scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Celery Residues on Lettuce

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorm G. Shilling ◽  
Joan A. Dusky ◽  
Mark A. Mossier ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Lettuce Seedling ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Poor emergence of commercially grown lettuce has been observed when planted immediately after the removal of a celery crop. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the possible allelopathic effects of celery residue on the emergence and growth of lettuce. The influence of amount and type of celery tissue, growth medium and fertility, incubation time in soil, and amendment of growth medium containing celery residue with activated charcoal was evaluated with respect to the allelopathic potential of celery. Celery root tissue was 1.8 and 1.6 times more toxic to lettuce seedling growth than was celery petiole or lamina tissue, respectively. Lettuce shoot growth was inhibited to a greater extent when grown in sand amended with celery residue rather than either amended vermiculite or potting soil. Incubation of celery root residue in soil for 4 weeks increased phytotoxicity at 1% (v/v) and decreased it at 4% (v/v). Increasing the fertility of pure sand with varying amounts of Hoagland's solution did not reverse the allelopathic effects of celery residue. The addition of activated carbon to the medium increased the growth of lettuce exposed to celery residues. Celery residues possess allelopathic potential to developing lettuce seedlings. Celery tissue type and concentration, soil type, incubation of celery root residue in soil, and addition of activated carbon to the growing medium influenced the magnitude of the observed phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Saffron Soil Remediation: Activated Carbon and Zeolites Effects on Allelopathic Potential

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Kheirabadi ◽  
Majid Azizi ◽  
Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a highly valuable plant. Iran provides nearly 90% of the world’s total saffron and is the biggest global producer. The allelopathic effects of saffron corm (SC) and saffron field soil (SFS) have been hypothesized to play an important role in replanting. Recently, adsorbent materials have been used to neutralize the effects of allelochemicals. These materials, including activated carbon and zeolite, have large surface areas, pore volumes, as well as tremendous adsorptive capacity and complex chemical and physical properties. In this study, three independent experiments were conducted. In the first test, the allelopathic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of SC remnant and 9-year-old SFS as well as filtered aqueous extract of soil were investigated. In the second assay, the effects of SC remnants and SFS with different ages (i.e., 4, 6, and 9 years old) in combination with adsorbents were examined on the germination and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings by the sandwich method. In the third experiment, we examined the effects of SC remnants combined with adsorbents on lettuce growth parameters. Our results showed that the allelopathic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of SC remnant were significantly superior to those of 9-year-old SFS. The aqueous extract of SC remnant reduced the root length of lettuce by 50%. The use of activated carbon and zeolites significantly decreased the observed allelopathic effect. Moreover, lettuce growth in rhizosphere soil was significantly inhibited by SC remnant and SFS extracts. The allelopathic effects of SC remnants caused a growth imbalance between the shoot and roots. Based on biochemical analyses, using the adsorbents increased the carotenoid content and chlorophyll index of lettuce by 23.33% and 5.25%, respectively. Adsorbents may play a role in treating soils contaminated by allelochemicals.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF Cyperus rotundus L. EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND COWPEA SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Tatiana Maria da Silva ◽  
Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias ◽  
Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:

scholarly journals Emergence and Shoot Growth of Cosmos and Marigold from Paclobutrazol-treated Seed

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
James A. Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether treating seeds of ‘Sensation Mixed’ cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.) and ‘Bonanza Gold’ marigold (Tagetes patula L.) with paclobutrazol (PB) could suppress seedling growth. Seeds were soaked in solutions of 0, 500 or 1000 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) for 16 hours at 25C (77F) or they were primed [−0.5 MPa (−5 bars) for 7 days at 20C (68F)] in Grade 5 exfoliated vermiculite moistened with 0, 500 or 1000 ppm PB solltuions. Soaked and primed seeds were dried for 1 day at 19C (65F) and 25% relative humidity. These seeds and control (non-treated) seeds were sown into plug cells containing peat-lite. Increasing PB concentration decreased cosmos shoot height at 32 days after planting (DAP), but decreased emergence percentage, responses that were more pronounced with priming than with soaking. A 1 ppm PB growth medium drench [30 ml/cell(0.2 mg PB/cell)] and, to a greater extent a 10 mg PB/liter (ppm PB) shoot spray [2 ml/shoot (0.02 mg PB/shoot)], both applied at 10 DAP, resulted in greater cosmos shoot height suppression at 32 DAP than treatment of seeds with 1000 ppm PB. Soaking marigold seeds in 1000 ppm PB failed to decrease shoot height below those of plants from non-treated seeds at 32 DAP. However, exposure to 1000 ppm PB during priming of marigold seeds resulted in a similar shoot height suppression (13%) as the growth medium drench, and similar shoot dry weight reduction (21%) as the shoot spray. Suppression of shoot growth by this seed treatment was short-term since by five weeks after transplanting into 15 cm (6 in) pots, only marigold plants that had received the growth medium drench or shoot spray were smaller than those of control plants. Treating marigold seeds with 1000 mg ppm PB used about one-fifth the PB used to drench the growth medium.

The Potential Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie MacGregor ◽  
Wade S. Parkhouse
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

The role of the insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), previously known as the somatomedins, in general growth and development of various tissues has been known for many years. Thought of exclusively as endocrine factors produced by the liver, and under the control of growth hormone, the somatomedins were known as the intermediaries by which growth hormone exerted its cellular effects during tissue growth and maturation. Eventually it was discovered that virtually every tissue type is capable of autocrine production of the IGFs, and their involvement in skeletal muscle tissue repair and regeneration became apparent. Recent advances in technology have allowed the characterisation of many of the different growth factors believed to play a role in muscle regeneration, and experimental manipulations of cells in culture have provided insight into the effects of the various growth factors on the myoblast. This paper explores the potential role of the IGFs in skeletal muscle regeneration. A critical role of IGF-II in terminal differentiation of proliferating muscle precurser cells following injury is proposed. Key words: growth factors, myogenesis, skeletal muscle regeneration

scholarly journals Mud Loss Restricts Yki-Dependent Hyperplasia in Drosophila Epithelia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Amalia S. Parra ◽  
Christopher A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Mud Loss

Tissue development demands precise control of cell proliferation and organization, which is achieved through multiple conserved signaling pathways and protein complexes in multicellular animals. Epithelia are a ubiquitous tissue type that provide diverse functions including physical protection, barrier formation, chemical exchange, and secretory activity. However, epithelial cells are also a common driver of tumorigenesis; thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control their growth dynamics is important in understanding not only developmental mechanisms but also disease. One prominent pathway that regulates epithelial growth is the conserved Hippo/Warts/Yorkie network. Hippo/Warts inactivation, or activating mutations in Yorkie that prevent its phosphorylation (e.g., YkiS168A), drive hyperplastic tissue growth. We recently reported that loss of Mushroom body defect (Mud), a microtubule-associated protein that contributes to mitotic spindle function, restricts YkiS168A-mediated growth in Drosophila imaginal wing disc epithelia. Here we show that Mud loss alters cell cycle progression and triggers apoptosis with accompanying Jun kinase (JNK) activation in YkiS168A-expressing discs. To identify additional molecular insights, we performed RNAseq and differential gene expression profiling. This analysis revealed that Mud knockdown in YkiS168A-expressing discs resulted in a significant downregulation in expression of core basement membrane (BM) and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including the type IV collagen gene viking. Furthermore, we found that YkiS168A-expressing discs accumulated increased collagen protein, which was reduced following Mud knockdown. Our results suggest that ECM/BM remodeling can limit untoward growth initiated by an important driver of tumor growth and highlight a potential regulatory link with cytoskeleton-associated genes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Allelopathic Effects of Nigella sativa L. against Rigid Ryegrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Ilias TRAVLOS ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
Spyridoula CHAVALINA ◽  
Varvara KOUNELI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Nigella sativa L. on seedling emergence and first growth of the serious weed rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum L.). The results revealed significant weed suppressive effects of N. sativa residues incorporated into the soil. The lowest seedling emergence rate (38%) was observed in pots treated with 20 g leaf residues. Regarding height, the lowest value (26.7 cm) was found in 20 g root residues. The highest quantity of shoot residues reduced leaf number, tiller number, fresh and dry aerial biomass up to 58, 51, 64 and 59%, respectively. It can be concluded that the effect of incorporation of plant residues depended on the type and amount of residue. N. sativa could be utilized as an allelopathic crop to control weeds and future studies should focus on isolating and identifying allelochemicals in roots, shoots and leaves of this species.

Determination of allelopathic potential of a weed Pluchea lanceolata through a multifaceted approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjit Inderjit ◽  
Surinder Kaur ◽  
K. M. M. Dakshini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Pluchea Lanceolata ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Biotic Characteristics

The allelopathic potential of soils from four sites infested with the weed Pluchea lanceolate (DC.) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae) was investigated. All sites had similar precipitation, similar crops, and weeds in addition to P. lanceolata. The objectives of this study were threefold: first, variations in the allelopathic effects of P. lanceolata infested soils on growth of three crops; second, soil phenolic content as a result of P. lanceolata infestation; and third, if the chemical characteristics and mycoflora of soils and biotic characteristics of P. lanceolata are responsible for the differences in allelopathic potential. Allelopathic effects of P. lanceolata infested soils were assessed on seedling growth of onion, cucumber, and turnip. Qualitative variation in the soil phenolic content from the four P. lanceolata infested sites was observed. No significant differences in soil mycoflora, soil nutrients, and P. lanceolata biotic characteristics were observed. Growth experiments showed mat crops demonstrated variation in allelopathic response to the soils from the four P. lanceolata infested sites. The present study indicates mat in natural field conditions, allelopathic potential of P. lanceolata varies because of agricultural practices specific to each site. Keywords: allelopathy, Asteraceae, interference, phenolics, soil nutrients, weed.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Tunas Sansevieria trifaciata Prain ‘Laurentii’ pada Beberapa Komposisi Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi GA3

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Tatiek Kartika Suharsi ◽  
Namira Andiani
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Interaction Treatment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Leaf Cutting

<p style="text-align: justify;">The objectives of this research was to know the effect of growing media composition and concentration level of GA3, on growth of Sansevieria trifaciata Prain ‘Laurentii’ shoots. The research was conducted at Leuwikopo Experiment Field, IPB, Darmaga from March until July 2011. The research used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications, Sansevieria trifaciata Prain ‘Laurentii’ variegata leafs used in this research. The first factor was growing medium composition, they were charcoal husk:soil:compos (1:2:1); pasir malang:soil:compos (2:2:1); cocopeat:soil:compos (3:2:1). The second factor was concentration of GA3 treatment consist of three level, 0 ppm; 100 ppm; 500 ppm. Charcoal husk and pasir malang gave good effect for growth of young shoots. Concentration of GA3 until 500 ppm had no significant effect on young shoot growth but it had significant effect on roots growth. The best interaction treatment effect on young shoots growth was charcoal husk medium and 500 ppm concentration of GA3.</p><p>Keywords: charcoal husk, cocopeat, leaf cutting, pasir malang</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of allelopathic competency of Lamium amplexicaule and identification of its allelopathic active substance

2019 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Chisato Sakamoto, Masahiko Suzuki ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki, Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato- Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Methyl Caffeate

The weedy annual grass Lamium amplexicaule (L.) originated from the Mediterranean region, spreads quickly, and becomes naturalized in areas it invades. It was assumed that volatile phytotoxic substances are one of the invasive characteristics of L. amplexicaule. However, no volatile compound has been found. Therefore, we re-evaluated the allelopathic potential of L. amplexicaule and investigated the phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity. An extract of L. amplexicaule inhibited the root and shoot growth of Lepidium sativum, Lactuca sativa, Arctium lappa, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vulpia myuros, which indicates that the extract has an allelopathic effect. The extract was purified using bioassay-guided chromatographic separations, and a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and characterized as methyl caffeate. The compound significantly inhibited the root and shoot growth of L. sativum and L. multiflorum. The present results suggest that methyl caffeate may contribute to the allelopathic effect of the L. amplexicaule extracts and consequently, may be partly responsible for the invasive characteristics of the species. 

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Preconditioning of Small-plug Seedlings Influence Processing Tomato Productivity

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Garton ◽  
Irvin E. Widders
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Seedlings of processing tomato `H 2653' (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were cultured in 288-cell (< 6 cm3 volume) plug trays in a soilless growing medium. Pretransplant fertilization with nutrient solutions containing 10 or 20 mm N and 2 or 5 mm P for 10 days altered the total ammoniacal-N and P, and the soluble NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in the shoot tissue at transplanting. Post-transplanting shoot and root growth were more rapid in late May plantings than in earlier plantings. The 20-mm N and 2-mm P pretransplant treatment caused the most rapid shoot growth following early season plantings in the field. Rapid seedling establishment after transplanting was generally not a good indicator of potential fruit yield. The 5-mm P pretransplant treatment produced higher marketable fruit yields in early plantings but not in later. Culture of seedlings under a low fertilization regime (5.4 mm N, 1.0 mm P, and 1.6 mm K) before pretransplant treatment produced as high or higher fruit yields than did seedlings from a higher regimen. Withholding fertilizer temporarily before transplanting resulted in a depletion in tissue N and P concentrations, slow post-transplanting shoot growth, and lower yields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document