scholarly journals Symbiotic Effectiveness of Rhizobia Strains Isolated from Nigerian Savanna

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Saheed Tunde Bolarinwa ◽  
Anthony Ozoemenam Uzoma
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Symbiotic Effectiveness ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Promiscuous Soybean ◽  
Nigerian Savanna

Laboratory and screenhouse experiment were conducted to assess the symbiotic effectiveness (SE) of rhizobia isolated from southern Guinea savanna, northern Guinea savanna and Sudan savanna of Nigeria and response of promiscuous soybean varieties, TGx1448-2E, TGx1835-10E and TGx1955-10E to inoculation with ten indigenous rhizobia isolates. The soybean varieties were grown on sterilized sand at the screenhouse of the Department of Soil Science and Land Management, Federal University of Technology Minna and watered using Sandsman’s nutrient solution. The treatments were un-inoculated control, mineral nitrogen (urea) and ten rhizobia isolates arranged on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. The rhizobia isolates were Sg4, Sg6-3, Gw5, Gw3-2, Bg3, Bg1-4, Sk2-3, Am2, Am6-3 and Kr5-5 isolated from Sabon-gida, Gwada, Birnin-gwari, Shika, Amawa and Karaye sites of Nigerian savanna. The results obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance using statistical analysis system (SAS 2008) computer software. The treatments mean was separated using Least Significant Different (LSD) at 5% probability. Nodulation and biomass yield of the varieties were assessed at six weeks after planting. Nodules were only produced in inoculated plants, SE was calculated. The result obtained showed that nodule dry weight, SE and shoot dry weight were significantly affected by the interaction between inoculation and promiscuous soybean varieties. Generally, inoculated plants gave higher shoot biomass gain than the un-inoculated control but lower than those treated with urea. The difference between those inoculated and those treated with urea was associated to environmental specificities and higher temperature during the period of the experiment. The SE was highest in northern Guinea savanna isolate reaching 67% and lowest in southern Guinea savanna isolate Sg6-3 recorded 53%. The result showed an SE of less than 100% in all the isolates which implies that the indigenous rhizobia isolates were not superior to the mineral nitrogen.

INVESTIGATING NPK, MOLYBDENUM AND ZINC EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN NODULATION, NITROGEN FIXATION AND YIELD IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 740-747
Author(s):  
Nkiruka Odoh ◽  
N’cho C.O
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biomass Yields

Soybean, like other grain legumes, requires some essential nutrients to accomplish the dual purpose of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and high yielding. A screen house experiment was then setup to investigate the effect of N, P, K, Zn and Mo onnodulation and growth of soybean. Soils from six farmers’ fields in Kaya, northern Guinea savanna and seven fertilizercompounds were used in a factorial experiment laid out in completely randomized design. Data collected at 8 weeks afterplanting on biomass yields, nodulation variables, N2-fixation, mycorrhizal roots colonization, and N and P uptake wereanalyzed using SAS. Soils test revealed variation of soils’ chemical contents among farmers field, especially for P with51.7 mg kg-1in Soil 1 to 2.7 mg kg-1in Soil 4. Significant effects from soils and fertilizers were observed on biomass yield,nodulation and nutrient uptake. Nitrogen fixation potential of TGX 1448–2E, however, was not increased by soils orfertilizer treatments. Soil x fertilizer effects was significant on P-uptake, shoot and nodule dry weight. It was observed thatK application reduced shoot dry weight and P-uptake in soil 1. Owing to these results in response to fertilizer treatments,soybean fertilization should be recommended according to soil inherent fertility.

scholarly journals Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Schuch ◽  
Richard A. Redak ◽  
James Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf N

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind.), `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Supjibi Red' were grown for 9 weeks during vegetative development under three constant-feed fertilizer treatments, 80,160, or 240 mg N/liter and two irrigation regimes, well-watered (high irrigation) or water deficient (low irrigation). Plants fertilized with 80 or 240 mg N/liter were 10% to 18% shorter, while those fertilized with 160 mg N/liter were 25 % shorter with low versus high irrigation. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations. Low irrigation reduced leaf area, leaf, stem, and shoot dry weight 3670 to 41%. Cultivars responded similarly to irrigation and fertilizer treatments in all components of shoot biomass production and no interactions between the main effects and cultivars occurred. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilizer rates or sometimes with low irrigation. Highest chlorophyll contents occurred in leaves of `Lilo Red' and `Freedom Red'. Leaves of plants fertilized with 80 mg N/liter were deficient in leaf N and had 40 % to 49 % lower leaf chlorophyll content compared to plants fertilized with 160 or 240 mg N/liter. Irrigation had no effect on leaf N or chlorophyll content. At the end of the experiment leaves of `Supjibi Red' and `Angelika White' contained higher concentrations of soluble proteins than the other four cultivars.

Standing biomass and carbon distribution in a papyrus (Cyperus papyrus L.) swamp on Lake Naivasha, Kenya

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Jones ◽  
Francis M. Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Lake Naivasha ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Live Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe standing live biomass of papyrus swamps is high compared with most other communities dominated by herbaceous vegetation. For the first time, measurements of below-ground rhizome and root biomass are reported here, in addition to measurements of shoot biomass, for a papyrus swamp located on Lake Naivasha, Kenya. The ratio of rhizome and root to shoot dry weight was 1.38: 1 and the total standing live biomass was 7.8 kg(dry weight) m−2. Detritus, formed from slowly decomposing papyrus, is normally the most important sink for carbon in this ecosystem. The amount of detritus retained by swamps varies but at L. Naivasha it contained almost 20 times the carbon found in living biomass. The net primary production of the swamp was calculated to be 6.28 kg(dry weight) m−2 y−1, which is amongst the highest recorded productivities for natural ecosystems. Model estimates of carbon input into the system from photosynthesis are incorporated into a carbon flow diagram for the swamp and this emphasises the importance of detritus as a sink for carbon in this ecosystem.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal symbiotic effectiveness as a tool for decision making in restauration of the tropical dry forest

Bionatura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Sierra-Escobar ◽  
John Alexander Ortíz-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Symbiotic Effectiveness ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Content

A greenhouse experiment was designed to determine the mycorrhizal symbiotic effectiveness in native mycorrhizal fungi population associated with different soil coverage in the Cesar department. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine treatments and six variations per treatment, 54 experimental units in all. Treatments consisted of combination of soils which contained a substrate from different mulches or soil coal mining (soil-coverage): natural forest (NF), transition soil (TS), a horizon (AH), mining waste (MW), palm (PM), pastures (PT), undisturbed soil (US), with its respective controls, positive Glomus mosseae (GM) and negative sterile substrate without inoculum (WI). The variables studied were foliar P content was monitored as a function of time; at harvest, shoot dry weight, shoot P content, and mycorrhizal colonization represented the time increments. The higher contents of P foliar obtained in the sampling period were for the positive control (GM) showing significant differences between soil-coverage, except for ST and US assessed on the sampling day 74. Shoot dry weight had a significant difference in GM, NF, TS, AH, PM and US treatments compared to the remaining three. Treatments with the most weight were US and GM (positive control). Mining waste (MW), PT and WI (negative control) had the lowest values in mass. As expected, shoot P content in the GM samples was higher and had significant differences compared to the other treatments. Soil-coverage closest to the positive control were NF, US, and TS. All assessed treatments showed mycorrhizal colonization except the negative control (WI). Three soil-coverages PM, PT, and US were similar to the positive control, with colonization percentages of 29, 24 and 48 respectively. In conclusion, this kind of research suggests that symbiotic effectiveness experiments are an excellent tool for the selection of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Besides, and as evidenced, soil-coverage NIT was statistically similar to the positive control (GM), which makes it a candidate for mass crude inoculum production for restoration purposes.

scholarly journals Influence of Light Spectra from LEDs and Scion × Rootstock Genotype Combinations on the Quality of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
Christodoulos Dangitsis ◽  
Athanasios Koukounaras
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Grafting is the main means of propagation for watermelon crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether light quality during graft healing variably affects different scion × rootstock genotype combinations. Two watermelon hybrid scions (Sunny Florida F1 and Celine F1) and two interspecific squash rootstocks (Radik and TZ-148) were used, and four scion × rootstock genotype combinations derived. After grafting, we tested seven light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which provided narrow-band red (R) and blue (B); R-B with 36% (36B), 24% (24B), and 12% (12B) blue; 12B with additional far-red (12B+FR); and white (W), in a healing chamber. In three genotype combinations, shoot length, leaf area, and shoot biomass were mainly enhanced under red-blue LEDs, while stem diameter was greater under R. In contrast, dry weight of roots, Dickson’s quality index, and ratio of shoot dry weight/length were variably affected in each genotype combination. From the results, it is concluded that light treatments differentially affected each genotype combination, but some parameters involving biomass production show genotypic dependency.

Influence of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)density and nitrogen rate on radish(Raphanus sativus)yield

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Jose P. Morales-Payan ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) supply and purple nutsedge population densities on the yield of radish. In the greenhouse studies, additive series with purple nutsedge densities of 0, 50, 100, 200 or 350 plants m−2were established. Nitrogen rates of 0, 110, 220, or 330 kg ha−1were provided to the potting medium. A significant density by N interaction was found for radish fresh weight. Within a given nutsedge density, radish yield decreased as N rate increased. In field studies, additive series of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 nutsedge plants m−2were established the same day radish was sown. Nitrogen rates were 100 or 200 kg ha−1. Marketable radish yield losses and nutsedge shoot dry weight and height were determined 30 d after seeding the crop. Nutsedge densities and N rates interactively influenced radish root yield. Radish yield loss reached 100% at nutsedge densities of 75 and 125 plants m−2at 200 and 100 kg N ha−1, respectively. Purple nutsedge produced larger shoot biomass as N increased from 100 to 200 kg ha−1. Results of both greenhouse and field studies showed that as N increased, the negative effect of the weed on the crop was enhanced.

Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594e-594
Author(s):  
Charles J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

Effects of an Autoregulatory Senescence-inhibitor Gene Construct on Nicotiana alata Link and Otto.

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 519d-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nicotiana Alata ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Gene Construct ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitor System

Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoding a senescence-specific promoter SAG12 cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana fused to a Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (IPT) that catalyzes cytokinin synthesis. This was considered an autoregulatory senescence-inhibitor system. In 1996, we reported delayed senescence of intact flowers by 2 to 6 d and delayed leaf senescence of transgenic vs. wild-type N. alata. Further evaluations in 1997 revealed several other interesting effects of the SAG12-IPT gene construct. Measurement of chlorophyll content of mature leaves showed higher levels of both chlorophyll a and b in transgenic material under normal fertilization and truncated fertilization regimes. At 4 to 5 months of age transgenic plants expressed differences in plant height, branching, and dry weight. Plant height was reduced by 3 to 13 cm; branch counts increased 2 to 3 fold; and shoot dry weight increased up to 11 g over wild-type N. alata. These observations indicate the system is not tightly autoregulated and may prove useful to the floriculture industry for producing compact and more floriferous plants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND ON SHOOT AND ROOT MINERAL PARTITIONING IN THREE SUNFLOWER VARIETIES / EFECTO DE LA FALTA DE ELEMENTOS MINERALAS SOBRE LOS PARAMENTROS MORFOLOGICOS Y FISIOLOGICOS Y REPARTICION DE ELEMENTOS MINERALES DE LA PARTE SOBRE EL SUELO Y DE LA RAIZ EN TRES VARIEDADES / INFLUENCE DE LA CARENCE D’ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX SUR LES PARAMÈTRES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET PHYSIOLOGIQUES ET SUR LA DISTRIBUTION DES ÉLÉMENTS MINÉRAUX ENTRE LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE ET LA RACINE POUR TROIS SORTES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Benbella Mohamed ◽  
Serieys Hervé ◽  
Ait Houssa Abdelhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Matter Effect

SUMMARYAn experiment has been carried out in order to study the behaviour under mineral deficiency of three sunflower genotypes, a population variety (Oro 9) and two hybrids (Mirasol and Albena). Sunflower seedlings were submitted to five treatments: N deficiency (N0), P deficiency (P0), K deficiency (K0), N and K deficiency (N0K0) and a control. Plants were harvested when they reached 3-4 true pairs of leaves. Growth parameters measured (height, total leaf area, root length, root and shoot dry mater) were all significantly reduced by mineral deficiency. Leaf area was most reduced by N0 (-61%) and P0 (-56%). Total dry matter was most affected by N0 (-63%) and by N0K0 (-66%). Genotype comparisons showed that Oro 9 had the highest shoot dry matter while Albena had the lowest root dry matter. Effect of mineral deficiency on content and partitioning of N, P, K, Ca and Na was significant and varied according to treatments and among plant parts. Shoot dry weight was significantly correlated with root N content (r2=0.81) and root K content (r2=-0.61) for N0 and K0.

Variation of soil properties under different landscape positions and land use in Hunkuyi, Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatihu Kabir Sadiq ◽  
Lemuel Musa Maniyunda ◽  
Abdulraheem Okehi Anumah ◽  
Kayode Adesina Adegoke
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northern Guinea Savanna ◽  
Guinea Savanna
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