scholarly journals Characteristics of composite deprivation indices used in public health: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Zelenina ◽  
Svetlana Shalnova ◽  
Sergey Maksimov ◽  
Oksana Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Deprivation Indices

Abstract Background: Deprivation index has become a more popular tool to rank levels of deprivation within different geographic areas. It is extensively used for monitoring health inequalities, evaluating health care services, developing and modifying health policies and programs, and allocating health resources equitably. In the current review, we will examine how in different countries deprivation indices were created. This is significant because indices have been used in public health for more than three decades. The first deprivation index was created in the UK in the late 1980s. A stock of knowledge and information about deprivation indices have been accumulated over this period. Our objectives are to explore the relevant literature to describe features of composite deprivation measures; create a list and classification of original deprivation indices. We will develop the classification of indices to systematize knowledge and improve the functional utility of the information. Moreover, the classification will provide an organized framework for planning and following through with the process of developing new deprivation measures.Methods: Any original deprivation index mentioned in peer-reviewed or grey literature documents will be eligible for inclusion if it assesses deprivation at a population level and used in relation to health. The study area will be limited to the geographic areas of North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. PubMed and grey literature databases will be searched to identify all relevant studies, without publication date restriction. Papers published in any language will be included to avoid language bias. Papers will be screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Tables and a narrative summary will be used to describe features of deprivation indices. Diagrammatic form will be used to create the classification of deprivation indices.Discussion: The aim of creating a taxonomy is to systematize information related to the methodology for constructing and using deprivation indices in public health research and practice. Practically, the results of this study could facilitate finding a common language among researchers and specialists who create and use deprivation indices, thus helping the development and implementation of appropriate deprivation indices for different countries.

scholarly journals Inaccuracy of Official Estimates of Public Health Spending in the United States, 2000–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (S2) ◽  
pp. S194-S196
Author(s):  
Jonathon P. Leider ◽  
Beth Resnick ◽  
J. Mac McCullough ◽  
Y. Natalia Alfonso ◽  
David Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Public Health Activity ◽  
Data Coding ◽  
Public Health Spending

Objectives. To examine the accuracy of official estimates of governmental health spending in the United States. Methods. We coded approximately 2.7 million administrative spending records from 2000 to 2018 for public health activities according to a standardized Uniform Chart of Accounts produced by the Public Health Activities and Services Tracking project. The official US Public Health Activity estimate was recalculated using updated estimates from the data coding. Results. Although official estimates place governmental public health spending at more than $93 billion (2.5% of total spending on health), detailed examination of spending records from state governments shows that official estimates include substantial spending on individual health care services (e.g., behavioral health) and that actual spending on population-level public health activities is more likely between $35 billion and $64 billion (approximately 1.5% of total health spending). Conclusions. Clarity in understanding of public health spending is critical for characterizing its value proposition. Official estimates are likely tens of billions of dollars greater than actual spending. Public Health Implications. Precise and clear spending estimates are material for policymakers to accurately understand the effect of their resource allocation decisions.

scholarly journals Health Promotion Strategies in Georgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Antia ◽  
D Tabidze ◽  
L Gabunia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Health Promotion Strategy ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
State Programs

Abstract Background The main burden of global morbidity comes from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As recent data shows, almost 97% of mortality is caused by NCDs in Georgia. According to the WHO, Georgia has one of the highest smoking prevalence in Europe. Effective health promotion strategies are crucial to prevent chronic diseases and to improve health education. The main aim of this scoping review was to analyse the literature on health promotion strategies in Georgia, as well as to provide an overview of current initiatives and activities. Methods Medline and PubMed databases, as well as official government documents and grey literature where used to identify relevant literature. We finalised search by September 2019. Results Our study showed that the Formation of Health Care sector started in 1995 and since then, health promotion has been an important component of Public Health in the country. Moreover, four out of eight main goals of the 'Millennium Development Goals in Georgia' address health issues. Implementation of state programs and public health measures in the field of public health remains a main priority for the 'National Center for Disease Control and Public Health' (NCDC). Working areas of the center include development of health promotion, disease prevention strategies and programs. Currently, the NCDC is implementing nine state programs with this regard. However, our analyses showed that improvement of population's health is a complex process and requires coordinated actions by involving the following sectors: government, health, social and economic, NGOs, local municipalities, media and industrial sectors, health researchers and civil society. Conclusions Our study clearly demonstrates that health promotion strategies are essential for the improvement of nation's general health and welfare. However, increasing tendency of NCDs in the country requires the strengthening of existing programs as well as developing and implementing new strategies. Key messages The health promotion strategy, with its multi-component and multilateral nature, has the greatest potential to improve public health in Georgia. Strategies are particularly effective when it is strengthened by other actions, including partnership, community and intersectional involvement in decision-making.

scholarly journals Mass Sporting and Physical Activity Events—Are They “Bread and Circuses” or Public Health Interventions to Increase Population Levels of Physical Activity?

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh M. Murphy ◽  
Adrian Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evidence Of Impact

Background:Large-scale, one-off sporting or physical activity (PA) events are often thought to impact population PA levels. This article reviews the evidence and explores the nature of the effect.Methods:A search of the published and grey literature was conducted to July 2005 using relevant databases, web sources, and personal contacts. Impacts are described at the individual, societal and community, and environmental levels.Results:Few quality evaluations have been conducted. While mass sporting events appear to influence PA-related infrastructure, there is scant evidence of impact on individual participation at the population level. There is some evidence that events promoting active transport can positively affect PA.Conclusions:The public health potential of major sporting and PA events is often cited, but evidence for public health benefit is lacking. An evaluation framework is proposed.

scholarly journals Aligning US Spending Priorities Using the Health Impact Pyramid Lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (S2) ◽  
pp. S181-S185
Author(s):  
J. Mac McCullough ◽  
Jonathon P. Leider ◽  
Beth Resnick ◽  
David Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Care Services

Thomas Frieden’s “health impact pyramid” presents a hierarchy in which the wide base of the pyramid of socioeconomic factors at a population level has more impact on the health of the public than do individually focused interventions at the pyramid’s top. From this pyramid perspective, the US spending priorities are misaligned, as expenses targeted at public health and socioeconomic factors are far outstripped by spending on individual health care services at the top of the pyramid. The nation’s ongoing debate on health care reform continues to focus on access to individual health care services, despite evidence demonstrating the health impacts of population-level efforts at the base of the pyramid and the synergistic health impacts of health and social service collaboration. We examine the need for improved systems alignment through the lens of the health impact pyramid. We catalog the types of misalignments and their social, political, and systems genesis. We identify promising opportunities to realign US health spending toward the socioeconomic factor base of the health impact pyramid and emphasize the need to integrate and align public health, social services, and medical care in the United States.

scholarly journals Suicide capacity within the ideation-to-action framework: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043649
Author(s):  
Luke T Bayliss ◽  
Andrea Lamont-Mills ◽  
Carol du Plessis ◽  
Talia Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Human Participants

IntroductionA core facilitator of the transition from suicidal thoughts to suicide attempt is the individual’s capacity for suicide. Suicide capacity is a theoretically universal concept adaptable for specific groups that is hypothesised to comprise three contributing factors: acquired capability, for example, previous self-harm; dispositional, such as genetic influences and practical, knowledge of and access to lethal means. Given that suicide capacity as a concept is continuing to develop, a review and synthesis of the current literature is timely to ensure future research and development of suicide prevention strategies are based on evidential knowledge. The aim of this review is to map the available evidence to provide an overview of factors that contribute to an adult’s capacity for suicide.Methods and analysisThis review will encompass five stages. Studies will be identified through broad search strings applied to 11 academic databases: Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Psychology & Behavioural Sciences, & Sociology Source Ultimate via EBSCOHost Megafile Ultimate; PubMed; Science Direct; Wiley Online; Taylor & Francis and ProQuest dissertations and theses. Grey literature databases and key suicide organisations will also be searched for relevant literature. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts then review full texts to identify articles meeting inclusion criteria. Articles will be assessed for eligibility based on suicide attempt history, primary research study design, language and publication date. Data from eligible full texts will be extracted using a predesigned template for analysis. The synthesisation method will be textual narrative synthesis with an incorporated quality appraisal checklist tool.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this scoping review as no human participants are involved. Study findings will be shared with key suicide organisations, through peer-reviewed publications, and conference presentations.

scholarly journals Validation of a deprivation index for public health: a complex exercise illustrated by the Quebec index

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pampalon ◽  
D Hamel ◽  
P Gamache ◽  
A Simpson ◽  
MD Philibert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Deprivation Index ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Validation Criteria ◽  
Deprivation Indices ◽  
Factual Data

Introduction Despite the widespread use of deprivation indices in public health, they are rarely explicitly or extensively validated, owing to the complex nature of the exercise. Methods Based on the proposals of British researchers, we sought to validate Quebec's material and social deprivation index using criteria of validity (content, criterion and construct validity), reliability and responsiveness, as well as other properties relevant to public health (comprehensibility, objectivity and practicality). Results We reviewed the international literature on deprivation indices, as well as publications and uses of the Quebec index, to which we added factual data. Conclusion Based on the review, it appears that the Quebec index responds favourably to the proposed validation criteria and properties. However, additional validations are required to better identify the contextual factors associated with the index.

PENERAPAN CLUSTERING PADA PENDUDUK YANG MEMPUNYAI KELUHAN KESEHATAN DENGAN DATAMINING K-MEANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Rofiqo ◽  
Agus Perdana Windarto ◽  
Dedy Hartama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Health Complaints ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The Government

This study aims to utilize Clushtering Algorithm in grouping the number of people who have health complaints with the K-means algorithm in Indonesia. The source of this research data was collected based on the documents of the provincial population which had health complaints produced by the National Statistics Agency. The data used in this study are data from 2013-2017 consisting of 34 provinces. The method used in this research is K-means Algorithm. Data will be processed by clushtering in 3 clushter, namely clusther high health complaints, clusther moderate and low health complaints. Centroid data for high population level clusters 37.48, Centroid data for moderate population level clusters 27.08, and Centroid data for low population level clusters 14.89. So that obtained an assessment based on the population index that has health complaints with 7 provinces of high health complaints, namely Central Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, Gorontalo, 18 provinces of moderate health complaints, and 9 other provinces including low health complaints. This can be an input to the government to give more attention to residents in each region who have high health complaints through improving public health services so that the Indonesian population becomes healthier without health complaints.Keywords: data mining, health complaints, clustering, K-means, Indonesian residents

Improving Disease Outbreak Forecasting Models for Efficient Targeting of Public Health Resources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasantha Fernando ◽  
Sriganesh Lokanathan ◽  
Amal Shehan Perera ◽  
Azhar Ghouse ◽  
Hasitha Tissera
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Forecasting Models
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