scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of food products by bioassay methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
M. V. Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Cell Cultures ◽  
Bioassay Procedure ◽  
Canned Foods ◽  
Complex Monitoring ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The current state of studies on application and safety of food additives in various technologies for food production is examined. Considerable attention should be given to studies dedicated to analysis of food safety criteria due to a possibility of appearance of adverse consequences for human health and the trend towards increasing life quality. Special emphasis is placed on such parameters as genotoxicity and mutagenicity. It is shown that the most rapid and convenient tool for complex monitoring of product toxicity can be the bioassay procedure. Based on the review of the literature on bioassays for edible meat and meat products, canned foods, carbonated soft drinks, beer, milk and milk containing products as well as seasonings, the authors show that above mentioned products had the cyto- and genotoxic potential when tested on animal and human cell cultures, microorganisms and plants. With that, it was found that a list of relevant publications is quite small despite a significant growth in scientific research dedicated to food toxicity assessment using bioassays. A review on the conducted research on assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of foods by bioassay methods will make it possible to extend the understanding of the processes and mechanisms of this toxicity and form more rational concept of consumption.

Use of Bacteriocins in Food: Regulatory Considerations

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. OWEN FIELDS
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Premarket Approval

ABSTRACT The authority under which a given bacteriocin will be regulated for use in food will depend on the foods in which it is used and the purpose for which it is used. Use of (i) purified bacteriocins, (ii) cells producing bacteriocins, or (iii) genetic expression of bacteriocins in food-producing organisms to serve a preservative effect in processed foods are under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are regulated as food ingredients under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Under the FFDCA, those substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by qualified experts (either based on scientific principles or because they have been historically and safely present in food) are exempt from mandatory premarket approval. Substances used in processed food that are not GRAS are defined as “food additives” under the FFDCA and require premarket approval by the FDA. Bacteriocins used in meat products will require an additional suitability assessment by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Bacteriocins which are used on whole fruits or vegetables (or genetically expressed in whole fruits and vegetables and intended to act in the whole food) fall within the definition of “pesticide” found in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and are therefore regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Bacteriocins which are genetically expressed in food-producing domestic animals may be regulated as animal drugs if they are intended for use in preventing disease in animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the current state of small pelagic fisheries in the Colombian Pacific: ensuring the sustainability of the resource and evaluating its response to climatic events

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Zapata ◽  
B. S. Beltrán-León ◽  
J. C. Herrera ◽  
P. Jiménez-Tello ◽  
L. M. Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Canned Foods ◽  
Total Capture ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Abstract. Commercial fishing of small pelagic species in Colombia, mainly "carduma" (Cetengraulis mysticetus) and "plumuda" (Opisthonema spp.), has been recorded since 1970. Both are used to produce fish meal for aquaculture and poultry and for canned foods. These two species are filter feeders, and therefore support higher levels of the food chain (other fish, birds and marine mammals), and artisanal fishermen use them as bait. Between 2005 and 2010, 86.131 t have been captured (X = 14.355 t yr−1), and a strong reduction was noticed in 2009 (6.969 t). Carduma is considered a total spawning species. However, from 1997 to 2000 and from 2008 to date, atypical reproductive behavior of the species has been observed, including partition of the spawning period and the reduction of the volume of eggs and larvae released to the environment. Both situations are linked to thermal anomalies such as El Niño and La Niña events. Therefore, the process of assigning the global quota of extraction has been revised to take into account the reduction of total capture during the last years and the inconsistencies of the reproductive processes. The Ministry of Agriculture reduced the quota by 10%, leaving available a total of 27 000 t for 2010 and reduced it again to 25 000 t for 2011. It is important to maintain the management measures that are already implemented on this resource (bans during reproduction seasons, catch quotas, regulation of mesh sizes for the fishing nets, and limiting the number of new vessels) and considering other measures such as season closure for recruitment and establishment of marine protected areas to further contribute to the sustainability of these fisheries.

scholarly journals Current state and development trends of livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
S. M. Yessengaliyeva ◽  
M. A. Mansurova ◽  
A. D. Makhmudov ◽  
L. V. Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the current state of the animal husbandry industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of regions. The indicators of the dynamics of the number of livestock of farm animals for the period 2015-2019 by regions, indicators of productivity in the industry, indicators of the volume of production of meat products are analyzed. The dynamics and structure of costs in the country’s livestock industry are also considered.Today, one of the most pressing problems in the development of the agro-industrial complex is the low level of labor productivity due to low automation and digitalization of technological processes. The need to meet the demand for livestock products in the domestic market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to increase its export resources, poses a challenge for Kazakhstani science and practice to develop, scientifically substantiate and master modern technologies for the production of low-cost, environmentally friendly, competitive products of the industry. They should be resource-saving, aimed at maximizing the use and improvement of the genetic potential of farmed farm animals, adapted to the specific natural and economic conditions of the regions of the republic. The development and mastering of such technologies will make it possible to weaken the negative impact of the industry on the environment, reduce the cost of material resources, and effectively use the available land and water resources [5].The main problems hindering the effective development of the country’s livestock industry are identified. The promising strategic directions for the development of this industry have been determined. From the point of view of experts of the financial organization, the country has good potential and opportunities to export its beef and pork to China, and the lamb of the Edilbay sheep breed to the countries of the Middle East.

scholarly journals Food additives reduce lactic acid bacterial growth in culture medium and in meat products, increasing product shelf life

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Cleonice Mendes Pereira Sarmento ◽  
Eliane Colla ◽  
Cristiane Canan ◽  
Francieli Dalcanton ◽  
Gláucia Maria Falcão de Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Pork Sausages

The uncontrolled growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in meat and meat products leads to product spoilage, and thus shortens product shelf life. Although food additives are known to decrease LAB growth, this effect has not been analyzed in detail. Here, a detailed analysis was performed of the effects of sodium chloride, sodium polyphosphate, sodium lactate, sodium nitrite/nitrate, and garlic on the growth of the Lactobacillus plantarum in culture medium. The results were used to design and test experimental formulations of meat products. Initially, the effect of food additives on L. plantarum was evaluated using a Fractional Factorial Design (FFD), followed by a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The Modified Gompertz Model was adjusted to the growth curves to determine the Kinetic parameters of bacterial growth (logarithmic increase in the population, specific growth rate, and lag phase extension). Higher sodium lactate and sodium chloride levels had a negative impact on L. plantarum growth parameters (p?0.05). Therefore, we designed experimental formulations of mortadella and smoked pork sausages containing 4% sodium lactate (w w-1) and 2.4-3.5% sodium chloride (w w-1), and determined LAB growth from samples of stored products produced according to these formulations, in order to determine product shelf life. There was an increased lag phase of LAB growth for most experimental formulations. Also, the experimental smoked pork sausages had a longer shelf life, which was increased by at least 22 days, suggesting that the proposed formulation, with higher than standard lactate concentration, increased the product’s shelf life.

scholarly journals Nitrite intake in Polish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stos ◽  
Miroslaw Jarosz ◽  
Jaroslaw Pinkas ◽  
Maciej Oltarzewski ◽  
Barbara Wojda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Nitrite Ion ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Excessive Intake

AbstractNitrites are commonly used as food additives E 249 and E 250 in the production of meat products, mainly to protect them from the contamination of bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The nitrite intake should be limited because of their potential carcinogenicity in humans (IARC). The EFSA experts derived an ADI of 0.1 mg sodium nitrite/kg bw per day, corresponding to 0.07 mg nitrite ion/kg bw per day. Besides the meat products the other its sources are: cheese and fish products. The aim of this work was the assessment of nitrite intake (expressed as sodium nitrite) with the diet of Polish population.The data on sodium nitrite intake were based on the daily consumption of food products and dishes by the representative sample of Polish population (4134 persons) aged 1–96 years studied in 2000 and the actual content of this substance in food products. These data were combined with the results of the chemical analyses made by the State Sanitary Inspection. The risk assessment was based on the sodium nitrite intake calculations of: mean (X), median (Me), percentile 95 (P95) and its comparison to ADI. The data were analysed in the respect of the total studied sample and the group ‘consumers only’. The statistical analyses with use of U-Mann-Whitney test were done.The daily sodium nitrite intake expressed in mg/persons/day was as follow: 1.87 (X), 1.03 (Me) and 6.88 (P95) in the group of total surveyed persons. The percent of ADI was as follow: 31.8% (X), 17.4% (Me) and 111% (P95). The mean and median values did not exceed the ADI level in all studied groups. However the sodium nitrite intake at the level of P95 exceeded the ADI value in the most surveyed groups, except women. The most exposed group were children aged 1–3 (P95 = 287% ADI). The NaNO2 intake in the group ‘consumers only’ in mg/person/day was resulted as follow: 2.39 (X), 1.53 (Me) and 7.60 (P95) whereas the % of ADI was: 40.7% (X), 26.2% (Me) and 122% (P95) respectively.The Polish population was characterized by the average intake of sodium nitrite at the safe level (below ADI). However, there were observed some intake of sodium nitrite (P95 level) which exceed ADI. A balanced and varied diet, with limited consumption of meat products (up to 0.5 kg per week) will help to diminish the risk of excessive intake of nitrites by consumers in Poland.

Influence of Innovative Economic Model on the Development of Cattle Breeding in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Kulshara M. MADENOVA ◽  
Faya A. SHULENBAYEVA ◽  
Maira Sh. BAUER ◽  
Assiya Ye. AGUMBAYEVA ◽  
Balym K. SAGINOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Sustainable System

Meet stockbreeding makes it possible to achieve significant progress in providing food to the country as a whole and thus ensure security and reduce dependence on imports of certain types of products. In Kazakhstan, this traditionally refers to the preservation of meat stock and, as a consequence, to the consumption of meat as the main type of carbohydrate and protein. The relevance of the study is in the formation of a sustainable system that would be the basis for a long-term temporary supply of meat products. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the formation of a sustainable economic model that allows for the increase in the number of meat breeds is based on the ability to ensure the growth of the feed base and reduce the share of imported feed. The authors determine the possibility of using the developed model for growing feed for meat stocks for the period of standard planning in economic development. The model is based on the prediction of cost-effective feed. The authors define wheat as a reference culture. The practical significance of the study is determined by the structure and share of imports in the preparation of the feed base and the possibilities of restricting the supply of feed and ready-made food additives as the basis for ensuring food security in the country.  

SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF A CURRENT STATE OF THE VILLAGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bokenchina
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

The author researchers the social sphere consisting of the branches’ set creating various products in the form of non-material and material services which finally provide inquiries of the society in Kazakhstan that comes to be very important and authentic for the current matter of fact for this country. Transformations associated with the transition to the market economy caused a sharp decline in the rural population of life quality. In the context of transformational recession social services in the rural areas for a long time operated on prevailing conditions in the planned economy assets, resulting in the quality of its services significantly decreased.At the same time, the social sphere of urban economy is largely felt the benefits of the economic growth and participation in the reconstruction of this sector and took the largest system of corporation, especially in the status of city-companies within the social responsibility of business and regional agreements of social partnership.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of natural food additives in the production of sausage products

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
D. Sviderskaya ◽  
◽  
V. Ovsyannikova ◽  
A. Karabekova ◽  
A. Orazbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Natural Additives

Main problem: Modern manufacturers of products, by the current market conditions, should take care that their products are competitive and attractive in consumer terms, but also the economic efficiency of its production is important. In this regard, in the production of food products, including meat, the use of various additives that allow to make products with more pronounced organoleptic properties, increased shelf life, increased nutritional and biological value are used. Analyzing the products presented on the market, it was revealed that the use of food additives of chemical origin is more than common among today's manufacturers, because they allow producing products that are lower in cost by improving the taste and aroma properties of the product, using low-quality raw materials or replacing natural raw materials with artificial components. Despite the widespread use of such additives, they still remain not sufficiently studied. Purpose: It is necessary to revise the traditional range of meat products in the country by direction of increasing the volume of production of products from natural and chopped meat with a variety of attractive organoleptic characteristics. It is a modern principle of organization and management of food industry enterprises. Methods: In this regard, the use of new natural ingredients in the production of meat sausage products becomes an urgent task. Considering the field of food technologies, it should be noted that currently there is a tendency to increase the consumption of food enriched with natural additives. Results and their significance: Based on our research, result was obtained showing that chemical food additives negatively affect the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, it was decided to develop a new type of sausage products using natural additives, such as rosemary and blueberry fruits. This article provides a justification for their use in the production of sausage products as an alternative to various chemical food additives that can have a negative impact on the human body.

scholarly journals Current state and development trends of the meat market

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kopytets ◽  
Volodymyr Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Current State ◽  
Meat Market

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the meat market in Ukraine, to identify trends in its development. Research methods. The following methods have been used generally accepted methods and techniques: a set of scientific methods of abstract and logical method (induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison, formalization) for develop theoretical positions and analyze the situation in the meat market; statistical when assessing the meat market; tabular for visual representation of the research results; graphic for identify and illustrate trends of the research economic phenomena. Research results. The meat market is an important component of the food market of the country, on the stability of which the living standards of the population and the food security of the country largely depend, has been generalized. Meat and meat products are among the most important foods. It has been found that the meat market operates in rather difficult economic conditions. Meat producers increase production volumes with the decline of certain branches of animal husbandry In the livestock industry of Ukraine there are transformational processes that cause changes in the meat market structure. The meat market structure is considered and the peculiarities of its functioning are revealed. Poultry meat has been found to have a monopoly on the meat market. The increase in poultry meat production is primarily due to the growing demand from the population and the food industry. The basis of the "meat diet" is poultry meat, as the most available type of meat has been determined. Scientific novelty. Production of poultry meat in Ukraine is the most profitable has been specified. The rapid return on investment in poultry production has led to increased investment in the industry, the construction of modern large poultry farms and the creation of powerful vertically integrated companies. Pork production has stabilized somewhat. However, African swine fever causes significant damage. Raising cattle remains a non-profit business. The trend of cattle slaughter continues in Ukraine,. At the same time, the main producers of cattle meat are households. Analytical assessments and determinations of factors influencing meat production and further development of the meat market have been further developed. Practical significance. Analytical materials of the article have been based on relevant official statistics, which can be can be used for addressing development of the meat market. Research results can be useful for all meat market participa nts. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 19.

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