scholarly journals Hyperthermia Affects Immune and Oxidative Stress Indices of Immune Organs of Broilers by Changing the Expressions of ABCG2, SVCT-2 and MCU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuheng Xue ◽  
Chunhuan Ren ◽  
Luping Wang ◽  
Mengzhu Xu Xu ◽  
Caiyun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: As global temperatures rise, heat stress has become one of the major environmental stressors in the poultry industry. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on immune function and oxidative stress, and further reveal the possible mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by heat stress for thymus and spleen of broilers. Methods: At the age of 28 days, thirty broilers were randomly divided into the control group (25 ± 2°C; 24 h/day) and the heat stress group (36 ± 2°C; 8 h/day); the experience was lasted for 1 week. At the end of the experience, the broilers per group were respectively euthanized and collected some samples, then to be analyzed. Results: The results showed that the levels of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70,P＜ 0.01), corticosterone (CORT,P＜ 0.01), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA, P＜ 0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6, P＜ 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, P＜ 0.01) in serum were significantly higher in heat stress group than that in the control group; The activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and contents of glutathione (GSH) in heat stress group significantly reduced (P＜ 0.05) in serum. Compared with the control group, the birds subjected to heat stress reduced the weight (P＜ 0.01) and the indices of thymus (P＜ 0.01), the activities of T-AOC (P＜ 0.01) and SOD (P＜ 0.05) of spleen, and levels of IL-10 (P＜ 0.05) and the GSH-PX (P＜ 0.05) in thymus and spleen, and increased the IL-6 content of thymus (P＜ 0.05), the MDA content (P＜ 0.01), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (P＜ 0.01) in thymus and spleen. Moreover, the expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) gene in thymus and spleen of heat stressed broiler significantly increased by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR; P＜ 0.05); However, the expression of immunoglobulin M (IgM) gene in spleen significantly increased (P＜ 0.05), and had no significant difference (P＞ 0.05) in thymus of heat-stressed broiler. Furthermore, the relative expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in thymus and spleen (P＜ 0.05), sodium dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT-2, P＜ 0.01) and mitochondria calcium uniporter (MCU, P＜ 0.01) mRNA in thymus of heat stressed broilers significantly increased; and the expression of ABCG2 (P＜ 0.05), SVCT-2 (P＜ 0.01) and MCU (P＜ 0.01) protein of thymus and spleen in the heat-stressed broiler increased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusions: In summary, the study confirmed that heat stress caused oxidative stress to immune organs of broilers, further reduced immune function. Moreover, the potential mechanisms of heat stress-induced oxidative stress for thymus and spleen was further reveal in broilers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Herniarin on Spatial Working Memory, Pain Threshold, and Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Hypoperfusion Model in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Zahra Nazari Barchestani ◽  
◽  
Maryam Rafieirad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Ischemic Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Ischemia causes severe neuronal damage and induces oxidative stress, memory impairment, and reduces pain threshold. Herniarin is a powerful antioxidant. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herniarin on memory, pain, and oxidative stress in an ischemia model in male rats. Materials & Methods: In this study, 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups of control, sham, ischemic, and two other ischemic groups, which received herniarin at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg by gavage for 14 days. Behavioral tests were performed by shuttle box, and Y-maze and pain tests were performed by Tail-Flick test. Then, the rats’ brains were extracted to evaluate lipid peroxidation and measure the levels of thiol and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampus and striatum tissues. The results were expressed as Mean±SEM and then analyzed using suitable statistical methods of ANOVA and least significant difference post-hoc test in SPSS V. 20. Results: Herniarin significantly increased the avoidance memory, spatial memory, and pain thresholds of ischemic rats at different concentrations (P<0.001). Besides, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol in the ischemic group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). Also, in the ischemic group, GPX (P<0.001) significantly decreased. Decreased MDA (P<0.001) and thiol (P<0.001) and increased GPX levels were observed with herniarin administration (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to this study’s results, herniarin can remove free radicals and oxidant substances from the brain. Thus, it improves memory and pain thresholds in the brain hypoperfusion ischemia model.

Evaluation of oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Doğan ◽  
Erdal Peker ◽  
Ercan Kirimi ◽  
Ertan Sal ◽  
Sinan Akbayram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and/or kernicterus and to find whether there is a relationship between bilirubin level and oxidant/antioxidant status. Patients: The study includes 69 full-term newborns (neonates with hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy [Group 1, n = 36] and neonates with kernicterus [Group 2, n = 33]) and 25 age-matched healthy newborn. Results: Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum total oxidant status (TOS) were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 than the control group. There was a significant difference between Group 1 and control cases for malondialdehyde (MDA; p < 0.001). Total free sulfhydryl group (TTHI) values were significantly elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and control cases. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between total bilirubin (TB) and TAC, TOS, MDA and oxidative stress index may be expressed by a quadratic curve. After phototherapy, a statistically significant increase in nitrite level was observed. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the relationship between serum TB and antioxidants and oxidative stress could be expressed by a quadratic correlation curve.

scholarly journals Effect of chitosan on blood profile, inflammatory cytokines by activating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestine of heat stressed mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Ghulam Mohyuddin ◽  
Aftab Qamar ◽  
Can-ying Hu ◽  
Sheng-Wei Chen ◽  
Jia-ying Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Body Heat

AbstractHeat stress can significantly affect the immune function of the animal body. Heat stress stimulates oxidative stress in intestinal tissue and suppresses the immune responses of mice. The protecting effects of chitosan on heat stress induced colitis have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of chitosan on immune function in heat stressed mice. Mice were exposed to heat stress (40 °C per day for 4 h) for 14 consecutive days. The mice (C57BL/6J), were randomly divided into three groups including: control group, heat stress, Chitosan group (LD: group 300 mg/kg/day, MD: 600 mg/kg/day, HD: 1000 mg/kg/day). The results showed that tissue histology was improved in chitosan groups than heat stress group. The current study showed that the mice with oral administration of chitosan groups had improved body performance as compared with the heat stress group. The results also showed that in chitosan treated groups the production of HSP70, TLR4, p65, TNF-α, and IL-10 was suppressed on day 1, 7, and 14 as compared to the heat stress group. In addition Claudin-2, and Occludin mRNA levels were upregulated in mice receiving chitosan on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Furthermore, the IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α plasma levels were down-regulated on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress in mice receiving the oral administration of chitosan. In conclusion, the results showed that chitosan has an anti-inflammatory ability to tolerate hot environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Muhammad Jawad ◽  
Aatik Arsh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective: To assess the DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karak, Pakistan from March to October 2019. A total of 240 individuals participated in the study with an age range between 17 to 55 years. Among the total sample, 60 participants had exposure to traffic pollution while 60 were mine workers. Two control groups, consisting of 60 individuals each, were also recruited for comparison with the two exposure groups. Comet assay protocols were performed for assessing DNA damage and oxidative stress (length of DNA tail, levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH)). Data was analyzed using T-test on statistix 9.0 software. Results: The DNA tail length in traffic conductors ranged from 26.83-30.55µm (Mean=28.69 µm while their control group had DNA tail length of 7.98-9.26µm (Mean= 8.62). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between exposure and control group. The DNA length recorded in coal mine workers and their control group was ranged from 29.06-31.26µm (Mean=30.16µm) and 9.42-10.22µm (Mean=9.82), respectively. There was significant difference (P <0.001) between the two groups. As compared to control groups, both exposure groups have high levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde and low levels of Glutathione. The finding was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: Increased inhalational exposure to air pollutants via working in traffic or coal mines can impose higher oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers as compared to the general population. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 How to cite this:Ullah I, Zahid M, Jawad M, Arsh A. Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Heat stress modulates polymorphonuclear cell response in early pregnancy cows: I. interferon pathway and oxidative stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257418
Author(s):  
Carolina dos Santos Amaral ◽  
Gabrielle Rebeca Everling Correa ◽  
Lady Katerine Serrano Mujica ◽  
Mariani Farias Fiorenza ◽  
Suzan Gonçalves Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Interferon Pathway ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

One of the major causes of early pregnancy loss is heat stress. In ruminants, interferon tau (IFNT) is the embryo signal to the mother. Once the interferon signaling pathway is activated, it drives gene expression for interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and alters neutrophils responses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate interferon (IFN) pathway, ISGs and gene expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and oxidative stress in dairy cows under heat stress. Pregnant cows had their estrous cycle synchronized and randomly assigned to a comfort or heat stress group. Blood samples were collected at artificial insemination (AI) and on Days 10, 14 and 18 following AI. Pregnant cows were pregnancy checked by ultrasound on Day 30 and confirmed on Day 60 post-AI. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. The corpus luteum (CL) diameter was not different between groups of pregnant cows; concentration of progesterone of pregnant cows on Day 18 following AI was greater in comfort group compared to heat stressed group. Comfort pregnant cows had higher expression of all analyzed genes from interferon pathway, except for IFNAR1, on both Days 14 and 18. Conversely, heat stressed cows did not show altered expression of IFNT pathway genes and ISGs between Days 10, 14, and 18 after AI. The oxidative stress, determined as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, was greater in heat stress group on Days 10, 14 and 18, independent of pregnancy status. Heat stress negatively influences expression of ISGs, IFN pathway gene expression in neutrophils, and oxidative stress. Our data suggest that lower conception rates in cows under heat stress are multifactorial, with the association of interferon pathway activation and the unbalanced oxidative stress being main contributing factors.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF THYMUS ON BROILER UNDER CHRONIC HEAT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ratna Andriani ◽  
Arimbi Arimbi ◽  
Dadik Rahardjo ◽  
Hani Plumeriastuti ◽  
Djoko Legowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Stress Condition

The aim of this research was to know histopathological change of broiler’s thymus which exposed by chronic heat stress. The results revealed that there were negative impact on immune organ (thymus). Broiler that exposed to chronic heat stress showed significantly increased number of heterophil and apoptosis histiocytes and cell depletion. There were 20 broilers that divided into 2 groups, each group consist of 10 broiler. Control group (P0) reared at temperature 24-28oC and humidity 40-55% and Heat Stress group (P1) reared at temperature 36-40oC on the litter housing system at Experimental Animals Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Before the treatments, broiler had been reared from day-old-chicks to 21-day-old, then continued with heat stress condition from day 22 to 42. Thymus was collected on day 42 to examine histopathological change of thymus and analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed significant difference (P<0.05) between Control group and HS (Heat Stress) group by increased number of heterophil, apoptosis histiocytes and cell depletion.

scholarly journals Roles of FadRACB system in formaldehyde detoxification, oxidative stress alleviation and antibiotic susceptibility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Hua Li ◽  
Cheng-Mu Wu ◽  
Yi-Tsung Lin ◽  
Sz-Yun Pan ◽  
Tsuey-Ching Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Stress Alleviation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Formaldehyde Toxicity ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Formaldehyde toxicity is invariably stressful for microbes. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a human opportunistic pathogen, is widely distributed in different environments and has evolved an array of systems to alleviate various stresses. Objectives To characterize the role of the formaldehyde detoxification system FadRACB of S. maltophilia in formaldehyde detoxification, oxidative stress alleviation and antibiotic susceptibility. Methods Presence of the fadRACB operon was verified by RT–PCR. Single or combined deletion mutants of the fadRACB operon were constructed for functional assays. Formaldehyde, menadione and quinolone susceptibilities were assessed by observing cell viability in formaldehyde-, menadione- and quinolone-containing media, respectively. Susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide was evaluated by disc diffusion assay. The agar dilution method was used to assess bacterial antibiotic susceptibilities. Expression of fadRACB was assessed by quantitative RT–PCR. Results The fadR, fadA, fadC and fadB genes were arranged in an operon. Mutants of fadA and/or fadB were more susceptible to formaldehyde and oxidative stress than the WT KJ strain of S. maltophilia. No significant difference was observed in the ability of a fadC single mutant to ameliorate formaldehyde and oxidative stress; however, simultaneous inactivation of fadA, fadB and fadC further enhanced susceptibility to formaldehyde and oxidative stress. In addition, compared with WT KJ, the triple mutant KJΔFadACB was more susceptible to quinolones and more resistant to aminoglycosides. FadR functions as a repressor for the fadRACB operon. The FadRACB operon has moderate expression in aerobically grown WT KJ and is further derepressed by formaldehyde challenge or oxidative stress, but not by antibiotics. Conclusions The FadACB system contributes to mitigation of formaldehyde toxicity and oxidative stress and cross-protects S. maltophilia from quinolones.

The impact of different biocompatible coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits on inflammatory response and oxidative stress

Perfusion ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sohn ◽  
J. Marcoux ◽  
T. Mycyk ◽  
J. Krahn ◽  
QH Meng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

This study was to compare the impact of different biocompatible coated circuits on inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Seventy-eight patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with CPB were randomly assigned to five groups with different biocompatible coated circuits: Trillium, Bioline, Phosphorylcholine, Polymethoxyethyl acrylate (PMEA), and the uncoated control group. Blood was drawn at three different time points: before CPB, 6 and 72 hours post CPB. Unlike the Trillium group, serum levels of TNF-α in the Bioline and Phosphorylcholine groups significantly increased only at 72 hours post CPB (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-6 significantly increased at 6 and 72 hours post CPB in all groups (p < 0.01). The Trillium group showed a significant increase of IL-10 compared to the control group at 72 hours post CPB (p < 0.05). Serum levels of NOx in the Phosphorylcholine group significantly decreased at 6 hours post CPB compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Both the Bioline and Phosphorylcholine groups showed statistical decreases in serum NOx levels compared with other groups at 6 hours post CPB (p < 0.05). A significant difference in NOx levels between the Bioline and the control group was also observed at 72 hours post CPB. Myeloperoxidase levels were significantly elevated at 6 and 72 hours post CPB in all groups (p < 0.05). Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are elevated during CABG with CPB. Heparin-coated and the Phosphorylcholine-coated circuits induce less inflammatory responses and oxidative stress compared to other circuits.

scholarly journals Effects of Thymoquinone on Sperm Parameters, Apoptosis, Testosterone Level, and Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of D-Galactose-Induced Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Saleheh Attari ◽  
Shabnam Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Hossein Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Soukhtanloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: The aging process is accompanied by low secretion of sex hormones and testicular apoptosis. The antioxidant properties of thymoquinone (TQ) may prevent the effects of aging. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of different doses of TQ were investigated on sperm parameters, testosterone level, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in a mouse model of D-galactose-induced aging. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group did not receive any injections, while the D-galactose group received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg of D-galactose for 42 days. The TQ1-TQ3 groups received intraperitoneal injections of 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/kg of TQ plus D-galactose, respectively for 14 days (from the 1st to the 14th day of the experiment). The morphometric analysis, testicular apoptosis examination, and sperm analysis were performed, and testosterone level, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde level were evaluated on day 42 of the experiment. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Administration of TQ in the TQ1 group caused a significant difference in sperm parameters, compared to the D-galactose group (P<0.05). The lowest amount of positive tunnel cells was related to 5 mg/kg of TQ and the highest to 2.5 mg/kg of TQ. There was no significant difference in the parameters of seminal vesicles, epididymis, prostate, and testis between the groups (P>0.05). The malondialdehyde level were decreased in the TQ1-TQ3 groups, compared to the D-galactose group (P<0.001). On the other hand, the total antioxidant capacity was increased significantly in the TQ1 group, compared to the D-galactose group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Administration of 5 mg of TQ for 14 days improved sperm quality and biochemical parameters, while reducing apoptotic cells of the testes in a mouse model of aging.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Hypo and Hyperthyroid Rat Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Najafi ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Elham Chamani ◽  
Mahdi Honarbakhsh ◽  
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Background: Thyroid functional disorders are relatively common in the general population. Different factors play a role in the development of thyroid disorders. These factors can be associated with the deterioration of the oxidation state of the body and the induction of oxidative stress. Thyroid hormones play an important role in the oxidation state. Objectives: Regarding the role of oxidative stress in different pathologies and the development of various complications, including thyroid disorders, we aimed to compare the biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in hypo and hyperthyroid rat models. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups of control, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were inducted with PTU (propylthiouracil) and LTX (levothyroxine), respectively. After five weeks of induction, serum biochemical factors and oxidative stress parameters, such as TAC (total antioxidant capacity), MDA (Malondialdehyde), and the thiol group, were measured in these groups. Results: The means of TAC, MDA and UA (uric acid) in the hyperthyroid group were significantly higher than those in the hypothyroid group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05) but the mean of thiol in the hypothyroid group was significantly higher than that of the hyperthyroid group (P < 0.01). Also, the mean of TAC level in the hypothyroid group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05) and the mean of thiol group in the hypothyroid group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no other significant difference between the groups compared to the control group. Among the biochemical parameters, the mean LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) in the hyperthyroid group also showed a significant difference in comparison to the hypothyroid group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the mean of the other biochemical parameters. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with a disturbance in the oxidation state of the body, and the use of antioxidants can help improve these diseases, especially in hyperthyroidism, due to enhanced metabolism and production of more free radicals.

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