Gut Microbial Shifts By Synbiotic Combination of Pediococcus Acidilactici and Lactulose In Weaned Piglets Challenged With Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin B. Guevarra ◽  
Jae Hyoung Cho ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
Jun Hyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Swine Industry

Abstract Background: Development of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in the swine industry have been the focused of many pig gut microbiota studies to improve animal health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici (PRO), prebiotic lactulose (PRE), and their synbiotic combination (SYN) on weaned pig gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in weaned piglets challenged with Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Results: Our data showed that prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics improved the intestinal health in weaned piglets. No significant differences were observed in species richness and species diversity in weaned piglets fed prebiotics, probiotics and their synbiotic combination. However, beta diversity analysis revealed distinct clustering of the microbiota of according to dietary treatment and by oral challenge of STEC. At the phylum level, Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was lower in the dietary treatment groups than the control group. Oral supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics enriched the abundance of Prevotella and Roseburia. Succinivibrio was elevated in PRO group; however, Phascolarctobacterium was depleted with STEC challenge regardless of dietary treatment. Overall, our data showed that administration of synbiotics in piglets improved intestinal health through gut microbiota modulation. Conclusions: Our data indicated that prebiotics, probiotics and their synbiotic combination could promote intestinal health through gut microbiota modulation in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Haiyong Ye ◽  
Bin Lu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

scholarly journals Colonization of Supplemented Bifidobacterium breve M-16V in Low Birth Weight Infants and Its Effects on Their Gut Microbiota Weeks Post-administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Horigome ◽  
Ken Hisata ◽  
Toshitaka Odamaki ◽  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Jin-zhong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve

The colonization and persistence of probiotics introduced into the adult human gut appears to be limited. It is uncertain, however, whether probiotics can successfully colonize the intestinal tracts of full-term and premature infants. In this study, we investigated the colonization and the effect of oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the gut microbiota of low birth weight (LBW) infants. A total of 22 LBW infants (12 infants in the M-16V group and 10 infants in the control group) were enrolled. B. breve M-16V was administrated to LBW infants in the M-16V group from birth until hospital discharge. Fecal samples were collected from each subject at weeks (3.7–9.3 weeks in the M-16V group and 2.1–6.1 weeks in the control group) after discharge. qPCR analysis showed that the administrated strain was detected in 83.3% of fecal samples in the M-16V group (at log10 8.33 ± 0.99 cell numbers per gram of wet feces), suggesting that this strain colonized most of the infants beyond several weeks post-administration. Fecal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01), whereas that of Proteobacteria was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the M-16V group as compared with the control group. Notably, the levels of the administrated strain and indigenous Bifidobacterium bacteria were both significantly higher in the M-16V group than in the control group. Our findings suggest that oral administration of B. breve M-16V led to engraftment for at least several weeks post-administration and we observed a potential overall improvement in microbiota formation in the LBW infants’ guts.

scholarly journals Effect of chewing betel nut on the gut microbiota of Hainanese

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258489
Author(s):  
Li Ying ◽  
Yunjia Yang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Hairong Huang ◽  
Guankui Du
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Betel nut chewing (BNC) is prevalent in South Asia and Southeast Asia. BNC can affect host health by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNC on the gut microbiota of the host. Feces samples were obtained from 34 BNC individuals from Ledong and Lingshui, Hainan, China. The microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BNC decreased the microbial α-diversity. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 99.35% of the BNC group. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in the BNC group compared to a control group. The abundances of the families Aerococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Planococcaceae were decreased in the BNC/BNC_Male/BNC_Female groups compared to the control group, whereas the abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Coxiellaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were increased. In general, the gut microbiome profiles suggest that BNC may have positive effects, such as an increase in the abundance of beneficial microbes and a reduction in the abundance of disease-related microbes. However, BNC may also produce an increase in the abundance of disease-related microbes. Therefore, extraction of prebiotic components could increase the beneficial value of betel nut.

scholarly journals Changes in gut microbiota composition and their associations with cortisol, melatonin and interleukin 6 in patients with chronic insomnia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Masyutina ◽  
LN Gumenyuk ◽  
YuV Fatovenko ◽  
LE Sorokina ◽  
SS Bayramova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional

The relationship between the gut microbiota and chronic insomnia remains understudied. The aim of this paper was to investigate changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and their associations with the levels of cortisol, melatonin and IL6 in patients with chronic insomnia. Our comparative prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with chronic insomnia, who formed the main group (female patients: 58.2%, male patients: 41.8%; mean age 31.6 ± 7.4 years), and 50 healthy volunteers, who comprised the control group (females: 68.0%, males: 32.0%; mean age 33.2 ± 6.6 years). The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma cortisol and IL 6 and urine melatonin were measured by means of ELISA. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In patients with chronic insomnia, the abundance of Faecalibacterium (p = 0.048), Prevotella 9 (p < 0.001) and Lachnospira (p = 0.036) was lower, whereas the abundance of Blautia (p = 0.012) and Eubacteriumhallii (p = 0.003) was higher than in healthy volunteers. Significant correlations were established between the levels of IL6 and the abundance of Faecalibacterium (r = –0.44; p = 0.001) and Blautia (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), as well as between cortisol concentrations and the abundance of Lachnospira (r = –0.41; p = 0.048). The abundance of Faecalibacterium and Blautiaс was correlated with higher PSQI (r = –0.47, p = 0.001; r = 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively). Our study contributed to the pool of data about changes in the gut microbiota and their associations with some endocrine and inflammation markers in patients with chronic insomnia. These data can be exploited to propose new strategies for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of insomnia aimed at normalizing the patient’s gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Understanding host-microbiota interactions in the commercial piglet around weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saladrigas-García ◽  
M. D’Angelo ◽  
H. L. Ko ◽  
P. Nolis ◽  
Y. Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWeaning is a critical period in the life of pigs with repercussions on their health and welfare and on the economy of the swine industry. This study aimed to assess the effect of the commercial early weaning on gut microbiota, intestinal gene expression and serum metabolomic response via an integrated-omic approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the OpenArray gene expression technology and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen piglets from different litters were sampled for blood, jejunum tissue and caecal content two days before (− 2d), and three days after (+ 3d) weaning. A clearly differential ordination of caecal microbiota was observed. Higher abundances of Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Dorea and Lachnospira genera in weaned piglets compared to prior to weaning showed the quick microbial changes of the piglets’ gut microbiota. Downregulation of OCLN, CLDN4, MUC2, MUC13, SLC15A1 and SLC13A1 genes, also evidenced the negative impact of weaning on gut barrier and digestive functions. Metabolomic approach pinpointed significant decreases in choline, LDL, triglycerides, fatty acids, alanine and isoleucine and increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate after weaning. Moreover, the correlation between microbiota and metabolome datasets revealed the existence of metabolic clusters interrelated to different bacterial clusters. Our results demonstrate the impact of weaning stress on the piglet and give insights regarding the associations between gut microbiota and the animal gene activity and metabolic response.

scholarly journals Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Growth and Gut Microbiota as Potential Replacements for Antibiotic in Weaning Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Yining Xie ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Changguang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Weaning Piglets

Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is a well-known kind of oligosaccharide and extensively applied as a prebiotic. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of XOS supplementation substituting chlortetracycline (CTC) on growth, gut morphology, gut microbiota, and hindgut short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents of weaning piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to three treatments for 28 days, as follows: control group (basal diet, CON), basal diet with 500 mg/kg (XOS500) XOS, and positive control (basal diet with 100 mg/kg CTC). Compared with the CON group, the piglets in the XOS500 group improved body weight (BW) on days 28, average daily gain (ADG) and reduced feed: gain ratio during days 1–28 (P &lt; 0.05). The XOS500 supplementation increased Villus height and Villus height: Crypt depth ratio in the ileum (P &lt; 0.05). Villus Height: Crypt Depth of the ileum was also increased in the CTC treatment group (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the XOS500 supplementation increased significantly the numbers of goblet cells in the crypt of the cecum. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed distinct differences in microbial compositions between the ileum and cecum. XOS500 supplementation significantly increased the bacterial diversity. However, CTC treatment markedly reduced the microbial diversity (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, XOS500 supplementation in the diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus genus compared to the CON and CTC group in the ileum and cecum (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the level of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Escherichia-Shigella, and Terrisporobacter genus in the XOS500 group were markedly lower than the CON and CTC group (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with XOS500 significantly increased the total short-chain fatty acids, propionate and butyrate concentrations and decreased the acetate concentration compared to the CON group in the cecum (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, dietary supplemented with XOS500 could enhance specific beneficial microbiota abundance and decrease harmful microbiota abundance to maintain the structure of the intestinal morphology and improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Thus, XOS may potentially function as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in weaned piglets in modern husbandry.

scholarly journals Effect of Electroacupuncture in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and the Influence of Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Geng-Hao Liu ◽  
Hsuan-Miao Liu ◽  
Yu-Sheng Chen ◽  
Tzung-Yan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Colonic Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and gut microbiota is inextricable. Electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate acute experimental colitis, but the performance of intestinal microorganisms and the mechanism are still not fully understood. We investigated the relationship between the EA and gut microbes and clarified the role of tight junction and adiponectin in the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. Methods. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups: normal control, dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (DSS), and DSS with EA ST36 (DSS + EA). Mice body weight, DAI score, colon length, and histological score were evaluated for colitis severity. Colonic inflammation and tight junctions were demonstrated by the immunohistochemical (IHC) method. Systemic responses were confirmed by plasma cytokines and adiponectin with multiplex immunoassays. Gut microbiome profiling was conducted by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results. EA had benefit in relieving both macroscopic and microscopic colonic inflammation. It can reduce disease activity, maintain colon length, and ameliorate histological inflammatory reaction. In IHC stain, EA decreased CD11b, F4/80, TLR4, and MyD88 and preserved claudin-1 and ZO-1 expression. Compared with the control group, the DSS group showed elevated levels of CRP, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, but decreased adiponectin. These changes were reversed by EA, accompanied by modulation of the overall structure of gut microbiota. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that EA exerts its therapeutic effect by TLR4 signaling via the MyD88-dependent pathway. EA could increase adiponectin, maintain mucosal tight junctions, and modulate gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Altered fecal microbiota composition in individuals who abuse methamphetamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongde Yang ◽  
Xuan Yu ◽  
Xuebing Liu ◽  
Guangya Liu ◽  
Kuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Paradigm

AbstractAs a severe public health problem, methamphetamine (METH) abuse places a heavy burden on families and society. A growing amount of evidence has indicated communication between gut microbiota and the CNS in drug addiction, with associations to neural, endocrine and immune pathways. Thus, we searched for alterations in the gut microbiota and their potential effects in METH users through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A decreased Shannon index indicated lower bacterial diversity in the METH users than in the age-matched control group. The gut microbial community composition in the METH users was also altered, including reductions in Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidaceae abundances and increases in Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Romboutsia and Lachnospiraceae abundances. Moreover, the Fusobacteria abundance was correlated with the duration of METH use. Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium had statistically significant correlations with items related to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to general psychopathology in the METH users, and all have previously been reported to be altered in individuals with psychotic syndromes, especially depression. Abstraction, one of the items of the cognitive assessment, was positively related to Blautia. These findings revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of METH users, and these alterations may play a role in psychotic syndrome and cognitive impairment. Although the mechanisms behind the links between these disorders and METH abuse are unknown, the relationships may indicate similarities in the pathogenesis of psychosis induced by METH abuse and other causes, providing a new paradigm for addiction and METH use disorder treatment.

scholarly journals The Devils Hole pupfish gut microbiome and its potential role in paradoxical anaerobism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant S Bhute ◽  
Brisa Escobedo ◽  
Mina Haider ◽  
Yididya Mekonen ◽  
Dafhner Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Devils Hole

Abstract Background The Devils Hole Pupfish ( Cyprinodon diabolis ) frequently enters paradoxical anaerobism in response to endogenously produced or exogenously supplied ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. To decipher the role of the gut microbiota in ethanol-associated paradoxical anaerobism, gut microbial communities were depleted using a cocktail of antibiotics and profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared to the control group (n=12), microbiota-depleted fish (n=11) spent more time in paradoxical anaerobism. Our analysis indicated that the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria , Fusobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , Patescibacteria , and Dependentiae dominated the pupfish gut, which is consistent with other fish gut microbiota. Although the gut microbial communities with and without antibiotic treatment were similarly diverse, they were distinct and the greatest contribution to the dissimilarity (27.38%) was the common fish commensal Cetobacterium . We speculate that Cetobacterium , a primary fermenter, also consumes ethanol through secondary fermentation via an alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore regulates the transition from paradoxical anaerobism to aerobic respiration in fish. Conclusions This study reports the first characterization of gut microbial communities of critically endangered pupfish and suggests the microbiome may play a critical role in regulating metabolic strategies that are critical for survival in extremes of temperature and oxygen concentration. Given the wide distribution and abundance of Cetobacterium in warm-water fishes, this process may be of broad importance, and suggests that the microbiome be carefully considered for both conservation and aquaculture.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Yoon ◽  
Han-Na Kim ◽  
Eunkyo Park ◽  
Seungho Ryu ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Cholecystectomy alters the bile flow into the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids; this may affect the gut microbiota. We assessed the gut microbiota composition of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and compared with those who had not. From a cohort of 1463 adult participants who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations, 27 subjects who had undergone cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy group) and 81 age- and sex-matched subjects who had not (control group) were selected. Clinical parameters were collected and compared. Microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. We evaluated differences in the overall microbial composition and in the abundance of taxa. The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and laboratory results. The actual number of taxa observed in a sample (observed features) was significantly lower in the cholecystectomy group than in the control group (p = 0.042). The beta diversity of Jaccard distance index was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.027). Blautia obeum and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The difference in the diversity of the gut microbiota between the cholecystectomy and control groups was subtle. However, B. obeum and V. parvula, which have azoreductase activity, were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The impact of such changes in the gut microbiota on health remains to be determined.

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