Contact Tracing During The COVID-19 Pandemic In District Health Directorate Example in Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract Background: After March 2020, with the first case of novel coronavirus, Turkish health care system switched to state of emergency to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to control the pandemic, a scientific committee was established, guidelines were prepared, and filiation/contact tracing studies were started. Field investigation and isolation teams were established, and District Health Directorates (DHD) became frontline primary care organizations to manage contact tracing in Turkey. Case presentation: In this report, pandemic management and contact tracing were evaluated in example of Kartal DHD from Istanbul, Turkey. The report contains the details about the planning process, Kartal DHD Pandemic Management priorities, aim and planning of this policy, coordination and cooperation with other institutes to overcome this extraordinary state. Also, evaluation of the contact tracing and telemedicine usage in the pandemic management is examined as well with future implications. Conclusions: From the SWOT analysis to planning process, this report attempts to describe how this state of emergency was managed and how effective the contact tracing management process was. With its detailed key points of the pandemic management and future perspectives, it has been written in terms of preparation for the future pandemics.

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Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in Hong Kong from January 16 to February 15, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18805/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shi Zhao ◽

Daozhou Gao ◽

Zian Zhuang ◽

Marc KC Chong ◽

Yongli Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Lognormal Distribution ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Distribution Model ◽

First Case ◽

Public Data ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Censored Likelihood

Abstract Background: The emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a large outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of February 15, there were 56 COVID-19 cases confirmed in Hong Kong since the first case with symptom onset on January 23, 2020. Methods: Based on the publicly available surveillance data, we identified 21 transmission events, which occurred in Hong Kong, and had primary cases known, as of February 15, 2020. An interval censored likelihood framework is adopted to fit three different distributions, Gamma, Weibull and lognormal, that govern the SI of COVID-19. We selection the distribution according to the Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc). Findings: We found the Lognormal distribution performed lightly better than the other two distributions in terms of the AICc. Assuming a Lognormal distribution model, we estimated the mean of SI at 4.9 days (95%CI: 3.6−6.2) and SD of SI at 4.4 days (95%CI: 2.9−8.3) by using the information of all 21 transmission events in Hong Kong. Conclusion: The SI of COVID-19 may be shorter than the preliminary estimates in previous works. Given the likelihood that SI could be shorter than the incubation period, pre-symptomatic transmission may occur, and extra efforts on timely contact tracing and quarantine are crucially needed in combating the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in Hong Kong from January 16 to February 15, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18805/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shi Zhao ◽

Daozhou Gao ◽

Zian Zhuang ◽

Marc KC Chong ◽

Yongli Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Small Sample ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Distributed Model ◽

First Case ◽

Public Data ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Censored Likelihood

Abstract Background: The emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a large outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of February 15, there were 56 COVID-19 cases confirmed in Hong Kong since the first case with symptom onset on January 23, 2020.Methods: Based on the publicly available surveillance data, we identified 21 transmission events, which occurred in Hong Kong, and had primary cases known, as of February 15, 2020. An interval censored likelihood framework is adopted to fit three different distributions, Gamma, Weibull and lognormal, that govern the SI of COVID-19. We select the distribution according to the Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc).Findings: We found the Gamma distribution performed lightly better than the other two distributions. Assuming a Gamma distributed model, we estimated the mean of SI at 4.4 days (95%CI: 2.9−6.7) and SD of SI at 3.0 days (95%CI: 1.8−5.8) by using the information of all 21 transmission events in Hong Kong.Conclusion: The SI of COVID-19 may be shorter than the preliminary estimates in previous works. Given the likelihood that SI could be shorter than the incubation period, pre-symptomatic transmission may occur, and extra efforts on timely contact tracing and quarantine are crucially needed in combating the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Epidemiology of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVD-19)Outbreak Cases in Oyo State South West Nigeria March -April 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29502/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aishat Bukola Usman ◽

Olubunmi Ayinde ◽

Akinfemi Akinyode ◽

Abass Gbolahan ◽

Wole Lawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Disease ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Capital City ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Epidemic Curve ◽

First Case ◽

Early Case ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction: On March 17th, 2020, Oyo State recorded her first case of COVID-19 through a United Kingdom returnee. Oyo State Ministry of Health with the support of technical and development partners responded quickly and effectively to contain the outbreak. The outbreak was characterized by place, person and time.Methods: Field investigations were conducted and contact tracing and follow up done, all confirmed cases were identified, line-listed and analyzed using Epi-info version 7.Results: A total of 34confirmed cases were identified all within the capital city of Oyo State and two transferred from other states .The mean age was 49.1 ± 2.0 years with over 40% within the age group 50-59 years. There were 11(35.5%) health care workers infection. The case-fatality was 6.5%. The epidemic curve initially shows a typical propagated pattern, followed by a point source; though atypical.Conclusion: Outbreak of COVID-19 was confirmed in Oyo State. Field investigation provided information on the characteristics of persons, time and place. Intensified surveillance activities such as contact tracing and follow- up ,drive through testing and active case search were useful in early case detection and control of the outbreak

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Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in Hong Kong from January 16 to February 15, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18805/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shi Zhao ◽

Daozhou Gao ◽

Zian Zhuang ◽

Marc KC Chong ◽

Yongli Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Small Sample ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Distributed Model ◽

First Case ◽

Public Data ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Censored Likelihood

Abstract Background : The emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a large outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of February 15, there were 56 COVID-19 cases confirmed in Hong Kong since the first case with symptom onset on January 23, 2020. Methods : Based on the publicly available surveillance data, we identified 21 transmission events, which occurred in Hong Kong, and had primary cases known, as of February 15, 2020. An interval censored likelihood framework is adopted to fit three different distributions, Gamma, Weibull and lognormal, that govern the SI of COVID-19. We selection the distribution according to the Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc). Findings : We found the Lognormal distribution performed lightly better than the other two distributions in terms of the AICc. Assuming a Lognormal distributed model, we estimated the mean of SI at 3.9 days (95%CI: 2.7−7.3) and SD of SI at 3.1 days (95%CI: 1.7−10.1) by using the information of all 21 transmission events in Hong Kong. Conclusion : The SI of COVID-19 may be shorter than the preliminary estimates in previous works. Given the likelihood that SI could be shorter than the incubation period, pre-symptomatic transmission may occur, and extra efforts on timely contact tracing and quarantine are crucially needed in combating the COVID-19 outbreak.

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Tackling the COVID-19 pandemic: the Bangladesh perspective

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2020.1794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Taimur Islam ◽

Anup Kumar Talukder ◽

Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽

Tofazzal Islam

Keyword(s):

Public Awareness ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Government Organizations ◽

Personal Awareness ◽

Private Organizations ◽

First Case ◽

The Government ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Multi Disciplinary Team

An outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic disease, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has posed a serious threat to global human health. Bangladesh has also come under the attack of this viral disease. Here, we aimed to describe the responses of Bangladesh to tackle the COVID-19, particularly on how Bangladesh is dealing with this novel viral disease with its limited resources. The first case of a COVID-19 patient was detected in Bangladesh on March 8, 2020. Since then, a total of 263,503 peoples are officially reported as COVID-19 infected with 3,471 deaths until August 11, 2020. To combat the COVID-19, the government has taken various steps viz. diagnosis of the suspected cases, quarantine of doubted people and isolation of infected patients, local or regional lockdown, closure of all government and private offices, increase public awareness and enforce social distancing, etc. Moreover, to address the socio-economic situations, the government announced several financial stimulus packages of about USD 11.90 billion. However, the government got 3 months since the disease was first reported in China, but the country failed in making proper strategies including contact tracing, introducing antibody/antigen-based rapid detection kit, and also failed to make multi-disciplinary team to combat this disease. Further, limited testing facilities and inadequate treatment service along with public unawareness are the major challenges for Bangladesh to tackle this situation effectively. Along with the government, personal awareness and assistance of non-government organizations, private organizations, researchers, doctors, industrialists, and international organizations are firmly required to mitigate this highly contagious disease.

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Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Narrative Review Based on Current Status

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352518999201020202540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Rina Das ◽

Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽

Meenakshi Dhanawat

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

World Health ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Research ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

First Case ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Abstract:: A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared and expanded globally by the end of year in 2019 from Wuhan, China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. During its initial stage, the disease was called the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020. The WHO declared worldwide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a pandemic on March 2020. On 30 January 2020 the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in India. Now in current situation the virus is floating in almost every part of the province and rest of the globe. -: On the basis of novel published evidences, we efficiently summarized the reported work with reference to COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogen, clinical symptoms, treatment and prevention. Using several worldwide electronic scientific databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Science direct, Scopus, etc were utilized for extensive investigation of relevant literature. -: This review is written in the hope of encouraging the people successfully with the key learning points from the underway efforts to perceive and manage SARS-CoV-2, suggesting sailent points for expanding future research.

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Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083806999201125122620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

Author(s):

Ravindra Verma ◽

Vaibhav Misra ◽

Dileep Tiwari ◽

Prakash S. Bisen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

First Case ◽

Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: Many environmental risk factors are associated with some form of chronic inflammation. The spread of COVID-19 across the world has impacted every one of us. The first case of coronavirus was reported on 30 January 2020 in India originating from China. Study Area: India has a tremendous capacity to deal with the coronavirus outbreak because of its high immunity and climatic conditions. Maintaining social distancing and hand washing is not a sufficient step for preventing COVID-19. Indian system of traditional medicine has a potential worth to enhance immunity, which can resist a novel coronavirus. Material & Methods: A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, Mendeley), thesis, and recognized books. Only Indian herbs with high immunity resistant power were analyzed. Epidemiologic studies with information on COVID-19 risk factors and precautions also considered for study purposes. Results: Some herbs like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), Curcuma domestica Vahl (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Cinnamon (Dalchini), Shoot of Triticumaestivum Linn. (Wheatgrass), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), can help in boosting immunity for COVID-19 disease. Discussion: Despite the shreds of evidence for the efficacy of these herbs in treating coronavirus induced infections; the proper dose with ideal timing for such interventions needs to verify in clinical trials. Researchers must have to take the privilege to explore the potential of herbs to reduce such epidemics of environmental threats.

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Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework & modelling to aid local Covid-19 response & mitigation: Viewpoint (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19814 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Helmi Zakariah ◽

Fadzilah bt Kamaluddin ◽

Choo-Yee Ting ◽

Hui-Jia Yee ◽

Shereen Allaham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Vulnerable Population ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Inherent Risk ◽

Transmission Area ◽

Current Outbreak ◽

Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has been a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that plays a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework to georeference the COVID-19 with an operational platform to plan response & execute mitigation activities. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.

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Modeling and Forecasting of COVID-19 Spreading by Delayed Stochastic Differential Equations

Axioms ◽

10.3390/axioms10010018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Marouane Mahrouf ◽

Adnane Boukhouima ◽

Houssine Zine ◽

El Mehdi Lotfi ◽

Delfim F. M. Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Data ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Population Parameter ◽

The Novel ◽

First Case ◽

Epidemiological Trend ◽

Modeling And Forecasting ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Parameter Values ◽

Stochastic Time

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia has posed a great threat to the world recent months by causing many deaths and enormous economic damage worldwide. The first case of COVID-19 in Morocco was reported on 2 March 2020, and the number of reported cases has increased day by day. In this work, we extend the well-known SIR compartmental model to deterministic and stochastic time-delayed models in order to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Morocco and to assess the potential role of multiple preventive measures and strategies imposed by Moroccan authorities. The main features of the work include the well-posedness of the models and conditions under which the COVID-19 may become extinct or persist in the population. Parameter values have been estimated from real data and numerical simulations are presented for forecasting the COVID-19 spreading as well as verification of theoretical results.

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Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1145

Author(s):

Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi ◽

Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar ◽

Xinlin He ◽

Chengfei Li ◽

Morteza Karimpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

World Health ◽

H1n1 Pandemic ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

First Case ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

Influenza is a highly known contagious viral infection that has been responsible for the death of many people in history with pandemics. These pandemics have been occurring every 10 to 30 years in the last century. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. A decade ago, the H1N1 virus caused 12,500 deaths in just 19 months globally. Now, again, the world has been challenged with another pandemic. Since December 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan. This infection has risen rapidly throughout the world; even the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 as a worldwide emergency to ensure human health and public safety. This review article aims to discuss important issues relating to COVID-19, including clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 and recent progress in diagnosis and treatment approaches for the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight key similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza A to ensure the theoretical and practical details of COVID-19.

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