scholarly journals Pruning Practices Affect Yield, Yield Components, and Their Distribution in `Royalty' Purple Raspberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Gundersheim ◽  
Marvin P. Pritts
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cane Blight

A factorial arrangement of 48 treatments was used to evaluate the effects of cane density, time of cane density adjustment, primocane tipping, and cane or branch length on yield components in `Royalty' purple raspberry [(Rubus occidentals × R. idaeus) × R. idaeus] over 2 years. Yield was positively related to cane density and length, while fruit size and fruit count per lateral were negatively related to cane and branch length. When branches on tipped canes were shortened in late winter, more buds became fruitful at the proximal end of the branch, but fruiting laterals did not have more flowers or fruit. Fruiting laterals were longer on shortened canes, resulting in a decrease in the fruit: wood ratio. Plants performed similarly whether floricane density was adjusted in late winter orprimocane density was adjusted in late spring. Although potential yield was higher when primocanes were tipped in late spring, harvesting was more difficult because of branch orientation, and the incidence of cane blight infection was higher. Our study suggests that maintaining at least 12 canes per meter of row, avoiding primocane tipping, retaining full cane length, and providing adequate light, moisture, and nutrient levels can result in high yields of large fruit.

Growing-season rainfall, ear number and the water-limited potential yield of wheat in south-western Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Narelle Simpson ◽  
Michael L. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ear Number

Knowledge of the contribution of ear number per unit area, grains per ear, and kernel weight to grain yield is important in understanding the limits to the water-limited potential yield of wheat in rain-fed agricultural regions. This paper analyses the relationships between grain yield, yield components and growing-season rainfall using data from the low-, medium-, and high-rainfall zones of the cropping region of south-western Australia. The aim of the paper is to quantify the contribution of ear number, grains per ear and kernel weight to grain yield and define the yield components of wheat required to achieve its water-limited yield. The grain yield of wheat was closely related to the number of grains per unit area (r2 = 0.90) and ears/m2 (r2 = 0.75), but poorly correlated with kernel weight (r2 = 0.30) and grains/ear (r2 = 0.09). The number of grains per unit area was highly related (r2 = 0.75) to the number of ears per unit area across the rainfall zones of the cropping region, and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.88–0.94) to the spike dry weight at anthesis. The highest yields achieved in the field were close to the water-limited potential estimated using the French and Schultz method. To achieve this water-limited potential, wheat requires 1 ear per m2 for every mm of growing-season rainfall (r2 = 0.92). We conclude that the number of ears per unit area is the most important factor required in order to achieve high yields of up to a yield of 6 t/ha in wheat in rain-fed south-western Australia.

scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

Canonical interrelationships in morphological characters, yield and nutritional components of corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ivan Carvalho ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Murilo Vieira Loro ◽  
Marlon Vinícius Rosa Sarturi ◽  
Danieli Jacoboski Hutra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
World Population ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
High Yields

The increase in the world population, the need to increase food production, both in quantity and quality, becomes increasingly prominent. The objective of this work was to identify the canonical correlations between yield components, morphological characters, micronutrients, bioactive compounds and amino acids in corn. The experimental design used was a randomized block containing 11 treatments arranged in three replications. The treatments consisted of 11 Top Crosses hybrid genotypes, these being made through crosses directed between a narrow genetic base tester hybrid for specific combining ability with 11 S5 inbred lines. It is inferred that groups considered yield components, secondary traits, bioactive compounds, micronutrients and amino acids are dependent. Promising characters are identified for the corn breeding for high yields, nutritional and energetic quality of corn grains. The indirect selection of grains with additions in essential amino acids can be directed to plants with superiority in height, mass and width of grains, phenols, flavonoids, soluble solids and zinc content.

FERTILITY COMPONENTS IN A FABA BEAN LINE NEAR-ISOGENIC FOR MALE STERILITY

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. DUC ◽  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
J. PICARD
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Insect Pollinator ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Vicia Faba L

A near-isogenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) line, segregating in a 1:1 ratio of male-fertile to male-sterile plants, was used to study the importance of insect pollinators on ovule fertilization and yield components of the first five flowering nodes. The fertilization of ovules from open-pollinated plants at the higher insect pollinator site of Dijon, France was 83%, as compared with 50% at the lower insect pollinator activity site of Saskatoon, Canada. No significant differences in total fertilized ovules were found between male-fertile and male-sterile plants at Dijon, but male-fertile plants at Saskatoon had significantly more fertilized ovules than male-sterile plants. Seed production on the first five flowering nodes was significantly greater at Saskatoon. Thus, while insect pollinators are important in determining the potential yield of a faba bean plant, other factors, such as environment, determine the ultimate yield.Key words: Vicia faba, ovule fertilization, seed yield, faba bean, male sterility

scholarly journals Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi-arid soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Badu Brempong ◽  
Urszula Norton ◽  
Jay B. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract Purpose An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil. Methods Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer). Results The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1 compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4 sink. Conclusion One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.

scholarly journals Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
M. Sabo ◽  
M. Bede ◽  
Ž.U. Hardi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Grain Yield Components

Variability of grain yield components of some new winter wheat genotypes (e.g. Lara, Lenta, Kruna, Fiesta, Perla, and one line of AG-45) was examined. The analysis of grain yield components of these genotypes and the line was undertaken in a two-year research (1997/1998 and 1998/1999) at two different locations. Significant differences among genotypes, locations and research years were established. In the first experimental year (1997/1998) there was a high positive correlation between nearly all components of the grain yield. The most significant correlation was found between the grain number per spike and grain yield. In the second experimental year (1998/1999) the components did not show statistically significant correlation with the grain yield. It seems that the grain yield of examined genotypes depended significantly on the grain number per spike, grain mass per spike, and agroecological conditions during the vegetation period, whereby the potential yield was determined by the interaction among genotypes, location and production year. The biggest differences among examined genotypes of winter wheat were found in the stem height and spike length.

scholarly journals First results of an orchard trial with new clonal sweet cherry rootstocks at Holovousy

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažková ◽  
I. Hlušičková
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
First Results ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Sweet Cherry Rootstocks

Ten clonal dwarf or semi-dwarf sweet cherry rootstocks were evaluated for 5 growing seasons in a orchard that was established in the spring 1999 at Holovousy within international cherry rootstock trials that are co-ordinated in Europe by the Danish Institute of Plant and Soil Science at Aarslev, Denmark. Lapins cv. was used as a scion tester for all these rootstocks; five of them were also tested by Regina cv. Among the new rootstocks, G 195/5 was evaluated as the most promising for Lapins cv. It produced trees even smaller than P-HL-A or Tabel (Edabriz), with higher yield efficiency and good fruit size. In agreement with the results of earlier experiments, both P-HL-A and Tabel (Edabriz) proved to be quite reliable rootstocks for modern sweet cherry orchards established there. Among the semi-dwarf rootstocks, G 154/7 also seemed to be interesting because of high yields and fruit size. Weiroot 158 was found as relatively the most promising rootstock for Regina cv. On the other hand, the most disappointing results were obtained with the rootstock Weiroot 53 because of its inferior graft compatibility and its negative influence on fruit size. Some of the tested rootstocks significantly changed the time of flowering and the time of fruit ripening. Several relationships between the observed characteristics were found within this study and they are more thoroughly discussed.  

Salinity response of cultivars of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
TWG Graham ◽  
LR Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Solution Culture ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
High Yields

Five buffel grass cultivars were grown in solution culture at levels of 0.5, 40, 80, and 160 m. equiv. NaCl/l. Yields did not differ between cultivars at the highest level of NaCl, and the more productive cultivars under low salinity conditions, Tarewinnabar, Biloela, and American, suffered greatest potential yield reduction and accumulated highest sodium concentrations. Biloela cultivar maintained relatively high yields up to the 80 m. equiv. NaCl/l level.

Effects of herbicide use, fungicide use and position in the field on the yield and yield components of spring barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Boatman
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYSix experiments were carried out over 2 years (1985 and 1986) in commercial spring barley crops on calcareous soils in Hampshire. Herbicides increased grain yield by 0·05–1·21 t/ha, and fungicides by 0·01–0·68 t/ha. Herbicide use affected each of the yield components ears/plant, grains/ear, 1000-grain weight and harvest index in one or more cases but the effects were not consistent between experiments or consistently related to yield increases. Fungicide use had little effect on yield components other than 1000-grain weight, which was significantly increased in all experiments. There were no significant herbicide × fungicide interactions. Large differences in yield were recorded between field edge (headland) and midfield plots, with headland plots outyielding the midfield in two of the three experiments where this effect was considered.The effects of fungicide use were accounted for by associated increases in the green lamina area of the flag leaf and second leaf at the late milk stage of grain development. This is consistent with previous work. Differences in yield response to herbicide between sites were linearly related both to weed numbers early in the season and to weed biomass at harvest. Weeds did not always directly replace crop biomass; in some experiments the combined dry matter production was greater when herbicide was not used. However, the results indicate that, where a diverse weed flora composed of species of moderate to low competitive ability is present, simple weed counts may provide a useful indication of potential yield loss.It is concluded that headland areas can often be as productive as the rest of the field, but a greater understanding of the factors involved is needed if this potential is to be realized.

Effect of uneven emergence on rice yield, milling yield, and yield components

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Gravois ◽  
RS Helms
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Milling Yield

Establishing a uniform rice (Oryza sativa L.) stand is an important beginning to managing a rice crop and attaining high yields. Most rice management practices in the United States are timed according to rice growth stages. Non-uniform rice stands, and subsequently non-uniform growth stages, present problems for the timely application of management practices for attaining high yields. Our objective was the determination of the effects of uneven emergence on rice yield, milling yield, and yield components. Experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 on a Hebert silt loam (Vertic Hapludoll) at the Southeast Branch Experiment Station near Rohwer, Arkansas. Uneven emergence was simulated by delayed (18 days from emergence) interseeding of rice to achieve 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% uneven emergence. Each experiment was planted with the cultivars Lemont (semi-dwarf) and Tebonnet (tall) and was replicated 4 times. Rice yields for the uneven emergence treatment levels were significantly less than the rice yields seeded exclusively at PD1 (planting date 1), except for the uneven emergence levels 80-20 (80% planted at PD1 and 20% planted at PD2) and 60-40 for Tebonnet, and 60-40 in 1988 for Lemont. In 1989, there was a trend for head rice yields to decrease as uneven emergence levels increased. Average panicle density and number of grains per panicle for both Lemont and Tebonnet decreased with increasing uneven emergence, indicating a failure in the typical compensatory relationship between panicle density and grain per panicle. Lemont exhibited reduced average grain weights due to uneven emergence, especially at 80-20, 60-40, and 40-60 uneven emergence levels. Harvest indices were higher for PD1 than for PD2, except at 20-80 uneven emergence level. Essentially, the later emerging rice from the second planting acted much like a weed by competing against rather than contributing to rice yields. Late interseeding to enhance poor rice stands is unlikely to produce an economic return that could be expected from an adequate initial plant stand.

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