scholarly journals Study of structural and mechanical properties of sodium alginate gels

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Ievgenii Gladukh ◽  
Maiia Podorozhna
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Loop Area ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Alginate Gels

Rheological parameters are an important characteristic of semisolid dosage forms. Structural and mechanical characteristics have a noticeable effect on the processes of release and absorption of drugs from ointments, as well as on their consumer properties: spreadability, adhesion, the ability to squeeze out of the tubes. The aim: to study the rheological parameters of aqueous solutions of sodium alginate in various concentrations to create medicinal hydrogel compositions. Materials and methods: sodium alginate (Shandong Topsea Seaweed Industrial Co., Ltd., China) was used as a gelling agent. The physicochemical properties of the samples were studied according to generally accepted methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Rheological studies of experimental samples were carried out using a rotational viscometer «Rheolab QC», by Anton Paar (Austria) with coaxial cylinders C-CC27/SS at a temperature 20–25 °С. Results and discussion: the rheological profiles of sodium alginate gels have a non-Newtonian type of flow, which makes it possible to characterize them as systems with plastic-viscous properties. Gels with a sodium alginate concentration of 1.5–2 % have the best indicators of yield stress, hysteresis loop area, mechanical stability and dynamic flow coefficients. This indicates a low degree of destruction of the structural grid in the process of mechanical action and the presence of thixotropic bonds. Conclusions: sodium alginate gel base at 0.5 % and 1 % concentration is less stable under stress compared to sodium alginate bases at 1.5 % and 2 % concentration. The gel base of sodium alginate at a concentration of 2 % has the optimal mechanical stability value.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Sodium Alginate Concentration On The Rheological Parameters Of Spinning Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Magdalena Brzezińska ◽  
Grzegorz Szparaga
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Alginate Fibres

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the rheological properties of solutions of two types of sodium alginate in water. Rheological studies were carried out to determine the rheological properties of the spinning solutions. Polymer solutions of different concentrations were obtained. Based on the preliminary research of the concentrations of solutions, the proper n and k parameters were selected in order to obtain fibre by wet spinning from solution method. For selected concentrations of polymer solutions, the calcium alginate fibres were obtained.

scholarly journals Optimization of Water Fraction Gel Formula of Binahong Leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steen) With Gelling Agent of Sodium Alginate and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Combination

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Citra Ariani Edityaningrum ◽  
Kintoko Kintoko ◽  
Feby Zulien ◽  
Lina Widiyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
T Test ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Formula

Water fraction of binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steen)  leaf has been proven to heal ulcus diabetic. In order to make the use easier and more practical, in this study the water fraction of binahong leaves is formulated in gel preparation form. This study was conducted to obtain a comparison of the amount of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan as gelling agent to produce gel that meets the good physical requirements. The method used to determine the amount of comparison of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan is to use Simplex Lattice Design (SLD). Eight variations of gel formula are designed with the ratio of sodium alginate:  carboxymethyl chitosan as follows: F1 (0:3% w/w), F2 (0:3% w/w), F3 (0.75:2.25% w/w), F4 (1.5:1.5 % w/w), F5 (1.5:1.5% w/w), F6 (2.25:0.75% w/w), F7 (3:0% w/w), F8 (3:0% w/w). Physical parameters observed included pH, viscosity, dispersion, and adherence. Data obtained compared with the actual conducted by researchers using one sample test t-test with 95% confidence level. Based on the results of the study, increased sodium alginate concentration can increase viscosity and adhesiveness and decrease the pH and spreadability of the gel. One sample t-test analysis shows that there is no significant difference between predicted parameter value and actual result so SLD equation can be used to construct gel formula of water fraction of binahong leaf. The conclusion is a combination of sodium alginate 1.546% w/w and carboxymethyl chitosan 1.454% w/w yield gel optimum. Physical parameter response of optimum formula is pH 5.86; viscosity 2000 cps; spreadability of 21,96 cm2; and adhesiveness of 19,81 seconds.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Used Ingredients on Rheological Parameters of Pancake Dough

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Peter Hlaváč ◽  
Monika Božiková
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dynamic And Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Temperature Dynamic

Abstract This paper presents the selected rheological properties of pancake dough such as dynamic and kinematic viscosity and fluidity. The effect of used ingredients and temperature on rheological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed on three pancake dough samples. In two samples, there was used milk with a different fat content, and in the third sample, all ingredients were in a powder state. A digital rotational viscometer Anton Paar DV-3P was used for measuring the rheological properties. The principle of viscometer measurement is based on the dependence of sample resistance to probe rotation. Results of measurements are shown as graphical dependencies of rheological parameters on temperature. Exponential functions were used to express the dependencies of all rheological parameters on temperature. Dynamic and kinematic viscosity decreased, and fluidity increased with temperature. The highest values of dynamic viscosity were obtained for pancake dough from powder ingredients. A higher fat content of used milk caused higher values of dynamic viscosity.

scholarly journals Optimization of alcoholic fermentation using immobilized yeast cells in calcium alginate gel

2015 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Jovana Djuran ◽  
Zorana Roncevic ◽  
Bojana Bajic ◽  
Sinisa Dodic ◽  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
Economic Analyses

Ethanol is an important industrial chemical with emerging potential as a biofuel to replace fossil fuels. In order to enhance the efficiency and yield of alcoholic fermentation, combined techniques such as cells immobilization and media optimization have been used. The aim of this study was the optimization of sodium alginate concentration and glucose and yeast extract content in the media for ethanol production with immobilized cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Optimization of these parameters was attempted by using a Box-Behnken design using the response surface methodology. The obtained model predicts that the maximum ethanol content of 7.21% (v/v) is produced when the optimal values of sodium alginate concentration and initial content of glucose and yeast extract in the medium are 22.84 g/L, 196.42 g/L and 3.77 g/L, respectively. To minimize the number of yeast cells "eluted" from the alginate beads and residual glucose content in fermented media, additional two sets of optimization were made. The obtained results can be used for further techno-economic analyses of the process to select the optimum conditions of the fermentation process for industrial application.

scholarly journals Metal-Ceramic Beads Based on Niobium and Alumina Produced by Alginate Gelation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5483
Author(s):  
Enrico Storti ◽  
Marc Neumann ◽  
Tilo Zienert ◽  
Jana Hubálková ◽  
Christos Georgios Aneziris
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
Pure Niobium ◽  
Composite Beads ◽  
Calcium Hexaluminate ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Ductile Behavior

Full metal-ceramic composite beads containing different amounts of niobium and alumina, particularly 100 vol% alumina, 100 vol% niobium, and 95/5 vol% niobium/alumina, were produced by the alginate gelation process. The suspension for bead fabrication contained sodium alginate as gelling agent and was added dropwise into a calcium chloride solution to trigger the consolidation process. After debinding in air, sintering of the composite beads was performed under inert atmosphere. Samples in green and sintered state were analyzed by digital light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Investigations by mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that pure alumina beads featured smaller pores compared to composite beads, although the open porosities were comparable. The fracture strength was evaluated on single beads. Contrary to the pure alumina, the composite beads showed a clear plastic deformation. Pure niobium beads showed a ductile behavior with very large deformations. XRD analyses revealed the presence of calcium hexaluminate and beta-alumina as minor phases in the alumina beads, while the composite ones contained about 25 wt% of impurities. The impurities comprised NbO arising from the oxidation, and β-Nb2C, from the reaction with the residual sodium alginate.

scholarly journals Anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-biofilm activities of dextranase and its encapsulation in alginate beads for application in toothpaste

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10165
Author(s):  
Nucharee Juntarachot ◽  
Sasithorn Sirilun ◽  
Duangporn Kantachote ◽  
Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn ◽  
Piyachat Tongpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
The Stability

Background The accumulation of plaque causes oral diseases. Dental plaque is formed on teeth surfaces by oral bacterial pathogens, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral cavity. Dextranase is one of the enzymes involved in antiplaque accumulation as it can prevent dental caries by the degradation of dextran, which is a component of plaque biofilm. This led to the idea of creating toothpaste containing dextranase for preventing oral diseases. However, the dextranase enzyme must be stable in the product; therefore, encapsulation is an attractive way to increase the stability of this enzyme. Methods The activity of food-grade fungal dextranase was measured on the basis of increasing ratio of reducing sugar concentration, determined by the reaction with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. The efficiency of the dextranase enzyme was investigated based on its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against biofilm formation by S. mutans ATCC 25175. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the three factors affecting encapsulation: pH, calcium chloride concentration, and sodium alginate concentration. Encapsulation efficiency (% EE) and the activity of dextranase enzyme trapped in alginate beads were determined. Then, the encapsulated dextranase in alginate beads was added to toothpaste base, and the stability of the enzyme was examined. Finally, sensory test and safety evaluation of toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase were done. Results The highest activity of the dextranase enzyme was 4401.71 unit/g at a pH of 6 and 37 °C. The dextranase at its MIC (4.5 unit/g) showed strong inhibition against the growth of S. mutans. This enzyme at 1/2 MIC also showed a remarkable decrease in biofilm formation by S. mutans. The most effective condition of dextranase encapsulation was at a pH of 7, 20% w/v calcium chloride and 0.85% w/v sodium alginate. Toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase alginate beads produced under suitable condition was stable after 3 months of storage, while the sensory test of the product was accepted at level 3 (like slightly), and it was safe. Conclusion This research achieved an alternative health product for oral care by formulating toothpaste with dextranase encapsulated in effective alginate beads to act against cariogenic bacteria, like S. mutants, by preventing dental plaque.

scholarly journals DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION & IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE BASED IN-SITU GEL OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN ULCER TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanket Kumar ◽  
Mahesh Singh ◽  
Babulal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Ranitidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Ulcer Treatment

Peptic ulcer, it is the most common type of stomach disease, according to the American Gastroenterology Association. “We know that ulcers occur because there has been a disruption in the balance of factors that injure the digestive tract and those factors that protect it from injury,” The present investigation deal with the formulation, optimization and evaluation of sodium alginate based in situ gel of ranitidine hydrochloride (R-HCl) in ulcer treatment. The in-situ formulation are homogenous liquid when administration orally and become gel at the contact site. The evaluation of the formulation is dependent upon accurate results obtained by analytical method used during the study. Accurate results require the use of standard and a calibration procedure. Hence, standard plots of Ranitidine hydrochloride were prepared in (0.1N HCL, pH 1.2) solutions. Two, sodium alginate and calcium carbonate used as a polymer and cross-linking agent respectively in the formulation of in-situ gel. From the IR studies it may be concluded that the drug and carriers used undergo physical interaction there is no chemical change, and thus the gelling agent, cross-linking agent and other excipient is suitable for formulation of in-situ gel of ranitidine hydrochloride. Indicate that the formulation, DKF9 which was prepared by the Sodium alginate (2 gm) with Ranitidine Hydrochloride showed minimum drug release (sustained drug release) after 8 hrs. It can be concluded that the In-situ gel was beneficial for delivering the drug which needs sustained release to achieve the slow action. Keywords: In-situ gel, Peptic Ulcer, Ranitidine Hydrochloride (R-HCl), Sodium alginate.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDICINAL SYRUP FOR ORAL USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-699
Author(s):  
Lena L. Davtian ◽  
Galyna P. Kukhtenko ◽  
Alona S. Voronkina ◽  
Viktoria V. Kudria
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Coaxial Cylinders ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Newtonian Type ◽  
Rotary Viscometer

The aim of the present research was to investigate the rheological properties of the medicinal syrup for oral administration with glucosamine hydrochloride and levocarnitine. Matherials and methods: Coefficient of the dynamic flow (at shear rates of 3,49 and 10,3 s -1, as well as at shear rates of 27.2 and 149.0 s-1), mechanical stability, the index of destruction and restoration were studied. The rheological (structural-mechanical) properties of the samples were determined using a Rheolab QC rotary viscometer (AntonPaar, Austria) with coaxial cylinders CC27 / S-SN29766. The rheological parameters were studied at the temperature 20±0,5 °С. Results: It is established that the syrup has weakly expressed plastic viscous and thixotropic properties (the hysteresis area for the syrupis 1710.19 Pas/s). Such results characterize the system as a reopex. Conclusions: The results of the study enables classification of the research object as system with a low degree of fluidity. Such dependence is typical for systems of the Newtonian type of flow and characterizes the syrup under investigation as a weakly structured disperse system.

scholarly journals DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND EVALUATION OF AN ION-ACTIVATED OPHTHALMIC IN SITU GEL OF MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
GIRISH KONDALKAR ◽  
ASISH DEV
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
In Situ Gelling

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an in situ ophthalmic gel of an anti-infective drug, moxifloxacin (MOX) hydrochloride (HCL), for sustained ocular delivery for the treatment of bacterial infections of the eye. Method: In the present work the in situ gelling systems were prepared by ion exchange method with the help of various concentrations of gelling agent gelrite (0.08 g, 0.1 g and 0.12 g) and sodium alginate (0.6 g, 0.8 g and 1 g) as viscosity enhancer were added in the formulation; 9 formulations were prepared according to 32 factorial designs and evaluated. The responses were analyzed for the analysis of variance using Design-Expert version 10 software. Statistical models were generated for each response parameter. Results: Optimized formulation batch F7 (0.12% gelrite and 0.6% sodium alginate) was liquid before addition of simulated tear fluid (STF) and underwent rapid gelation on addition of STF and had given 84.05% cumulative drug release; the formulation was found to be clear, having good in situ gelling capacity, good antibacterial efficacy, having drug content 99.75%; optimized formulation was sterile and showed sustained drug release over 8 h period as compared to marketed eye drop. Conclusions: From the above results, we can concluded that 32 full factorial design and statistical models can be successfully used to optimize the formulations, and it was concluded that the trial batch F7 (0.12% gelrite and 0.6% sodium alginate) is the best formula (percentage cumulative drug release over 84.05%) and it is possible to formulate in situ ophthalmic gels of MOX HCL using gelrite in combination with sodium alginate for the treatment of various bacterial infections of the eyes.

Rheological Characteristics of Juniperus drupacea Fruit Juice (pekmez) Concentrated by Boiling

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbulut ◽  
H. Çoklar ◽  
G. Özen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Soluble Solid

Rheological parameters of Juniperus drupacea fruit pekmez were evaluated using a rotational viscometer at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C and at concentrations of 62.8, 68.9, 72.0, and 75.2% total soluble solids. The flow characteristics of Juniperus drupacea fruit pekmez were described by the power law and Herschel—Bulkley models. The Herschel—Bulkley model was found to be the best to describe the rheological property with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.993. Juniperus drupacea pekmez exhibited a time-independent shear thickening behavior. The effect of temperature on viscosity can be described by means of an Arrhenius equation. Depending on the soluble solid contents, the activation energies for flow of diluted samples vary from 78.23 to 60.38 kJ/mol. The effect of soluble solids on viscosity can be described by an exponential equation. Experimental data were fitted to several models in order to describe the effect of temperature and soluble solid content. The combined effect of temperature and soluble solid content on viscosity was also formulated.

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