scholarly journals Diversity Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh Ecotypes for Glucosinolates in Shoots and Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 968-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip R. Panthee ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Geographical Region ◽  
Total Seed

Glucosinolates (GS) are important secondary plant metabolites present in several plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Although genotypic differences among a limited number of samples from a limited geographical range have been reported, there have been few studies exploring the variation from a wider genetic base. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic variation for GS in A. thaliana collected throughout the world. We screened 58 A. thaliana ecotypes collected from the geographic area of lat. 15° N to lat. 59° N and long. 137° E to long. 123° W. Elevation in these areas ranged from sea level to over 480 m. We believe that this study has covered a large geographical region and captured most of the available genetic variation in A. thaliana for GS. There was no geographical trend in A. thaliana shoot or seed tissue for GS concentration. Total shoot GS ranged from 1.1 to 52.8 μmol·g−1 dry weight (DW), averaging 9.3 μmol·g−1 DW among all ecotypes. Total seed GS ranged from 1.6 to 41.8 μmol·g−1 DW with an average of 16.8 μmol·g−1 DW among all ecotypes. Low and high GS-accumulating A. thaliana ecotypes identified in this study may provide a basis for further genetic analysis for GS metabolism. Information provided may also prove useful for improving concentrations of nutritionally beneficial GS in vegetable Brassicas.

scholarly journals Antitoxic, Antifungal and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Compounds of Guiera senegalensis Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Z.M. Anka ◽  
Vijender Singh ◽  
S.N. Gimba ◽  
Gunjan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Desert Area ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
Guiera Senegalensis

Millions of people in the world depend on traditional medicinal plants for treatment of many diseases.  They have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. These plant metabolites according to their composition are grouped as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins etc. Guiera senegalensis(Gs), which grows in abundance in semi-desert area of Western Africa such as Nigeria, has been used for treating specific diseases and wounds. The study is carried out to investigate the phytochemical analysis, toxicity, and the antifungal activity of Gs leaves extract. Keywords: Guiera senegalensis, Antifungal activity, Brine shrimp, toxicity, phytochemical analysis;

Revisiting the antiviral efficacy of terpenoids: Plausible adjunct therapeutics for novel SARS-CoV-2?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afza Ahmad ◽  
Rohit Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antiviral Efficacy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

: Presently the world is witnessing most devastating pandemic in the history of mankind caused due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS-CoV-2. This dreaded pandemic is responsible for escalated mortality rate across the globe and thus is the worst catastrophes in the history of mankind. Since its outbreak, substantial scientific explorations focusing on formulation of novel therapeutical and/or adjunct intervention against the disease are continuously in pipeline. However, till date no effective therapy has been approved and hence the present alarming situation urges the necessity of exploring novel, safe and efficient interventional strategies. Functionally, terpenoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites having multi facet chemical structures and are categorically documented to be the largest reservoir of bioactive constituents, predominant in nature. Intriguingly, very little is scientifically explored or reviewed in regards with the anti-CoV-2 attributes of terpenoids. The present article thus aims to revisit the antiviral efficacy of terpenoids by reviewing the current scientific literature and thereby provide an opinion on the plausibility of exploring them as potential therapeutical intervention to deal with ongoing CoV-2 pandemic.

Larvicidal Activity of Secondary Plant Metabolites in Aedes aegypti Control: An Overview of the Previous 6 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986289
Author(s):  
Aline Camargo Jesus de Souza Wuillda ◽  
Roberto Carlos Campos Martins ◽  
Fernanda das Neves Costa
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Continuous Application

Aedes aegypti is the main transmitter of several arboviruses, mainly dengue. It occurs, recently, in more than 100 countries and majority of the world population lives in areas of mosquito incidence, marking its control relevant and necessary. Presently, the main form of vector control is the use of synthetic insecticides; however, its continuous application has led to inefficiency due to resistance development. Based on this fact, the insecticides from natural sources appear as a friendly alternative for man and the environment. This study provides an overview of the larvicidal compounds isolated from plant extracts while controlling A. aegypti, in the previous 6 years (2013-2018), and aims to impart more knowledge regarding the described metabolites and to encourage the search for new bioactive compounds. In addition, the proposals for mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships that may justify the larvicidal potential are also discussed.

scholarly journals Planting Date Affects Total Glucosinolate Concentrations in Six Commercial Cabbage Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J.K. Radovich ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
John G. Streeter ◽  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites

Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites derived from amino acids and they influence human health, pest populations and crop flavor. Our primary objective was to determine the independent and interactive effects of planting date (PD) and cultivar (C) on total glucosinolate concentrations in cabbage, in part to help develop management systems that optimize them. A second objective was to explore the reported link between total glucosinolate concentrations and pungency in fresh cabbage. Six commercial fresh market cabbage cultivars were planted in May and June 2001 and 2002 at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) Vegetable Crops Research Branch in Fremont, Ohio. Total glucosinolate concentrations in horticulturally mature heads were determined using a glucose evolution procedure. In 2001, 12 to 14 experienced panelists also scored sample pungency. Total glucosinolate concentrations were significantly affected by PD and C, but the PD × C interaction was not significant. Mean glucosinolate concentrations were greater in Maythan June-planted cabbage in both years. Cultivar ranking with regard to glucosinolate concentrations was similar between planting dates in both years. `Cheers' had the highest mean glucosinolate concentrations (23.1 and 29.5 mmol·kg-1 dry weight in 2001 and 2002, respectively) and `Solid Blue 790' the lowest (17.1 and 19.7 mmol·kg-1 dry weight in 2001 and 2002, respectively). In 2001, panelists generally scored cultivars highest in glucosinolates as more pungent than cultivars lowest in glucosinolates. These data suggest that planting date and cultivar effects on total glucosinolate concentrations in cabbage are largely independent. Climatic data suggest that higher air temperatures during head development of May-compared to June-planted cabbage induced plant stress and resulted in higher glucosinolate concentrations in May-planted cabbage.

scholarly journals A Review Bioactive Components of Vigna mungo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 748-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Suresh Dhumal ◽  
Sanjay R Chaudhari ◽  
Macchindra J Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
World Population ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Excellent Source

The bioactive compound is secondary plant metabolites eliciting pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. Legumes are a valuable source of proteins and nutrients for the majority of the world population. Vigna mungo is one of the important legume crops extensively cultivated in India and other parts of the world. Pulses and legumes have been gaining interest because they are an excellent source of bioactive compounds. The objective of this present review is to compile all relevant information published regarding bioactive components from the Vigna mungo. Various bioactive components reported in Vigna mungo were found and it includes flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phytoestrogens, phenolic acids, enzymes, fibers, starches, trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, lectins, saponins, tocopherols, fatty acids and proteins. This review clearly demonstrates that Vigna mungo is rich in bioactive components and these components are located in various organs of the plant.

scholarly journals Total and Individual Glucosinolate Content in 11 Broccoli Cultivars Grown in Early and Late Seasons

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo A.S. Rosa ◽  
Ana S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Early Crop

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group) is an economically important vegetable crop and its consumption may benefit human health. Glucosinolates, a group of secondary plant metabolites found generally in the cultivated Brassicaceae, may protect against the development of certain malignancies. The objective of this study was to evaluate total and individual glucosinolate content of broccoli cultivars widely grown in southern Europe following spring vs. summer planting (early vs. late crop, respectively). Glucosinolates in primary and secondary inflorescences taken from mature plants were analyzed separately by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cultivars contained primarily 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-, indol-3-ylmethyl- and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl-glucosinolates. Total and individual glucosinolate levels varied significantly between seasons, among cultivars and between inflorescences. `Shogun' contained the highest total glucosinolate levels (between 35.2 mmol·kg-1 dry weight in primary inflorescences of the early crop and 47.9 in secondary inflorescences of the late crop). Total and individual glucosinolate levels were generally higher in the late than in the early crop. Primary inflorescences generally contained the highest glucosinolate levels in the early crop but secondary inflorescences had the highest levels in the late one.

scholarly journals Importance of Genotype on Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Levels in Broccoli Heads

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

Carotenoids are secondary plant metabolites in vegetables known to be essential in the human diet and reported to confer various positive health-promoting effects when consumed. Brassica oleracea L. vegetables like kale, cabbage, and broccoli are recognized as excellent sources of dietary carotenoids. Broccoli has emerged as the most important B. oleracea crop in the United States and it likely supplies more carotenoids to the U.S. diet than the other crops of this species. However, very little is known about the general carotenoid profile of this important vegetable or the levels of specific carotenoids and how they might vary among genotypes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess carotenoid profiles of different inbred broccoli heads; to assess chlorophyll concentrations measured simultaneously during carotenoid assays; to determine the relative effects of genotype versus environment in influencing head carotenoid levels; and to examine phenotypic correlations between carotenoid levels and other traits. Results show lutein to be the most abundant carotenoid in broccoli heads ranging from 65.3 to 139.6 μg·g−1 dry mass (DM) among nine inbreds tested in three environments. Genotype had a highly significant effect on lutein levels in broccoli heads and the ratio of σ2 g/σ2 p for this carotenoid was 0.84. Violaxanthin also exhibited a significant genotype effect, but it was found at lower levels (17.9 to 35.4 μg·g−1 DM) than lutein. β-carotene and neoxanthin were detected at levels similar to violaxanthin, but genotypic differences were not detected when all environments were compared. This was also true for antheraxanthin, which was detectable in all genotypes at lower levels (mean of 13.3 μg·g−1 DM) than the other carotenoids. Significant genotypic differences were observed for both chlorophyll a and b among the studied inbreds; however, no environment or genotype-by-environment effects were observed with these compounds. Results indicated that most carotenoids measured were positively and significantly correlated with one another, indicating that higher levels of one carotenoid were typically associated with higher levels of others. This study emphasizes the relative importance of lutein in broccoli heads and the key role that genotype plays with this compound, ultimately indicating that breeding cultivars with increased levels of this particular carotenoid may be feasible.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

Features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The World

The level of economic development of entrepreneurship in any country in the world is crucial in increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the world market of goods and services. The activities of economic entities are the driving force for the sustainable development of regions and their suburban areas, and they also impact the welfare of population. The article dwells on the analysis of scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. According to the well-known classics of the fundamental economic theory of entrepreneurship development (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, V. Laungard, A. Loria) the peculiarities of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban territories of the region are determined by the possibility of distribution of surplus production, minimum production costs per unit of production, availability of labor resources. In modern economic theory (M. Weber, A. Pre, S.M. Kimelberg, E. Williams, C. Vlachou, O. Iakovidou, J. van Dijk, P. Pellenbarg) the development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region can be determined by institutional, innovation, technological, social, ecological and other features of the economy at the regional, state or world levels. The complex and comprehensive generalization of the features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas is proposed. There are (1) the type of decision taken by an enterprise to carry out business activities in the relevant suburban area of the region, and (2) the influence of internal and external factors on economic activity. The article argues that large enterprises are guided by more objective decision-making reasons, attaching the most importance to the physical and innovative environment. Medium and small enterprises are mainly focused on getting benefits for the entrepreneur in the short-term time period and location in the nearest geographic area. The attention was paid to the tools of ensuring economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region, taking into account institutional changes in the national economy and the experience of developed countries of the world.

Population Genetics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Jody Hey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans has become one of the most widely used model research organisms, yet we have little information on evolutionary processes and recent evolutionary history of this widespread species. We examined patterns of variation at 20 microsatellite loci in a sample of 23 natural isolates of C. elegans from various parts of the world. One-half of the loci were monomorphic among all strains, and overall genetic variation at microsatellite loci was low, relative to most other species. Some population structure was detected, but there was no association between the genetic and geographic distances among different natural isolates. Thus, despite the nearly worldwide occurrence of C. elegans, little evidence was found for local adaptation in strains derived from different parts of the world. The low levels of genetic variation within and among populations suggest that recent colonization and population expansion might have occurred. However, the patterns of variation are not consistent with population expansion. A possible explanation for the observed patterns is the action of background selection to reduce polymorphism, coupled with ongoing gene flow among populations worldwide.

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