but were sensitive to almost all other commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion: The presence of Listeria spp. in raw seafood samples augments the need for implementation of good hygienic practices during the handling and processing of seafoods to safeguard the health of the consumers.

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Bacterial Fish Diseases in some Semi-close Aquaculture Systems in Basrah Province, Iraq

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2019.258 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 75-84

Author(s):

Abdul Amer R. Jassim ◽

Diana B. Abdulhameed ◽

Nadia R. Al Shammari

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Aeromonas Sobria ◽

Bacterial Gill Disease ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Gill Disease

The object of this study was to detect the bacterial species that founded in infected common carps Cyprinus carpio in semi-closed systems in two districts of Basrah province. Bacterial gill disease, skin ulcer disease and intestine inflammatory disease were recorded. In the present study, Aeromonas sobria (38.46) was the predominant species, followed by Citrobacter freundii (29.23), Vibrio cholerae (21.53) and Serratia fonticola (10.76%). Identification of the isolates was carried out depending on the morphology of colony, specific media and identification using VITEK 2 system (Biomerieux- USA). Five antibiotic discs were used for antibiotic sensitivity test by the disk diffusion method. A. sobria was sensitive to Nitrofurantion, V. cholerae was sensitive to Ampicillin, C. freundii was resistance for all antibiotics while S. fonticola was sensitive to Gentamicin. This study represented the first investigation in Iraq on bacterial isolates from semi- closed system.

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Isolation, Identification of Bacterial Species Causing Chronic suppurative Otitis Media and Detection Some of Their Virulence Factors

Tikrit Journal of Pure Science ◽

10.25130/j.v24i7.910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Yumna Shaker Mahmood1 ◽

Suha Maher Abed1 ◽

Amar Mohammed Alwan2

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Age Groups ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Almost All

The study is conducted to diagnose the aerobic bacterial species causing chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), reveal the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and detect some of their virulence factors. Samples were collected during the period from June till December 2018. From a total of eighty-two patients admitted to Samarra Hospital and outpatient clinics of both genders with different age groups, 82 bacterial culture are recovered using a cotton swab. Identification of bacterial isolates is performed depending on micro and macroscopic cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Results of the current work show that the highest infection rates are at the age groups >1 to 5 and 11 to 20 years by (20%). Among eight bacterial species isolated in the current study (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K.pneumonia, S.epidermidis, E.coli, P.vulgaris, C. freundii, E. Cloacae), S. aureus had scored the highest rate (41%) of the total infections while the lowest rate was scored by E.Cloacae(1%). The antibiotic sensitivity test suggests that almost all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and meropenem (96% and 94% respectively) while they were resistant to Cefixime. The ability of bacteria is isolated from CSOM to produce biofilm and some virulence factors (gelatinase, hemolysin, DNase, urease) are investigated the virulence factor results revealed that. S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, K. pneumonia had the ability to produce biofilm and S. aureus, P. aeruginosa have the ability the highest production for the majority of virulence factors. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.128

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Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiling of Escherichia coli Isolated from Human Sewage Samples

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.1177/11786361211016808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863612110168

Author(s):

Sanjida Akter ◽

A. M. Masudul Azad Chowdhury ◽

Sohana Akter Mina

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Plasmid Profiling ◽

As Relationship

In developing countries, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance is increasing day by day and antibiotic resistant microorganisms are being found in almost every environmental setting. Plasmids are considered as the main vector in the procurement and propagation of antibiotic resistance in many microorganisms such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli). The goal of this study was to examine the antibiotic resistance and screening of plasmid in E. coli strains which were previously identified from human sewage samples. During this study antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 5 antibiotics (ampicilin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin). Furthermore, plasmid extraction of each isolate was done according to the protocol of FavorPrepTMPlasmid Mini Kit and plasmid profiling was done by agarose gel electrophoresis. In antibiotic sensitivity test, all E. coli strains showed resistance to ampicilin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone. In the plasmid profiling, it was revealed that all the isolates of E. coli harbored plasmids. The plasmid sizes ranged from approximately 1.5 to 15 kb. The findings of this study prove the consequences of antibiotic resistance as well as relationship of plasmid with antibiotic resistance which necessitates proper surveillance on antibiotic usage in the developing countries.

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Antibiotic Sensitivity Test on Staphylococcus Aureus Detected in Sputum of Patients with Pneumonia Treated in Hospitals

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v5i1.9267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Dini Agustina ◽

Diana Chusna Mufida ◽

Hanifa Rizki A.S. ◽

Dion Krismashogi Dharmawan

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Mortality Incidence ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Positive Coccus

Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection that attacks the pulmonary parenchyma. This disease can be caused by bacteria, one of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics have an important role to play in reducing the morbidity and mortality incidence of pneumonia, but currently, the incidence of resistance antibiotics is increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of antibiotics Staphylococcus aureus in pneumatic sputum patients. The design of this study was observational descriptive, using sputum samples from pneumonia patients in Subandi and Paru Jember hospitals in November to December 2018. The identification of bacteria in sputum was continued by testing the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics. The antibiotics used in this study were chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin, levofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin — data obtained in the frequency distribution table. Of the ten sputum that was successfully cultured, four Gram-negative bacilli bacteria and six Gram-positive coccus bacteria were obtained. The results approved the six Gram-positive coccus bacteria, detected as Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to ampicillin-sulbactam was high. Keywords: antibiotic sensitivity, bacteria, pneumonia

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SENSITIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI YANG DIISOLASI DARI UDANG DI PASAR KEPUTRAN SURABAYA

JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER ◽

10.35508/jkv.v7i2.1978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Reina Puspita Rahmaniar ◽

Dyah Widhowati ◽

Nurul Hidayah

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

The aimed of this study was to identify antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Shrimp. There were 20 samples taken and isolated on surface of Eosin Methilen Blue Agar. E.coli produced metalic green colonies. Samples identified as E.coli based on macroscopic features and morphology of colonies, microscopic examination with gram staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined through a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion test. The results of this study showed that 9 samples were bacteria of the spesies E. coli. Based on the results of antibiotic sensitivity test, it was found that 100 % of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin 20 µg and 22,2 % of isolates are resistant to ampicillin 10 µg. Antibiotics Tetracycline 30 µg and Chloramphenicol 30 µg were 100 % sensitive. Gentamicin 10 µg showed that 77,8 % sensitive and 22,2 % intermediet. The precence of antibiotic resistance of betalaktam antibiotics makes it especially important to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of E.coli isolated from shrimp, because new mechanisms of resistance occurring in animals may enter the food chain and its be transferred to the human. This importance of cooperation between sectors in order to monitor antimicrobial resistance.

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Detection of qnrS and tetA resistance coding genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosaof egg-laying hens farmin Cianjur Regency, West Java

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.24815/jn.v21i2.20584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 64-71

Author(s):

FAUZAN ARISANDI ◽

SAFIKA . SAFIKA ◽

FACHRIYAN HASMI PASARIBU

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cloacal Swab ◽

Egg Laying ◽

West Java ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

The use of antibiotics is an alternative to reduce disease incidence and is used to increase egg-laying hens. This study aims to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance to resistance coding genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The cloacal swab samples were collected randomly as many 66 samples from several egg-laying hens farms in Cianjur Regency, West Java. The collected isolates were examined bacteriologically. The results of the antibiotic sensitivity test of 8 samples (12.1%) of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the resistance level of antibiotics class tetracycline (tetracycline50%, oxytetracycline75%, and doxycycline50%), fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin 12.5%), and phenicol (chloramphenicol 12.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to tetracyclines, oxytetracyclines, doxycycline, enrofloxacin and is sensitive to chloramphenicol. The detection of resistance coding genes showed the genes amount of tetA (62.5%) and qnrS (75%). Efforts to determine the level of resistance and use of antibiotics in farms need regular surveillance and monitoring to ensure the wise use of antibiotics.

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