scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents For Efficient Processing of Renewable Resources Into Sustainable Biofuels and High Value-Added Carbon-Based Fine Chemicals: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Chung (Oliver) Lin ◽  
Kassian T.T. Amesho ◽  
S. Venkata Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract Green chemistry techniques for the exploitation of renewable resources have emerged as beneficial techniques for producing sustainable biofuels and high value-added carbon-based fine chemicals with the potential to decrease the impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment. Despite various green chemistry technologies for processing renewable resources into different valuable products, there are still several major issues concerning the pretreatment processes and techniques, such as high cost and high-energy consumption. Thankfully, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a potentially attractive “green solvent” biodegradable substitute to environmentally harmful organic solvents, have been progressively exploited for renewable resources processing. Therefore, the central focus of this review is to present recent developments and challenges of DESs as processing green solvents for renewable resources. We believe this comprehensive review will provide new insights towards developing state-of-the-art sustainable and new green technologies for the efficient processing of renewable resources for sustainable biofuels and value-added carbon-based fine chemicals.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microelectronics on High Energy Physics Innovation: The Role of 65 nm CMOS Technology on New Generation Particle Detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Physics

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will constitute a new frontier for the particle physics after the year 2027. Experiments will undertake a major upgrade in order to stand this challenge: the use of innovative sensors and electronics will have a main role in this. This paper describes the recent developments in 65 nm CMOS technology for readout ASIC chips in future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. These allow unprecedented performance in terms of speed, noise, power consumption and granularity of the tracking detectors.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization on the selected aspects of the regional marketing

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Renáta Bundzíková ◽  
Denisa Jánošová
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Impact

Research background: In today’s globalized world, tourism is considered to be one of the fastest-growing sectors in the field of service. Tourism continuously adapts to various new activities, trends, markets and technologies. Tourism is affected by several factors - mainly globalization trends, consumers and economic gain. Regional development experts consider tourism as one of the tools that can support the quality of the environment and thus protect existing aboriginal cultures. Tourism itself is considered to be a global phenomenon currently being studied by experts from several scientific disciplines. Globalization plays an important role when traveling to world tourism destinations. With globalization coming to the forefront, people began to realize how small the world is. However, high demands on the environment, the constant use of non-renewable resources, the destruction of cultural values of society and other adverse effects of tourism are not signs of sustainability. Various international organizations are trying to solve these issues by creating specific programs aimed at promoting sustainable tourism. Purpose of the article: The main goal of our paper is to identify and analyse indicators of sustainable tourism, specifically in the Trenčín region in Slovakia. Methods: The main goal of the paper is to critically evaluate the results of the analysis and formulate recommendations for implementation in practice in the Trenčín region based on the available data. Findings & Value added: We consider regional development and its connected, sustainable tourism to be an essential topic. It is necessary for regions to become active in their future development, not only economically and socially, but also ecologically.

scholarly journals From CO2 to Value-Added Products: A Review about Carbon-Based Materials for Electro-Chemical CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Lilian D. Ramírez-Valencia ◽  
Esther Bailón-García ◽  
Francisco Carrasco-Marín ◽  
Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Carbon Based

The global warming and the dangerous climate change arising from the massive emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels have motivated the search for alternative clean and sustainable energy sources. However, the industrial development and population necessities make the decoupling of economic growth from fossil fuels unimaginable and, consequently, the capture and conversion of CO2 to fuels seems to be, nowadays, one of the most promising and attractive solutions in a world with high energy demand. In this respect, the electrochemical CO2 conversion using renewable electricity provides a promising solution. However, faradaic efficiency of common electro-catalysts is low, and therefore, the design of highly selective, energy-efficient, and cost-effective electrocatalysts is critical. Carbon-based materials present some advantages such as relatively low cost and renewability, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable textural and chemical surface, which show them as competitive materials for the electro-reduction of CO2. In this review, an overview of the recent progress of carbon-based electro-catalysts in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products is presented, focusing on the role of the different carbon properties, which provides a useful understanding for the materials design progress in this field. Development opportunities and challenges in the field are also summarized.

scholarly journals Calculation and evaluation of industrial carbon footprint of cotton denim jacket

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110203
Author(s):  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Hui-e Liang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The Impact

Carbon footprint (CFP) reflects the greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities or products throughout the life cycle, which is an important tool for assessing and managing greenhouse gas pollution. The reduction of Carbon footprint is an important topic today, and each of us needs to minimize our CFP in order to protect our planet. In this paper, the basic cotton denim jackets was played an research object roles to exploring the impact on the environment during the process of producing cotton denim jackets. Which based on the theory of industrial carbon footprint and combing with the production process chain of denim jackets, setting the accounting boundaries and functional units, the denim jacket can be divided into cutting, sewing, and finishing the three links in industrial production of carbon footprint. With the calculation and analyzation industrial carbon footprint of the denim jacket. The results show that the carbon footprint of denim jackets exceeds 1000 kg CO2 during the cycle from cutting to sewing and finishing. The largest carbon footprint is generated in the sewing process, which are about twice as high as the cutting process. The carbon footprint emissions of each piece of denim jacket is 1.75 kg CO2. Therefore, optimizing the production line in the sewing process, adopting high energy-efficient processing equipment and clean energy can better reduce the industrial carbon footprint of denim clothing. It also provided reference and basis for the supervision and evaluation of carbon emission by clothing manufacturers

Theory and Method and the Stakes of a Fragmented Discipline: Or, What Economics Taught Me About the Study of Religion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Study

Abstract As a discipline, the academic study of religion is strikingly fragmented, with little engagement or shared criteria of excellence across subfields. Although important recent developments have expanded the traditions and peoples studied as well as the methods used, the current extent of fragmentation limits the impact of this diversification and pluralization. At a moment when the global pandemic is catalyzing profound pressures on our universities and disciplines, this fragmentation makes it difficult to articulate to the public, to non-religious studies colleagues, and to students why the study of religion matters. We therefore too often fall back on platitudes. I argue for a revitalized methods and theories conversation that connects us even as it bears our arguments and disagreements about what we do and how. Courses in methods and theories in the study of religion represent the most viable basis we have for bringing the academic study of religion into the common conversation or argument that constitutes a discipline without sacrificing our pluralism.

scholarly journals Shock interactions in inviscid air and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$–$$\hbox {N}_2$$ flows in thermochemical non-equilibrium

Shock Waves ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Garbacz ◽  
W. T. Maier ◽  
J. B. Scoggins ◽  
T. D. Economon ◽  
T. Magin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Species ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Shock Interaction ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Shock Interactions ◽  
Wave Interference ◽  
Type V ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe present study aims at providing insights into shock wave interference patterns in gas flows when a mixture different than air is considered. High-energy non-equilibrium flows of air and $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 –$$\hbox {N}_2$$ N 2 over a double-wedge geometry are studied numerically. The impact of freestream temperature on the non-equilibrium shock interaction patterns is investigated by simulating two different sets of freestream conditions. To this purpose, the SU2 solver has been extended to account for the conservation of chemical species as well as multiple energies and coupled to the Mutation++ library (Multicomponent Thermodynamic And Transport properties for IONized gases in C++) that provides all the necessary thermochemical properties of the mixture and chemical species. An analysis of the shock interference patterns is presented with respect to the existing taxonomy of interactions. A comparison between calorically perfect ideal gas and non-equilibrium simulations confirms that non-equilibrium effects greatly influence the shock interaction patterns. When thermochemical relaxation is considered, a type VI interaction is obtained for the $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 -dominated flow, for both freestream temperatures of 300 K and 1000 K; for air, a type V six-shock interaction and a type VI interaction are obtained, respectively. We conclude that the increase in freestream temperature has a large impact on the shock interaction pattern of the air flow, whereas for the $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 –$$\hbox {N}_2$$ N 2 flow the pattern does not change.

scholarly journals Coir Fibers Treated with Henna as a Potential Reinforcing Filler in the Synthesis of Polyurethane Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Sylwia Członka ◽  
Anna Strąkowska ◽  
Agnė Kairytė
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Coir Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

In this study, coir fibers were successfully modified with henna (derived from the Lawsonia inermis plant) using a high-energy ball-milling process. In the next step, such developed filler was used as a reinforcing filler in the production of rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams. The impact of 1, 2, and 5 wt % of coir-fiber filler on structural and physico-mechanical properties was evaluated. Among all modified series of PUR composites, the greatest improvement in physico-mechanical performances was observed for PUR composites reinforced with 1 wt % of the coir-fiber filler. For example, on the addition of 1 wt % of coir-fiber filler, the compression strength was improved by 23%, while the flexural strength increased by 9%. Similar dependence was observed in the case of dynamic-mechanical properties—on the addition of 1 wt % of the filler, the value of glass transition temperature increased from 149 °C to 178 °C, while the value of storage modulus increased by ~80%. It was found that PUR composites reinforced with coir-fiber filler were characterized by better mechanical performances after the UV-aging.

scholarly journals Body Mass, Physical Activity and Eating Habits Changes during the First COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5682
Author(s):  
Hubert Dobrowolski ◽  
Dariusz Włodarek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a number of changes in social life around the world. In response to the growing number of infections, some countries have introduced restrictions that may have resulted in the change of the lifestyle. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the lockdown on body weight, physical activity and some eating habits of the society. The survey involving 183 people was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. The mean age of the study participants was 33 ± 11 and mean height 169 ± 8 cm. An average increase in body weight was observed in 49.18% by 0.63 ± 3.7 kg which was the result of a decrease in physical activity and an increase in food consumption. We also observed a decrease in PAL from 1.64 ± 0.15 to 1.58 ± 0.13 and changes in the amount of food and individual groups of products consumption, including alcohol. Among the study participants who did not lose body mass, there was an average weight gain of 2.25 ± 2.5 kg. In conclusion, an increase of weight was shown in about half of the respondents in the study group which was associated with a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of total food and high energy density products.

scholarly journals Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4466
Author(s):  
Pablo Domínguez de María
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
Recent Developments

Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed.

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