Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents: a retrospective study in Chengdu, China

Abstract Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is steadily increasing and has become a public health concern. Lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the children and adolescents who visited the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 1st, 2018 to June 30st, 2020. We included obese children who met the criteria and divided them into 5 groups with 6 months as the unit according to the time of their visit. The national lockdown time was used as a segmentation point to study the changes of obesity status in the same children before and after lockdown. Results: A total of 140,526 children and adolescents visited the outpatient department from January 1st, 2018 to June 30st, 2020, and 1,740 of them were diagnosed as overweight or obese at the time of their first visit. The study found that there was a significant difference in the obesity rate among the groups (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between January to June, 2020 and the previous period. Except for the increased incidence of VD deficiency (P < 0.01), the severity of obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia of obese children did not change before and after COVID-19 (P=0.303, 0.663, 0.106, respectively). A total of 65 obese children were followed up in the outpatient department before and after COVID-19 lockdown. There were no significant differences in BMI-SDS, HOMA-IR and 25(OH)VD among obese children before and after lockdown (p = 0.626, 0.386, 0.251, respectively). Conclusions: The available evidence cannot prove that the COVID-19 pandemic affects the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents who visited hospitals. It may be related to the multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children.

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Effects on Metabolic Health after a 1-Year-Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2012/913965 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria Waling ◽

Catharina Bäcklund ◽

Torbjörn Lind ◽

Christel Larsson

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Objective.To evaluate the effect of a family-based intervention on anthropometric and metabolic markers in overweight and obese children.Methods.Overweight or obese 8–12 years olds (n= 93) were randomized into intervention or control groups. The intervention group participated in a program aiming for lifestyle changes regarding food habits and physical activity. Anthropometric measures and venous blood samples were collected from all children at baseline and after 1 year.Results.BMI z-scores decreased in both groups, 0.22 (P= 0.002) and 0.23 (P= 0.003) in intervention and control group, respectively, during the 1-year study, but there was no difference in BMI between the groups at 1-year measurement (P= 0.338). After 1 year, there was a significant difference in waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio between intervention and control group.Conclusions.The intervention had limited effects on anthropometrics and metabolic markers, which emphasizes the need of preventing childhood overweight and obesity.

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Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3302

Author(s):

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽

Olena Nyankovska ◽

Marta Yatsula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

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Subtle changes of the crystalline lens after cycloplegia: a retrospective study

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01884-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Dai ◽

Meng Liu ◽

Xiaodong Lv ◽

Binzhong Li

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Population Change ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Crystalline Lens ◽

Equivalent Diameter ◽

Crystalline Morphology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shape of the crystalline lens in terms of biometry and diopters before and after cycloplegia using the CASIA2 swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system on the anterior segment. Methods This was a retrospective study. Children and adolescents (26 males and 29 females, aged 4–21 years) with simple ametropia were selected for optometry and CASIA2 imaging at 2 separate visits before and after cycloplegia. Diopter values were derived from the spherical power (S) obtained by optometry. Biometric parameters of the crystalline lens, including the anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior curvature of the lens (ACL and PCL), lens thickness (LTH), lens decentration (LD), lens tilt (LT), and equivalent diameter of the lens (LED), were measured by the CASIA2 system. The differences in these parameters after compared with before cycloplegia were determined, and their relationships were analyzed. Results Fifty-five participants (106 eyes) were initially enrolled. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the S (t=-7.026, P < 0.001), ACD (t=-8.796, P < 0.001), ACL (t=-13.263, P < 0.001) and LTH (t = 7.363, P < 0.001) after compared with before cycloplegia. The change in the PCL (t = 1.557, P = 0.122), LD (t = 0.876, P = 0.383), LT (t = 0.440, P = 0.661) and LED (t=-0.351, P = 0.726) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant (P < 0.05) correlation of the change in the S with that in the ACL (r = 0.466, P < 0.001), LTH (r=-0.592, P < 0.001), and LED (r = 0.223, P = 0.021) but not the PCL (r = 0.19, P = 0.051), LD (r=-0.048, P = 0.0628) or LT (r=-0.022, P = 0.822). Furthermore, the change in the ACD was closely related to the change in crystalline morphology. However, in children and adolescents, we found that the change in crystalline morphology was unrelated to age. Conclusions Changes in lens morphology after compared with before cycloplegia are mainly related to the ACL and LTH, but there is no difference in the PCL, LD, LT, or LED. In the adolescent population, change in the S is related to change in the ACL, LED and LTH. However, age is unrelated to the shape and tendency of the crystalline lens. Further research is required to determine whether the same conclusion applies to different age groups and different refractive states (myopia, hyperopia, emmetropia) .

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Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-020-00500-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Niu ◽

Xue-lin Zhao ◽

Hui-juan Ruan ◽

Xiao-meng Mao ◽

Qing-ya Tang

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Dietary Control ◽

Obese Children ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background Current adult studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is associated with body fat, but the relationship in obese children is unclear. Thus, we aim to evaluate the association between uric acid and body composition of obese children. Methods A total of 79 obese children were included in this study, and 52 children (34 boys and 18 girls) underwent a 6-week weight loss camp, including 34 boys and 18 girls. Six-week weight-loss interventions were performed on all participants through aerobic exercise and appropriate dietary control. Laboratory tests and body composition were collected before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, correlation analysis demonstrated that uric acid was positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM) with adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the participants gained 3.12 ± 0.85 cm in height, body fat percentage decreased by 7.23 ± 1.97%, and lost 10.30 ± 2.83 kg in weight. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that uric acid at baseline was associated with FM reduction during weight loss (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first report that uric acid is associated with BMI and FM, and may play an important role in the reduction of FM during weight loss in obese children and adolescents. The interaction between UA and adiposity factors and its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03490448) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from the Age Range of 2 to 19 Years Old in Brazil

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2014/583207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Janaina R. Niehues ◽

Ana Inês Gonzales ◽

Robson R. Lemos ◽

Poliana Penasso Bezerra ◽

Patrícia Haas

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

National Level ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Juvenile Obesity ◽

Age Range ◽

Obesity In Children

Introduction. Infant juvenile obesity is currently a worldwide public health problem and it is increasing at alarming rate in the Brazilian population, showing its relevance in terms of public health.Objectives. Determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents between 2 and 19 years old in different regions of Brazil.Methods. The following electronic databases were searched (from September through November 2013): Medline (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO, using the descriptors and Boolean operators (obesity) and (overweight) and (child) and (prevalence) and (Brazil). Prospective and/or cross-sectional designs studies were found regarding the prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents in the five regions of Brazil.Results. A total of 191 scientific articles were found of which 17 met all inclusion criteria. A higher prevalence of overweight was found in the south (25.7%) and north (28.8%) of the country, and obesity in the southeast (15.4%) and south (10.4%).Conclusions. The scope of the studies was mostly based on municipal coverage, which resulted in limitations for conclusive analysis, showing the need for further studies of prevalence at the national level, with emphasis on public health in obese children and adolescents throughout the Brazilian territory.

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Prevalence and Trends of Adult Obesity in the US, 1999–2012

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.1155/2014/185132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ruopeng An

Keyword(s):

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Measured Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Socioeconomic Consequences

Aim. To provide national estimates of obesity among US adults aged 20 years and older in 2011-2012 and track its trends from 1999 to 2012. Methods. Measured weight/height from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2012 waves was used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and prevalence measures. Piecewise logistic regressions were conducted to test the differential trends before and after 2010. Results. In 2011-2012, the age-adjusted prevalence of overweight and obesity combined (BMI≥25) was 71.1% (95% CI: 68.0%–74.2%) among men and 65.5% (61.8%–69.3%) among women, and the prevalence of obesity (BMI≥30) was 33.3% (30.5%–36.2%) among men and 35.8% (32.3%–39.4%) among women. From 1990–2000 to 2009-2010, the prevalence of overweight and obesity combined, obesity, grades 2 and 3 obesity combined (BMI≥35), and grade 3 obesity (BMI≥40) increased by 7.2%, 17.8%, 17.6%, and 33.0%, respectively. Compared to 2009-2010, most gender- and race/ethnicity-specific prevalence measures remained unchanged or slightly decreased in 2011-2012. No significant difference in trends among prevalence measures was found before and after 2010. Conclusions. Concurrent evidence on the leveling off of obesity in the US is thin. Given its high prevalence and profound socioeconomic consequences, close monitoring of the trend is warranted.

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Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

Human Biology and Public Health ◽

10.52905/hbph.v1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Rebekka Mumm ◽

Anna Reimann ◽

Christiane Scheffler

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Field Studies ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

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PENGARUH PERUBAHAN STATUS, EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT, DAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAPORAN KEUANGAN

EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) ◽

10.24034/j25485024.y2015.v19.i4.2001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 495

Author(s):

Nani Yuheti Yuniatin ◽

Noer Azam Achsani ◽

Hendro Sasongko

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Employee Engagement ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Financial Management ◽

Test Results ◽

Financial Reports ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Status

This study aimed to examine the effect of changes in status, employee engagement, and the utilization of information technology on the quality of financial reporting. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine changes in the status of Bogor Agricultural University. Moreover we employ a multiple regression analysis to examine the effect of employee engagement and information technology in performance financial of report. In addition, Ultrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) was used to examine the financial human resource mapping. The results of ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference of the financial management of Bogor Agricultural University before and after the implementation of Public Service Board (BLU). Furthermore, multiple linear regression test results showed that the factors that affect the performance of financial reports are employee engagement and use of information technology. However, it is found that the factor that really affects the performace of financial reports is the use of information technology. Finally, the test results of the mapping showed that employee engagement of human resources staff of Bogor Agricultural University are in medium position indicating that it needs to be maintained and improved.

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Evaluation of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index in Children 1 To 16 Years

Tabari Biomedical Student Research Journal ◽

10.18502/tbsrj.v3i2.6667 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Nozari Mirarkolaei ◽

Mahdi Gholami ◽

Elham Rostami ◽

Azita Aliakbarniya ◽

Massoumeh Hotelchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Body weight gain in children and teenagers is one of the major challenges that cause undesirable health outcomes. Simultaneously with the prevalence of overweight and obesity, children and adolescents are diagnosed with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in different sides of the world. The present study aimed to assess 25(OH)D status among Iranian volunteers aged 1-16 years and find the correlation between 25(OH)D status and body mass index (BMI) subjects. Material and Methods: The total volunteers included 807 Iranian children aged 1 to 16 referred to the general and endocrinology clinics in Babol city, Mazandaran Province. A trained physician determined anthropometric characteristics. Serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), creatinine (Cr), urea, thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and 25(OH)D were assessed in all children. Results: 25.27% of the children were 25(OH)D deficient, and 59.1% were insufficient. There was no significant difference in serum 25(OH)D level between girls and boys (P=0.13). A significant negative correlation was found in serum 25(OH)D level with weight (P=0.000, r=-0.12), BMI (P=0.000, r=-0.13), and age (P=0.000, r=-0.13). Conclusion: These data displayed that 25(OH)D insufficiency is highly prevalent among children in the north of Iran. Serum 25(OH)D levels are affected by age and BMI value. Improving vitamin D deficiency helps to maintain the health of children and adolescents during this critical period.

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The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Plantar Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6600

Author(s):

Liliana Catan ◽

Elena Amaricai ◽

Roxana Ramona Onofrei ◽

Calin Marius Popoiu ◽

Emil Radu Iacob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Plantar Pressure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Time Integral ◽

Systems Software ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

The Impact

We aimed to synthesise the results of previous studies addressing the impact of overweight and obesity on plantar pressure in children and adolescents. An electronic search of scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus database, with keywords: “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “obesity”; “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “obesity”, “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “overweight”, “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “overweight”. Twenty-two articles were included in the review and the following data were recorded: authors, publication year, type of technology (systems, software) for the determination of plantar pressure, study characteristics. Most of the articles used dynamic plantar pressure determination with only four using static plantar pressure measurement. Using ultrasonography with static plantar pressure determination, the correlation between structural and functional changes in the feet of obese children. In overweight and obese children and adolescents, important findings were recorded: higher contact area, increased maximum force beneath the lateral and medial forefoot, increased pressure–time integral beneath the midfoot and 2nd–5th metatarsal regions. Significantly increased foot axis angle and significantly flatter feet were observed in obese subjects in comparison to their normal-weight counterparts. The obese children presented increased midfoot fat pad thickness, with decreased sensitivity of the whole foot and midfoot.

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