Molecular Detection of Enteric Viruses in Under-Five Children with Diarrhea in Debre Tabore, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aschalew Gelaw ◽  
Uwe G. Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Viral gastroenteritis belongs to the major public health problems of infant and children worldwide. The largest proportion of morbidity and mortality occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa. This preliminary study aimed to assess the burden and genetic diversity of enteric viruses among children with diarrhea in Debre Tabore. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from December 2015 to April 2016. A total of thirty-eight children, who presented with diarrhea at Debre Tabore health centers were included. Fecal samples were collected and screened for enteric viruses by RT-PCR. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistical summary techniques were used to display the study findings. Out of the thirty-eight children screened, 52.6% were positive for at least one enteric virus. Six (30.0%) of the children had mixed enteric virus infections. Human adenovirus (HAdV) 7 (18.4%) was predominant followed by noroviruses 5 (13.2%), enterovirus 5 (13.2%), rotavirus 4 (10.5%), human astrovirus (HAstV) 2 (5.3%), and human parechovirus (HPeV) 1(2.6%). Overall nineteen different types of enteric virus genotypes were identified. Diverse adenovirus within species A (HAdV-12,-31), B (HAdV-3), C (HAdV-2), and F (HAdV-4) were detected. Norovirus II (GII.4 and GII.6) and norovirus I (GI.2, GI.3, and GI.5) genotypes were found. Sapovirus genotypes within genogroup II (GII.1, GII.5, and GII.6) were identified. Wild-type rotavirus G9[P8] genotype was detected in one of the rotavirus positive samples. Non-polio enteroviruses within species A (coxsackie A virus (CAV) 5, CAV6, and CAV14) and C (enterovirus (EV-C) 99) were also identified. HPeV-6 genotype was identified in one of the samples. In two of the fecal samples, classic HAstV-2 was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of these enteric viruses revealed that they have close phylogenetic relatedness with previous genotypes reported from Ethiopia. Diverse enteric viruses were detected in fecal samples from under-five children with diarrhea. The detection of heterogeneous enteric viruses in this small data set highlights the need for extended multicenter studies to describe the burden and genetic diversity.

Prevalence of anaemia and it's associated risk factors among under five children at Mukinge Missions Hospital in Kasempa District: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Sampa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

BACKGROUND Anemia is a worldwide major problem known to affect people throughout the world. It has an adverse effect on both the social and economic development. The worldwide prevalence of anemia is 9% in developed nations. The global estimate indicates that 293.1 million of children under five years, approximately 43%, are anaemic worldwide and 28.5% of these children are found in sub Saharan Africa. In Zambia specifically Kasempa, no documented studies on prevalence have been done. Despite iron supplementation being given to pregnant women and the availability of blood transfusion. The burden of the disease remains high as determined by high mortality and morbidity. This study aims at determining the prevalence of anemia and the associated risk factors among under-five children at Mukinge Mission Hospital in Kasempa District. Knowledge of prevalence and the associated risk factors of anaemia will enhance early detection and timely management. OBJECTIVE 1.To determine the hemoglobin status of anaemia by its severity among anaemic under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. 2.To assess the association of anaemia with Malaria among under-five children admitted at Mukinge Mission Hospital. METHODS This was a retrospective study review of under-five children that were diagnosed and managed of Anemia at Mukinge Missions Hospital, over the period of period of 2015, 2017 and 2018. .Data of the variables of interest was extracted and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS A sample population of 52 children was included in our study. The majority of the children were females 28 (53.8 %) and 24 (46.2 %) were Males. It was found that moderate and severe anaemia was 17.3% and 82.7 % respectively. Additionally, Majority of the anaemic children (75%) had Normocytic anaemia. The Pearson Chi square test revealed no statistical relationship between the variables; Malaria (p=0.58), Age (P=0.82), Gender (P=0.91). CONCLUSIONS According to our study, 39 (75%) had normal mean corpuscular volume which could suggest chronic diseases and sickle cell anemia. 11 (21.2%) had a low mean corpuscular volume indicating Microcytic anemia which could suggest diseases such as iron deficiency and thalassemia among many other causes. However, we were unable to determine the specific cause of anemia.

scholarly journals Enteric Viruses and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Georges Tarris ◽  
Alexis de Rougemont ◽  
Maëva Charkaoui ◽  
Christophe Michiels ◽  
Laurent Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a multifactorial disease in which dietary, genetic, immunological, and microbial factors are at play. The role of enteric viruses in IBD remains only partially explored. To date, epidemiological studies have not fully described the role of enteric viruses in inflammatory flare-ups, especially that of human noroviruses and rotaviruses, which are the main causative agents of viral gastroenteritis. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the association between IBD, polymorphisms of the FUT2 and FUT3 genes (which drive the synthesis of histo-blood group antigens), and ligands for norovirus and rotavirus in the intestine. The role of autophagy in defensin-deficient Paneth cells and the perturbations of cytokine secretion in T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 inflammatory pathways following enteric virus infections have been demonstrated as well. Enteric virus interactions with commensal bacteria could play a significant role in the modulation of enteric virus infections in IBD. Based on the currently incomplete knowledge of the complex phenomena underlying IBD pathogenesis, future studies using multi-sampling and data integration combined with new techniques such as human intestinal enteroids could help to decipher the role of enteric viruses in IBD.

Geographical disparities and determinants of childhood diarrheal illness in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmamaw Atnafu ◽  
Malede Mequanent Sisay ◽  
Getu Debalkie Demissie ◽  
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Childhood diarrheal illness is the second leading cause of child mortality in Sub Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Studies hypothesized that there are regional variations. Thus, the study aimed to examine the spatial variations and to identify the determinants of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Methods: Data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was analyzed. This nationwide survey involved 10,337 children below 5 years old. The survey was carried out using a two-stage stratified sampling design. Moran’s I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. Descriptive statistics followed by a mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. Results: Overall, 11.87% of children were experienced childhood diarrheal illness. The study reveals high-risk areas were Southern and central Ethiopia, while eastern and west were indicated as low-risk regions. Younger children were more likely to suffer from childhood diarrhea than their older counterparts: age 6 to 12, 12 to 23, and 24 to 35 months were (AOR = 2.66, (95% CI 2.01, 3.52)), (AOR = 2.45, (95% CI 1.89, 3.17)), and (AOR = 1.53, (95% CI 1.17, 2.01)), respectively. Children living in Tigray (AOR= 1.69 (95% CI, 1.01, 2.83)), Amhara (AOR = 1.80, (95% CI, 1.06, 3.06), SNNPR (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.22, 3.42), and Gambela (AOR = 2.05, (95% CI 1.22, 3.42)), faced greater risk than Addis Ababa city. The odds of getting diarrhea is decreased by 24% among households having ≥3 under-five children as compared to households having only one under-five child (AOR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.94)). The odds of children getting diarrheal illness among working mothers increase by 19% as compared to not working (AOR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.03, 1.38)). Conclusions: childhood diarrheal illness is highly prevalent among under-five children, particularly in SNNP, Gambella, Oromia, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Capacity building programs with best experience sharing and better household environment may prove effective in reducing the incidence of childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia. Keywords: Spatial statistics, Ethiopia, under-five children, Diarrhea, Generalized Mixed Model

scholarly journals Fecal Components Modulate Human Astrovirus Infectivity in Cells and Reconstituted Intestinal Tissues

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Pérez-Rodriguez ◽  
Gael Vieille ◽  
Lara Turin ◽  
Soner Yildiz ◽  
Caroline Tapparel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Viral Genotype ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Human Astroviruses ◽  
Human Astrovirus

ABSTRACT Human astroviruses (HAstV) are among the most common causative agents of viral gastroenteritis, especially in children, and extraintestinal manifestations have also been described. These viruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, implying that stool composition and the gut microbiota may impact their ability to remain infectious. For some enteric viruses, individual bacterial envelope components and other polysaccharide-containing molecules, which are abundant in stools, have been shown to enhance capsid stability. However, the role of the complex stool environment and, most importantly, the role of interindividual differences have been poorly studied. We used HAstV as a model to investigate how the stool environment in itself, its interindividual variability, and some specific stool components could affect HAstV stability and infectivity. Using two different HAstV genotypes, we found that stools as a whole modulate astrovirus infectivity not only in an individual-dependent manner but also in a manner that depends on the viral genotype. A virus-protective effect was observed after incubation with various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as with bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. These results were further confirmed in human intestinal tissues, a more physiologically relevant system. Astrovirus infectivity was also preserved by mucin, a major component of intestinal mucus. We further confirmed that these components stabilize the viral capsid. These results show that although HAstV benefits from the stabilizing effect of fecal components, the complexity and variability of the stool composition and the multiple potential interactions may explain the interindividual differences in viral transmission observed in real life. IMPORTANCE To ensure transmission, enteric viruses must maintain their infectivity during the various environmental challenges that they face in transit within and between hosts. Increased knowledge of the factors affecting enteric virus survival may help to control their transmission. This study reveals that specific fecal bacterial components preserve classic human astrovirus infectivity by stabilizing viral particles. However, the outcomes of stool-virus interactions are very variable, ranging from protection to a reduction of viral infectivity, depending on the viral genotype and the individual from whom the stool has been collected. We show that the transmissibility of enteric viruses is dependent on the intestinal contents of the infected individual and highlight the complex multiple interactions that could explain the stochastic nature of enteric virus transmission in humans.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Factors Contributing to Child Malnutrition among Mothers of Under-five Children in Sokoto Metropolis, North-West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
I.A. Raji ◽  
A.U. Abubakar ◽  
M.M. Bello ◽  
A.Z. Ezenwoko ◽  
Z.B. Suleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Malnutrition remains a killer of children, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, malnutrition is among the top five killers of children under five years of age. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of factors contributing to child malnutrition among mothers of under-fives.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 mothers of under-five children who were selected using a multistage sampling technique from January to March 2018. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS® version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) in cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analysis, respectively, were estimated.Results: More than half, 198 (57.0%) were aged 40 years and below. Most, 324 (93.4%) of the respondents were Hausas, with only 45 (13.0%) having tertiary education. Majority of the respondents, 326 (93.9%) knew that diarrhoea-causing diseases could lead to malnutrition. About two-thirds, 222 (64.0%) knew that deworming could protect a child from malnutrition. Less than half, 169 (48.7%) did not know that overeating starchy food can cause malnutrition. Overall, majority 216 [62.2% (95% CI = 56.9% - 67.4%)] of the respondents had good knowledge of factors associated with malnutrition. There were no statistically significant predictors of knowledge of factors contributing to malnutrition.Conclusion: Mothers of under-five children in Sokoto metropolis had a high level of knowledge of the factors contributing to child malnutrition. However, there is still a need to continue educating mothers of under-five children on the importance of maintaining proper nutrition for their children. Keywords: Awareness; Factors; Knowledge; Malnutrition; Mothers; Under-five

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated risk factors among children under five years old in Pader district, Northern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Omona ◽  
Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga ◽  
Robert Opoke ◽  
Geoffrey Openy ◽  
Robert Opiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Diarrhoea ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Pader District

Abstract Background : Diarrhoea remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. Of the three East African countries, Uganda has the worst mortality rate in children < 5 years, with 22% of these deaths attributed to diarrhoea. For proper planning and implementation of control, an understanding of the prevalence and determinants of the disease is crucial. This study assessed the prevalence of diarrhoea and related risk factors among children < 5 years in Pajule sub-county, Pader district in northern Uganda. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2018, covering 244 randomly selected households having children < 5 years old in the study area. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the households about diarrhoeal history in their children in the last two weeks preceding the survey, and on the risk factors predisposing children to diarrhoeal infections. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 was used to identify the risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoeal disease. Results : We found a prevalence of diarrhoea of 29.1% [95% CI (23.7–35.0)] among under-five children in Pajule sub-county during the two weeks preceding the survey. Use of unprotected water source, age of child caretaker, child weaning time and family size had significant associations with diarrheal morbidity. Conclusion : The prevalence of childhood diarrhoea among children < 5 years of age in a rural setting of Pajule sub-county was higher than the Ugandan national average. Use of unprotected water sources, age of child caretaker, child weaning time and family size were identified as predictors of diarrhoeal occurrence. These findings underscore the need for improving access to clean water and providing community health education as the best methods for fighting childhood diarrhoea in the study area.

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of severe acute malnutrition and Predictors of Recovery in Under-Five children treated within Outpatient Therapeutic Program in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebenay Workneh Workneh Bitew ◽  
Ayinalem Alemu ◽  
Teshager Worku
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Feeding Programs

Abstract Introduction Severe acute malnutrition affects around 17 million under-five children in the world, of which the highest burden is accounted by Sub-Saharan Africa where Ethiopia is found. Besides few individualized, inconsistent and inconclusive studies, there is no nationally representative study conducted on treatment outcomes of SAM in outpatient therapeutic feeding programs in Ethiopia. This study aimed at estimating the pooled treatment outcomes and predictors of recovery rate among under- five children with SAM in Ethiopia. Methods Both electronic databases (PubMed, Medline (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), web of science, Scopus, Science Direct and Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA)) and grey literature sources (Google scholar, Mednar, World Cat and google) were used to retrieve articles. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled treatment outcomes. Hazard ratios were used to determine the predictors of recovery rate. Cochran’s Q, I 2 , and univariate Meta regression were done for heterogeneity as well as Begg’s & Egger’s tests for publication bias. Results Nineteen articles with a total number of 23395 under-five children with SAM were used for this meta-analysis. The pooled recovery, death, defaulter and non-recovery rates were 70% (95% CI: 64.45, 75.72), 1.69% (95% CI: 1.06, 2.31), 9.7% (95%CI: 7, 12.4), 15.14% (95% CI: 10.11, 20.16), respectively. Diarrhea (HR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94), no edema (HR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.50) and amoxicillin (HR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.44) were independent predictors of recovery rate of children with SAM in Ethiopia. Publication year was found to be the potential source of heterogeneity among the included studies. Conclusion The treatment outcomes of children with SAM from outpatient therapeutic feeding programs of Ethiopia are lower than the sphere guidelines, WHO and national recommendations. Diarrhea and no edema antagonized the recovery rate of children while amoxicillin enhanced the recovery rate of children from SAM. Community health workers need to be trained. Especial attention should be given while treating children with diarrhea and severe wasting. Community mobilization is also recommended to increase community awareness about the therapeutic foods.

scholarly journals Diarrhea and associated factors among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 34 sub-Saharan countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257522
Author(s):  
Getu Debalkie Demissie ◽  
Yigizie Yeshaw ◽  
Wallelign Aleminew ◽  
Yonas Akalu
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction Diarrhea is responsible for the death of more than 90% of under-five children in low and lower-middle income countries. Regionally, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 88% of deaths with the same age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among children under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The appended, most recent demographic and health survey datasets of 34 sub-Saharan African countries were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in the region. A total weighted sample of 330,866 under-five children were included in the study. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were done to determine the associated factors of diarrhea among under five children in sub-Saharan Africa. The Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated for those potential factors included in the final model. Result The overall prevalence of diarrhea in this study was 15.3% (95% CI: 15.1–15.4). Those children of mothers aged 15–24 (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.30) and 25–34 years (AOR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.18), those children of mothers with no education (AOR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.57–1.82), primary education (AOR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.61–1.86) and secondary education (AOR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.38–1.59) had higher odds of having diarrhea. Those children from poorest (AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.19), poorer (AOR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.08–1.17), middle (AOR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.10), and richer (AOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.04–1.12) households had higher chance of having diarrhea compared to their counterparts. Conclusion This study found that the prevalence of childhood diarrhea morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Maternal age, wealth index, maternal education, maternal occupation, age of child, time of initiation of breast feeding and time to get water source were significantly associated with diarrhea. Therefore, intervention through health education and health promotion for mothers/caretakers who are poor, less educated, and young should be designed to prevent diarrhea in the region.

scholarly journals Impact of Socio-Demographic factors on survival of under-five children in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Abdulmumeen Adekunle Issa ◽  
Waheed Babatunde Yahya ◽  
Eyitayo Tejumola Jolayemi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Survival Status

A number of discussions on mortality or survival patterns of under-five children in Nigeria have been presented in the literature over years, most of which were characterized by descriptive analysis, in which facts were reported by percentages, ratio and measures of association to mention a few.  In this study, binary logistic regression model was employed to model the survival status (dead or alive) of under-five children in Nigeria as a function of some socio-demographic variables. Results from this study revealed that ten socio-demographic variables among several others were significantly associated with the survivals of under-five children in Nigeria. Specifically, the results showed that children that were born in urban area, that were exclusively breastfed, that were among the first four children in the family, whose mothers have secondary education and post-secondary education have significant increased odds, to about 27%, 580%, 20%, 22% and 102% respectively, of surviving beyond age five than their counterparts in the reference categories of the above identified risk factors (odds ratio is 1.271(p < 0.0001 for urban), 6.810 (p<0.0001 for breastfeeding), 1.197 (p < 0.0001 for birth order), 1.225 (p = 0.001 for secondary education) and 2.023 (p < 0.0001 for higher education)). Results from this work indicated that more enlightenment program is required to stem the alarming increase in under-five mortality rate in Nigeria which currently stood at 112%. Data set from Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) report for 2008 was employed in this study.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species in Humans and Animals in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Gahamanyi ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Mecky I. Matee ◽  
Dieudonné Mutangana ◽  
Erick V. G. Komba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sub Saharan

Thermophilic Campylobacter species are clinically important aetiologies of gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. The colonization of different animal reservoirs by Campylobacter poses an important risk for humans through shedding of the pathogen in livestock waste and contamination of water sources, environment, and food. A review of published articles was conducted to obtain information on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter species in humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Electronic databases, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research4life-HINARI Health, and Researchgate.net, were searched using the following search terms “thermophilic Campylobacter,” “Campylobacter jejuni,” “Campylobacter coli,” “diarrhea/diarrhoea,” “antimicrobial resistance,” “antibiotic resistance,” “humans,” “animals,” “Sub-Saharan Africa,” and “a specific country name.” Initially, a total of 614 articles were identified, and the lists of references were screened in which 22 more articles were identified. After screening, 33 articles on humans and 34 on animals and animal products were included in this review. In humans, Nigeria reported the highest prevalence (62.7%), followed by Malawi (21%) and South Africa (20.3%). For Campylobacter infections in under-five children, Kenya reported 16.4%, followed by Rwanda (15.5%) and Ethiopia (14.5%). The country-level mean prevalence in all ages and under-five children was 18.6% and 9.4%, respectively. The prevalence ranged from 1.7%–62.7% in humans and 1.2%–80% in animals. The most reported species were C. jejuni and C. coli. The AMR to commonly used antimicrobials ranged from 0–100% in both humans and animals. Poultry consumption and drinking surface water were the main risk factors for campylobacteriosis. The present review provides evidence of thermophilic Campylobacter occurrence in humans and animals and high levels of AMR in SSA, emphasizing the need for strengthening both national and regional multisectoral antimicrobial resistance standard surveillance protocols to curb both the campylobacteriosis burden and increase of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

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