Analysis of the Definition of «Change»as an Economic Category

The paper investigated general world trends in the field of business change in business, in which the authors highlighted a versatile view of science and summarized information on definitions of “change”, providing each of the existing list of definitions that relates to scale. The authors analyzed theoretical approaches to the definition of various scholars and identified the main characteristics of these approaches. The analysis showed that most scholars are interpreting changes as a generalization category based on general economic provisions relating to strategic potential, free markets, behavioral properties. According to the results of the study, the authors formed a summary table, which reflects a separate characteristic and interpretation of the term “change”, provided by various scientists. As a result of the study, the authors formed the actual interpretation of definitions on the basis of processed literature, which, unlike other treats changes, as an organizational process that is in constant motion and adaptation to a new information economy. In this case, as the main driver of adaptation to changes, the authors consider a business process model of the organizational structure, which is based on optimizing functional and information flows and a dramatically different approach to the use of human resources. Practical examples given by the authors confirm the main thesis of all scholars, which consists in the inevitability of the introduction of transformational business management techniques, which are considered to be more flexible, and therefore more effective in today's realities of the world economy. The authors provided recommendations on further research of changes in processes that should focus on a clear balance between the development of new methodological approaches and their scientific substantiation.

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Methods of the Fiscal Mechanism for Regulating the Investment Development of the Ukrainian Economy

Accounting and Finance ◽

10.33146/2307-9878-2020-3(89)-71-76 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

Viktoriya Rudenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

National Economy ◽

Financial Policy ◽

Investment Activity ◽

Economic Issues ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Scientific Substantiation ◽

Definition Of ◽

And Control ◽

Financial Mechanism

In market conditions, one of the main regulators of economic development is the financial mechanism, a key element of which is the fiscal mechanism for regulating the national economy investment development. Currently, the methods of the fiscal mechanism are not used effectively enough in Ukrainian practice, as evidenced by the low investment attractiveness of the economy and weak investment activity of economic entities. Therefore, the definition of the essence and components of methods of the fiscal mechanism is currently among the important financial and economic issues, the scientific substantiation of which largely depends on the economy investment development. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical approaches to the functioning of the methods of the financial mechanism and on this basis to determine the content and composition of the methods of the fiscal mechanism. It was determined that there are various approaches to understanding the essence of financial methods (as means, forms, methods, rules) and three conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the methods of financial mechanism: management (considers the methods of financial mechanism as processes in which implementation of financial policy); organizational (treats the methods of the financial mechanism as a means of organizing financial relations, which are formed in the process of implementing financial policy); complex (characterizes the methods of the financial mechanism as a process of organizing financial relations to achieve the objectives of financial policy). As a result of research of theoretical bases of functioning of financial methods the essence of methods of the fiscal mechanism of regulation of national economy investment development was substantiated. The main methods of the fiscal mechanism were identified, including planning, organization and control. The basic requirements to functioning of methods of the fiscal mechanism of regulation of the national economy investment development were considered.

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POTENTIAL OF RESTAURANT GASTRO-TUR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRONOMIC TOURISM OF LVIV

GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM ◽

10.17721/2308-135x.2019.49.73-82 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 73-82

Author(s):

Marta Pylypivna Mal'ska ◽

Yuriy Volodymyrovych Zinkо ◽

Maria Ivanovna Fil

Keyword(s):

Restaurant Industry ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Tourist Infrastructure ◽

Scientific Substantiation ◽

Business Entities ◽

Definition Of ◽

Culinary Traditions ◽

Practical Recommendations

Goal. The purpose of the paper is to provide scientific substantiation of theoretical and practical recommendations for the development of gastronomic tourism, using the potential of the restaurant industry. Methodology: research is made up analysis and systematization and synthesis. The basic objects of gastronomic tourism are determined, the potential of restaurant business as a tourist destination is researched. Results: The concept of "restaurant tour", perspectives of development of domestic gastronomic tourism and restaurant business as an object of tourist trip in Lviv is substantiated. The scientific-theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence and objects of gastronomic tourism are revealed; - the potential and opportunities of the sphere of restaurant business in the development of modern tourist infrastructure, including through the development of gastronomic tourism; - measures of development of the domestic restaurant business as a perspective direction of gastronomic tourism and an independent object of tourist trips are offered. Scientific novelty: systematized, generalized and substantiated firms / tour operators who have developed restaurant routes in Lviv for the development of gastronomic tourism. Practical significance: Gastronomic tourism has significant prospects for development, and the organization of gastronomic tours, restaurant gastronomy tours contributes to the revival of national culinary traditions. Business entities in the sphere of restaurant business should become an important part of the development of gastronomic tourism, playing an important role in shaping the quality of life, providing public health and shaping the tourist image of the regions.

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Methodology and tools for the organization's social capital empirical research: the theoretical approaches analysis

Moscow State University Bulletin Series 18 Sociology and Political Science ◽

10.24290/1029-3736-2020-26-4-161-184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 161-184

Author(s):

O. A. Igumnov

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Organizational Social Capital ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

New Information ◽

Minimum Requirements ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Social Associations ◽

Definition Of ◽

Constituent Elements

The article contains the results of the methodological approaches to the formation of tools for the study of organizational social capital analysis. The author identifies theoretical and methodological problems that actualize the operationalization and choice of measurement procedures for the study of social capital in connection with its increasing role in the management of organizations. The article highlights the minimum requirements for the operationalization of social capital which are not implemented in most studies. Based on the analysis, the author identifies deductive (more classical) and inductive methodological strategies. The first strategy requires an initial clear definition of social capital as an object of research and identification of its constituent elements. The second strategy involves constructing the concept of social capital as a result of generalizing empirical phenomena. The results of the analysis of several generalized operationalization schemes proposed by various researchers (“top-down” and “bottom-up” schemes) are presented. It is concluded that the advantages of constructing the concept of social capital on the basis of an empirical approach in comparison with the theoretical and deductive approach which however is limited due to the subject of study. Attempts of social capital meta-analysis are reduced to the study of effects rather than content. The article notes the increasing role of digitalization in the formation of network communities that are transformed under new information and communication structures influence into a diversified type of social associations that do not radically change the nature and content of social capital.

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МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ДІТЕЙ МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

Psychology of Personality ◽

10.15330/ps.8.1.119-126 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126

Author(s):

Марина Орап

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Intelligence ◽

Social Situation ◽

Verbal Response ◽

Primary School Children ◽

School Age ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

The Social ◽

Definition Of ◽

Interpersonal Situations

У статті висвітлено методологічні та практичні засади вивчення онтогенезу соціального інтелекту. Складність вивчення даного соціально-психологічного феномену пов’язана із дотичністю його до багатьох явищ, які описують умови успішності соціальної взаємодії особистості. Проаналізовано наявні теоретичні підходи до визначення змісту та структури соціального інтелекту, до взаємозв’язку останнього з іншими видами інтелекту. Визначено, що дослідження соціального інтелекту молодших школярів слід здійснювати на основі розуміння останнього як здатності, що виникає на базі комплексу інтелектуальних, особистісних, комунікативних і поведінкових рис, що зумовлюють прогнозування розвитку міжособистісних ситуацій, інтерпретацію інформації і поведінки, готовність до соціальної взаємодії і прийняття рішень. Здійснене пілотажне емпіричне дослідження прогностичних можливостей дітей молодшого шкільного віку продемонструвало наявні позитивні кореляційні зв’язки між рівнем розвитку здатності до передбачення найбільш адекватного сценарію розвитку подій у соціальній ситуації та рівнем розвитку мовленнєвого досвіду. Найбільш тісний взаємозв’язок виявлено між рівнем розвитку здатності передбачати адекватну вербальну відповідь у ситуації комунікації та рівнем розвитку мовленнєвої компетентності та мовленнєвої діяльності дітей молодшого шкільного віку. Таким чином, були зроблені попередні висновки про наявність взаємозв’язку між мовленнєвим досвідом та прогностичним можливостями у складі соціального інтелекту дитини молодшого шкільного віку The article outlines the methodological and practical principles of studying the ontogenesis of social intelligence. The complexity of studying this socio-psychological phenomenon is associated with its attractiveness to many phenomena that describe the conditions for the successful social interaction. The existing theoretical approaches to the definition of the content and structure of social intelligence, to the interrelationship of it with other types of intelligence are analyzed. It is determined that research of social intelligence of junior pupils should be carried out on the basis of the understanding of this kind of intelligencer as an ability that based on a complex of intellectual, personal, communicative and behavioral features. This complex predetermines the forecasting of the development of interpersonal situations, the interpretation of information and behavior, readiness for social interaction and decision-making. The research of the prognostic possibilities of primary school children demonstrated the positive correlation between the level of development of the ability to predict the most adequate scenario of the development of events in the social situation and the level of development of speech experience. The closest relationship is found between the level of development of the ability to provide an adequate verbal response in the context of communication and the level of development of speech competence and speech activity of children of junior school age. Thus, was done a conclusion about the existence of a relationship between speech experience and prognostic possibilities in the social intellect of a child of junior school age.

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Mathematical model for the thermal enhancement of radiation response: thermodynamic approach

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84620-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adriana M. De Mendoza ◽

Soňa Michlíková ◽

Johann Berger ◽

Jens Karschau ◽

Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Denaturation ◽

Collateral Damage ◽

Hyperthermia Treatment ◽

Reversible Process ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Thermal Enhancement ◽

Main Driver ◽

Definition Of

AbstractRadiotherapy can effectively kill malignant cells, but the doses required to cure cancer patients may inflict severe collateral damage to adjacent healthy tissues. Recent technological advances in the clinical application has revitalized hyperthermia treatment (HT) as an option to improve radiotherapy (RT) outcomes. Understanding the synergistic effect of simultaneous thermoradiotherapy via mathematical modelling is essential for treatment planning. We here propose a theoretical model in which the thermal enhancement ratio (TER) relates to the cell fraction being radiosensitised by the infliction of sublethal damage through HT. Further damage finally kills the cell or abrogates its proliferative capacity in a non-reversible process. We suggest the TER to be proportional to the energy invested in the sensitisation, which is modelled as a simple rate process. Assuming protein denaturation as the main driver of HT-induced sublethal damage and considering the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of cellular proteins, the sensitisation rates were found to depend exponentially on temperature; in agreement with previous empirical observations. Our findings point towards an improved definition of thermal dose in concordance with the thermodynamics of protein denaturation. Our predictions well reproduce experimental in vitro and in vivo data, explaining the thermal modulation of cellular radioresponse for simultaneous thermoradiotherapy.

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Conceptual and Practical Issues in the Pharmacological Treatment of Brain Injury

Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity ◽

10.1155/np.1993.227 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 227-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donald G. Stein ◽

Marylou M. Glasier ◽

Stuart W. Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Time Course ◽

Chemical Activity ◽

Behavioral Testing ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

New Information ◽

Definition Of ◽

Injury And Repair ◽

The Brain

It is only within the last ten years that research on treatment for central nervous system (CNS) recovery after injury has become more focused on the complexities involved in promoting recovery from brain injury when the CNS is viewed as an integrated and dynamic system. There have been major advances in research in recovery over the last decade, including new information on the mechanics and genetics of metabolism and chemical activity, the definition of excitotoxic effects and the discovery that the brain itself secretes complex proteins, peptides and hormones which are capable of directly stimulating the repair of damaged neurons or blocking some of the degenerative processes caused by the injury cascade. Many of these agents, plus other nontoxic naturally occurring substances, are being tested as treatment for brain injury. Further work is needed to determine appropriate combinations of treatments and optimum times of administration with respect to the time course of the CNS disorder. In order to understand the mechanisms that mediate traumatic brain injury and repair, there must be a merging of findings from neurochemical studies with data from intensive behavioral testing.

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ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA ◽

10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.08.01.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

T. V. GRISHINA ◽

◽

N. V. ZAMYATKINA ◽

Yu. A. YUKHLINA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Digital Transformation ◽

Innovative Development ◽

Classification Feature ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

New Type ◽

Definition Of

The article highlights the theoretical approaches to the definition of the concepts of small and medium-sized businesses. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to solve the problem of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector in the context of digital transformation, the development and justification of directions for improving its development. The scientific novelty of the study is the formation of a complex for assessing the development of small forms of agricultural production, which allows us to develop priority strategic directions of development, including aspects of modernization of agricultural production and innovative development. The indicators of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector are studied. A new type of classification feature of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector is proposed.

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UNITY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF LABOR RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE

International scientific journal Internauka Series Juridical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2308-2021-3-7011 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Leonid Mohilevskyi ◽

◽

Olha Sіevidova ◽

Keyword(s):

Legal Status ◽

Labor Relations ◽

Labor Law ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Labor Rights ◽

Work Activity ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Labor Legislation ◽

Protection Of Human Rights ◽

Definition Of

The Public Prosecutor's Office in Ukraine plays a major role in the protection of human rights and freedom, of general interests of the society and the country, and in the strengthening of law and order, thus facilitating the establishment and development of the democratic constitutional state. The effectiveness of performing the duties put onto the prosecution of Ukraine is directly dependent on the prosecutor's offices' employees that are empowered to fulfill their professional responsibilities. The legal status of an employee of a prosecutor's office is specified in the Law of Ukraine “On Public Prosecutor’s Office”. Although, some aspects of these employees' work activity are normalised in the general labor law. This expresses the principle of unity and differentiation of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor relations. This article researches theoretical approaches to the definition of the concepts "unity" and "differentiation". The unity of the legal regulation of labor relations is manifested in the legally established equality of all employees. Differentiation is not opposed to the principle of unity, but takes into account the characteristics of different categories of workers and working conditions to ensure equality. The relationship between the general labor law and the special law on the prosecutor's office regarding the adjustment of the labor rights of the employees of Ukraine's prosecutor's offices had been analysed. The key to effective legal regulation of labor rights of employees of the prosecutor's office of Ukraine is compliance with unity and differentiation. It had been determined that the differentiation of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor rights determines the mandatory and priority application of the special legislation norms. In turn, the unity of the legal regulation of prosecutor's office's employee's labor rights determines the subsidiary usage of labor legislation norms in cases of an employee's individual labor rights not being determined in the special law on Public Prosecutor's Office. Unification of labor law norms governing the labor activity of this category of workers will make it possible to achieve an optimal balance of unity and differentiation.

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Extending further and refining Prince’s taxonomy of given/new information

Pragmatics ◽

10.1075/prag.23.1.04loo ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 69-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rudy Loock

Keyword(s):

Relative Clauses ◽

Propositional Content ◽

New Information ◽

Definition Of

The aim of this article is to complement and refine Ellen Prince’s well-known taxonomy of given/new information (Prince 1981, 1992), which distinguishes between discourse-related and assumed familiarity-related newness/givenness. What we suggest is that a new category should be added to the existing hearer new, hearer old, and inferrable information categories, so as to include cases where the informational status of an entity or a propositional content cannot be determined with certainty. We call this new category ‘the (hearer) indeterminables’, and we justify its existence through a case study on nonrestrictive, relevance-oriented constructions (appositive relative clauses, non-restrictive pre-modifiers, apposition). We also argue that it is possible for speakers/writers to simulate informational statuses for politeness considerations, and that such simulation should be included in the definition of assumed familiarity.

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