scholarly journals Development of Prevention Strategies Against Bath-related Deaths Based on Epidemiological Surveys of Inquest Records: A Model Study in Kagoshima Prefecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Katsuyama ◽  
Eri Higo ◽  
Machiko Miyamoto ◽  
Takuma Nakamae ◽  
Daiko Onitsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Kagoshima Prefecture ◽  
Death Investigation ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Minimum

Abstract Sudden death in the bathroom (bath-related death) occurs more frequently in Japan than in other countries, especially among the elderly. To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of bath-related deaths, we reviewed inquest records of deaths in Kagoshima Prefecture from 2006 to 2019. We identified 2,689 cases of bath-related death. Of these cases, 90% were among people aged ≥65 years. The majority of cases occurred in a home bathtub between 16:00 and 20:00. Most deaths (52.0%) occurred in winter (December to February), and there was a significant negative correlation with the environmental temperature (maximum, minimum, and mean) on the day of death. We identified the environmental temperature that bath-related deaths were likely to occur in each region of Kagoshima. The causes of death were cardiac death in 1,231 cases and drowning in 855 cases. Forensic autopsies were performed in only 29 cases. Although autopsies are essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of bath-related deaths, it is difficult to increase the rate of autopsies under the current Japanese death investigation system. Therefore, we suggest that the best way to prevent bath-related death is establishing an “Alert system” based on our results, and to have people refrain from bathing on dangerous days.

scholarly journals Masked vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in the elderly

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Craig ◽  
C. Elliot ◽  
K. R. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Folate Deficiency ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Geriatric Unit

1. A high incidence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or both, may be found in the elderly, particularly those in hospital. This report concerns fifty cases detected in an inner-city-area geriatric unit during the course of routine clinical investigation. The majority had none of the classical haematological signs of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, and all the patients reported had a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of less than 100 fl.2. There was a significant negative correlation between the MCV and the erythrocyte folate (P< 0.01), supporting earlier published work using a low serum folate as an index of folate deficiency.3. There was no correlation between the MCV and the serum vitamin B12. Published work differs on this point.4. Serum iron, total Fe-binding capacity and percentage Fe saturation results were available in forty patients in this series. There was a significant positive correlation between the serum Fe and the MCV (P<0.01) and 34% of patients had haematological evidence of Fe deficiency. In the majority, however, there was no evidence that associated Fe deficiency had masked the haematological signs of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.5. More attention should be paid to the problem of ‘masked’ vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in the elderly. There is a case for routine screening of the elderly for vitamin B12 and folate deficiency irrespective of the MCV.

scholarly journals Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Wajdy J. Al-Awaida ◽  
Baker Jawabrah Al Hourani ◽  
Samer Swedan ◽  
Refat Nimer ◽  
Foad Alzoughool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Prevalence of small for gestational age infants in 21 cities in China, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui He ◽  
Huazhang Miao ◽  
Zhijiang Liang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractInfants who are small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of neonatal and infant death, non-communicable diseases and growth retardation. However, the epidemiological characteristics of SGA remain unclear. We aim to explore the prevalence of SGA and to examine its socioeconomic associations by using data from 21 cities. 10,515,494 single live birth records between 2014 and 2019 from the Guangdong Women and Children Health Information System were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the prevalence trend of SGA and its distribution. We also analyze the associations between the prevalence of SGA and per-capita GDP. The prevalence of SGA in Guangdong Province from the years 2014–2019 was 13.17%, 12.96%, 11.96%, 12.72%, 11.45%, 11.30% respectively, and the overall prevalence was 12.28%. The prevalence of term SGA infants in Guangdong Province was 12.50%, which was much higher than that of preterm SGA (7.71%). There was a significant negative correlation between the SGA prevalence and per-capita GDP in 21 cities of Guangdong Province. The level of economic development may affect the prevalence of SGA. The prevalence of SGA in full term infants is significantly higher than in premature infants, suggesting that most SGA infants may be born at a later gestational age.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-Porto Alegre) for adolescent, adult and elderly populations from Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2068-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Liane Henn ◽  
Sandra Costa Fuchs ◽  
Leila Beltrami Moreira ◽  
Flavio Danni Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

This study assessed the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-Porto Alegre), covering 135 food items, in comparison with the average of two consecutive 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires for adolescents, adults, and elderly who were randomly selected from a population-based survey. The Pearson correlation coefficients and cross-classification by quartiles of intake were used. The nutrients were log transformed and energy adjusted. The mean of adjusted de-attenuated correlation coefficient for adolescents was 0.44 and ranged from 0.18 (zinc) to 0.69 (folate) and for adult and elderly participants they were, respectively, 0.42, ranging from 0.16 (iron) to 0.73 (energy) and 0.52, ranging from 0.25 (vitamin E) to 0.84 (energy). The average classification percentage into the same or adjacent quartile for the two methods was 74.6% for adolescents, 74.9% for adults, and 81.2% for the elderly population. The FFQ showed fair relative validity for adolescents and adults, and may be used to study the dietary determinants of obesity and non-transmissible diseases in epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Primary Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Elderly in Shandong,China,from 2004 - 2019.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqi An ◽  
Wan-mei Song ◽  
Jin-yue Liu ◽  
Ning-ning Tao ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Abstract Background: With an aging population, China is facing a huge buedern of elderly patients with drug resistant tuberculosisi (DR-TB), which has become an significant obscale for the global TB control targets. There is still few study on DR-TB among China so far.Thus, more researches on the epidemiological characteristics and trend of primary DR-TB among the elderly will be necessary. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Shandong, China from 2004-2019, 12661 primary TB and 4368 elderly (≥60 years of age) primary TB cases were involved. Clinical characteristics including age, sex, Cavity, Smoking, drinking, comorbidity and drug susceptibility data were included. Descriptive statistical analysis, Chi-square and linear regression were used for analyzing.Results: Among 4368 elderly patients with primary TB, the DR-TB and MDR-TB accounted for 17.19% and 2.29% respectively. During 2004 to 2019, the proportions of MDR-TB, PDR-TB, RFP-resistance increased by160.00%, 18.18%, 231.82%, and the rate of DR-TB among elderly patients with primary cavitary TB increased by 255%.Among the elderly with primary DR-TB, the proportion of male (from 85.19 to 89.06), cavity (from 7.41 to 46.88), RFP (from 3.70 to 21.88), SM (from 37.04 to 62.5) increased significantly(P<0.05) . And the proportion of female (from 14.81 to 10.94), non-cavity (from 92.59 to 32.81 ), INH (from 66.67 to 57.81 ) decreased significantly. (P<0.05) .Conclusion: Among the elderly, the proportions of MDR-TB, PDR-TB,RFP-resistance and cavitary DR-TB increased significantly. The pattern of DR-TB changed from female, non-cavity and INH-resistant groups to male, cavity and RFP, SM-resistant groups. For a better control on the elderly DR-TB in the future, we should pay more attention to, male, smoking, drinking, COPD and diabetes subgroups.

scholarly journals High incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Chongqing, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Tao ◽  
Panke Cheng ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Peng Wan ◽  
Yaokai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

SummaryBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 has been a global pandemic, but the emergence of asymptomatic patients has caused difficulties in the prevention of the epidemic. Therefore, it is significant to understand the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsIn this single-center, retrospective and observational study, we collected data from 167 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center (Chongqing, China) from January to March 2020. The epidemiological characteristics and variable of these patients were collected and analyzed.Findings82.04% of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a travel history in Wuhan or a history of contact with returnees from Wuhan, showing typical characteristics of imported cases, and the proportion of severe Covid-19 patients was 13.2%, of which 59% were imported from Wuhan. For the patients who was returnees from Wuhan, 18.1% was asymptomatic patients. In different infection periods, compared with the proportion after 1/31/2020, the proportion of asymptomatic patient among SARS-CoV-2 infected patient was higher(19% VS 1.5%). In different age groups, the proportion of asymptomatic patient was the highest(28.6%) in children group under 14, next in elder group over 70 (27.3%). Compared with mild and common Covid-19 patients, the mean latency of asymptomatic was longer (11.25 days VS 8.86 days), but the hospital length of stay was shorter (14.3 days VS 16.96 days).ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 prevention needs to focus on the screening of asymptomatic patients in the community with a history of contact with the imported population, especially for children and the elderly population.

scholarly journals Mortality and years of life lost to suicide in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2000-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45972
Author(s):  
Emelynne Gabrielly de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana ◽  
Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Black People ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Analyze the epidemiological profile of and years of life lost to suicide in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. This is an ecological study in which data on death were sourced from the Mortality Information System. Years of Potential Life Lost were calculated over the historical series. A total of 2,266 deaths by suicide were analyzed, identified during the period, with the most frequent cases being those occurring at home, by hanging, among men, black people, single people and the elderly. More Years of Potential Life Lost were counted in the economically active age group (30-39 years old). Thus, recognizing the epidemiological characteristics of suicide in Rio Grande do Norte may guide more effective actions and strategies targeting risk populations and reinforces the need for further studies focusing on regions with the highest rates in the state. Moreover, mental health care must be adapted to age and gender, besides approaching social support needs and feeling of belonging.

scholarly journals Association of Hypertension and Lipid Profile with Osteoporosis

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Hariri ◽  
Bander Aldhafery
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Record System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Background. Hypertension (HTN) and osteoporosis (OP) are common diseases that adversely affect the health-related quality of life among the elderly. However, there is a scarcity of literature on the association between HTN and OP. Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between HTN and antihypertensive drugs (AHT), with bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores, as well as to determine the status of bone quality in Saudi Arabia. Method. A retrospective study was conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, during 2016 to 2018. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). T-score values were used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. HTN diagnosis and medications, laboratory, and radiology results were collected from the hospital record system. Results. Out of 1332 extracted profiles, 1103 (82.8%) were females. Based on the T-score, the majority of patients either had osteopenia (41.1%) or was osteoporotic (27.8%). The present study found that there is a significant increase in serum lipids and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the osteoporotic group when compared with normal and osteopenia groups. Furthermore, it was found that ALP and Ca levels were significant predictors for OP. Pearson’s correlation test revealed a significant negative correlation between HTN and BMD T-score. However, the study reported a nonsignificant association between AHT and BMD T-score. Conclusion. We conclude that controlling both HTN and dyslipidemia might improve bone health. Every osteoporotic patient should be screened for dyslipidemia. Early detection and appropriate management for OP are highly recommended in Saudi Arabia, especially amongst the high-risk group.

Validation d'une échelle de bien-être général auprès d'une population francophone âgée de 50 à 75 ans

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Bravo ◽  
Philippe Gaulin ◽  
Marie-France Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
French Version ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
French And English ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

ABSTRACTThe General Well-Being Schedule (GWB) is a questionnaire that is frequently used in large-scale epidemiological surveys to evaluate the psychological health of a given population. In spite of its popularity, it appears that no validation study has been done on a French version of the instrument. The present study proposes a French version of the GWB and establishes its psychometric qualities based on a sample of 369 subjects, 179 of whom are bilingual. The subjects were recruited through notices placed in the different francophone and anglophone media. The questionnaires were mailed to the subjects. First, the results show a very strong correlation between the translated version and the original version of the questionnaire (r = 0.88, p < 0.0001). The internal consistency of the French version is estimated at 0.92 and its test-retest reliability at 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.89). Correlations between the total score on the general well-being scale and measures of depression and anxiety are over 0.70. Principal component analysis applied to the French and English versions of the questionnaire suggests the presence of a main factor which accounts for 50 per cent of the variance. This study provides a French version of the GWB that may justifiably be considered reliable and valid. Validation of the questionnaire should be pursued by establishing normative values for the elderly francophone population and by studying its responsiveness.

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