scholarly journals Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: II – effects on growth and nutritional status of onions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1177-1182
Author(s):  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire ◽  
Renato Lemos dos Santos ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Patrícia Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Onion Cultivar

The use of saline waters for the irrigation of crops such as onion is a common practice in the Brazilian semiarid region. However, the effect of the use of these waters on onion nutrition and growth has been underappreciated. This work aims to evaluate Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Cl- levels and onion growth in two Fluvisols under irrigation with waters of variable electrical conductivity and increasing values of sodium adsorption ratio. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in two Fluvisols cultivated with onion. After transplanting each plant was irrigated with saline waters, in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 6, corresponding to two soils (sandy loam and silt clay loam), three values of electrical conductivity (EC - 200, 700 and 2,000 μS cm-1) and six levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (mmolc L-1)0.5). Plants were collected at 90 days after transplanting and onion growth parameters as well Ca, Mg, K, Na and Cl levels were each measured. The SAR of the irrigation waters and the soil did not show any significant influence on the onion growth variables or on the levels of the evaluated elements. The increase in salinity of the irrigation water promoted a reduction in the growth variables of the evaluated onion cultivar. Increases in the levels of Ca, Na and Cl as well as a reduction in the level of K in the onion plant dry matter were all observed with increasing salinity of the irrigation water; however, the Mg content level was not affected. As the salinity of the irrigation water was the main factor affecting onion growth, an EC of 200 µS cm-1 is the limit to promote the best onion growth cultivated in both sandy and silt clay soils.

scholarly journals Production of forage palm cultivars (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana, IPA-Sertânia and Miúda) under different salinity levels in irrigation water

2021 ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Márcia Cristina de Araújo Pereira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Jailton Garcia Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Brazilian semiarid region is characterized by irregular rainy periods that limits the production of forage feed for the maintenance of agricultural livestock and causes losses in the production. Despite that, semiarid region stands out in the production of forage palm, buffering the impact of drought in the area. Thus, this study aimed at analyzing the effect of different levels of salinity in irrigation water on the production of forage palm in the semiarid region. The experiment was arranged as a complete randomized block, in a 4x3 factorial arrangement and four levels of salinity (0.2, 2.0, 3.8 and 5.6 dS m-1); three cultivars (Miúda, Orelha de Elefante Mexicana and IPA-Sertânia) with 4 replications. The variables evaluated were the following: number of primary, secondary, tertiary and total cladodes, cladode biomass and estimative of threshold salinity (SL). The results showed that irrigation with saline water with an electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the emission of cladodes of superior orders for all forage palm cultivars. Miúda cultivar presented the best production of fresh phytomass (13.36 kg per plant) under a salinity level of 4.04 dS m-1, followed by Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (12.55 kg per plant) under a salinity level of 2.73 dS m-1 and Baiana (11.56 kg per plant) under a salinity level of 2.17dS m-1.

scholarly journals Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire ◽  
Renato Lemos dos Santos ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Márcio Fléquisson Alves Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

The use of saline water for crop irrigation is a commonly adopted practice among the farmers in the semiarid regions around the world, but the magnitude of soil salinization resulting from the use of these waters is currently insufficiently understood. This work aims to evaluate the chemical attribute changes of two Fluvisols cultivated with onion and subjected to irrigation with increasing levels of salinity, expressed by electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Sandy loam and silty clay loam soils were irrigated with three different levels of saline waters with electrical conductivity (EC - 200, 700 and 2,000 μS cm-1) and six levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (mmolc L-1)0.5). Thus, the experiment consisted of a complete factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 6 (two soils, three EC levels and six SAR levels), in four replicates. The soils were cultivated with onion and pH levels of the soil were measured at 90 days after transplanting, as were the contents of exchangeable and soluble cations. ESP and SAR values were then calculated. This study revealed that the use of water with salinity at or above 700 μS cm-1 is capable of promoting changes in the chemical properties of soils and the continuous use of irrigation water with high EC and high SAR values may promote salinization and sodification of Fluvisols in a semiarid environment. These changes were found to be more severe in silty clay loam soils than in sandy loam soils.

scholarly journals SALICYLIC ACID AS AN ATTENUATOR OF SALT STRESS IN SOURSOP

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ ALISSON RODRIGUES DA SILVA ◽  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO VIEIRA DE AZEVEDO ◽  
LUANA LUCAS DE SÁ ALMEIDA VELOSO ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Induced Tolerance

ABSTRACT The search for alternatives that enable the use of saline waters in agriculture has become constant. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid in mitigating salt stress effects on the growth and gas exchange of soursop cv. ‘Morada Nova’. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in the municipality of Campina Grande - PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid - SA (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. Irrigation with saline water compromised the growth and gas exchange of soursop cv. ‘Morada Nova’. However, exogenous application of salicylic acid induced tolerance to salt stress in soursop plants, as their growth, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were favored by the application of salicylic acid, even when exposed to water salinity.

scholarly journals Root biomass and production of cotton cultivars subjected to saline water irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 965-970
Author(s):  
André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Araújo Pereira ◽  
Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida Veloso ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Weight Number

Water scarcity and high levels of salinity in irrigation water limit irrigated cotton cultivation in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. So, it is necessary to adopt cultivation strategies that make the production system feasible. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the biomass and production of cotton cultivars subjected to different levels of saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, with treatments distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1) and two cotton cultivars (BRS 368 RF and BRS Safira), with 4 replicates. Treatment effects were measured by the number of bolls per plant, lint weight, number of seeds per plant, total weight of seeds and dry and fresh biomass of stem, roots and leaves. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity from 1.5 dS m-1 negatively affects the production of the cotton cultivars BRS SAFIRA and BRS 368 RF, causing reductions in all production variables analyzed. The cultivar BRS Safira has better production performance than BRS 368 RF when exposed to water salinity.

scholarly journals Forage cactus-sorghum intercropping at different irrigation water depths in the Brazilian Semiarid Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 724-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Jairo da Silva Diniz ◽  
Thieres George Freire da Silva ◽  
Jadna Mylena da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Djalma Cordeiro dos Santos ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Water Depths

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance, biological efficiency, and the competitive ability of the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping under different irrigation depths with saline water in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. The experiment was carried out in Serra Talhada, in the state of Pernambuco, between 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, and a 5x3 factorial arrangement in split plots, with one year of forage cactus cycle and two years of sorghum cycles. The plots were composed by four irrigation water depths based on the fractions of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration, besides dry conditions; and the subplots consisted of three cropping systems (single crop of forage cactus, single crop of sorghum, and intercropping of forage cactus-sorghum). The increase of water irrigation depths increased the yields of sorghum in single crop and of the forage cactus-sorghum intercropping. The intercropping system promoted production stability with a higher system productivity index (SPI) for forage cactus-sorghum intercropping (6,279.02 kg ha-1 DM) than for forage cactus in single crop (4,626.98 kg ha-1 DM). The relative density coefficient (12.33) was indicative of the great compatibility of the intercropping system. The forage cactus-sorghum association shows biological advantage and competitiveness capacity, with a higher productive index than their monocultures.

scholarly journals Water consumption of the sunflower crop irrigatedwith saline water

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (208) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaline Dantas Travassos ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Helder Morais Mendes Barros ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares ◽  
Claudio Augusto Uyeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Sunflower Crop

The objective was to evaluate the water consumption of sunflower cultivars irrigated with saline waters. The experimental design utilized was in randomized blocks of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. This was composed of two levels of electrical conductivity (ECw) of irrigation water (N1 - 0.6 and N2 - 3.0 dS m-1 at 25 ºC) and four cultivars of sunflower (C1 - Helio 863, C2 - Embrapa 122-V2000, C3 - Catissol 01 and C4 - Multissol), with three replications, each of them with three plants totaling 72 experimental units. There was a reduction in water consumption of sunflower cultivars irrigated with saline water (N2 - 3.0 dS m-1). The irrigation with saline water resulted in a greater volume of drained water in all sunflower cultivars.

scholarly journals Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Adriana dos S. Ferreira ◽  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Bruno da S. Guirra ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS COM ÁGUAS SALINAS

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-440
Author(s):  
Tales Miler Soares ◽  
Sergio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Cristiano Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Christiano César Dibbern Graf ◽  
Marcelo Zanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Water Type ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
New Production ◽  
Saline Waters

IRRIGAÇÃO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS COM ÁGUAS SALINAS  Tales Miler Soares1; Sergio Nascimento Duarte1; Christiano César Dibbern Graf2; Marcelo Zanetti2; Silvio Sandoval Zocchi31Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] Mudas, Conchal,  SP3Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO Avaliar o desenvolvimento dos porta-enxertos limoeiro ‘Cravo’, tangerineira ‘Cleópatra’ e citrumeleiro ‘Swingle’, irrigados com águas salinas, mensurando se a aplicação de Ca(NO3)2 mitiga eventuais efeitos de íons fitotóxicos, foi objetivo do presente trabalho, conduzido sob ambiente protegido, em Rio Claro-SP. Investigou-se três qualidades de água: água natural (CEa= 1,19 dS m-1), explorada de poço tubular profundo, água dessalinizada (CEa= 0,02 dS m-1), obtida mediante osmose reversa da água natural, e água residual (CEa= 2,11 dS m-1), sub-produto da dessalinização. Os níveis de Ca(NO3)2 avaliados foram 0 e 2,105 g L-1. Averiguando-se os parâmetros usuais do crescimento vegetal, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas, entre os tratamentos, decorrentes da qualidade da água, embora se tenha registrado que esta contribuiu para o aumento da salinização do substrato, ultrapassando, inclusive, o valor da salinidade limiar (CEes= 1,4 dS m-1) reconhecido para os citros. A adição de Ca(NO3)2 não incrementou o desenvolvimento, atuando negativamente no crescimento inicial das raízes e do caule. O curto período necessário ao crescimento dos porta-enxertos, proporcionado pelo atual sistema de produção, associado às irrigações freqüentes e suas frações de lixiviação podem ter restringido efeitos negativos das águas salinas investigadas. UNITERMOS: Citrus, salinidade, condutividade elétrica, substrato.  SOARES, T.M.; DUARTE, S.N.; GRAF, C.C.D.; ZANETTI, M.; ZOCCHI, S.S.       CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER  2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the growth of three citrus rootstocks (‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo) irrigated with saline waters, under greenhouse conditions, in order to measure if calcium nitrate mitigates their toxic effects. Three water qualities were investigated: natural water (ECw= 1,19 dS m-1), obtained from a deep tubular well, desalinated water (ECw= 0,02 dS m-1), obtained by reverse osmosis from the natural water, and reject water (ECw= 2,11 dS m-1), resultant from the desalination process. Two Ca(NO3)2 levels were evaluated: 0 and 2,105 g L-1. Usual parameters for plant growth analysis were measured. According to Tukey’s test (5% probability), water quality did not affect rootstocks development, although the water type have contributed to increase the electrical conductivity of substrate saturation extract (ECs) along the experimental period, surpassing the salinity threshold value (ECs = 1,4 dS m-1) reported for citrus. The Ca(NO3)2 addition did not increase the plant growth, but negatively affected the first evaluations of root and stem diameter development. The short time necessary to rootstocks growth provided by new production system, associated to the frequent irrigations and its leaching fractions possible may have restricted the negative effects of saline waters. KEYWORDS: Citrus, salinity, electrical conductivity, substrate.  

scholarly journals Effect of Sulfur and Clean Salt on Antioxidant Enzymes and Proline Content in Improving Salt Tolerance of Two Lettuce Cultivars Grown in Basrah

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Jameel H. Hiji ◽  
Abbas M. Jasim ◽  
Awatif N. Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Loam Soil

The experiment was conducted during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 winter seasons at Abu Al-Khaseeb District at basrah /Iraq on sandy loam soil  to study the effect of sulfur at five concentration ( 0 , 500 , 1000, 1500 and 2000) kg. Ha-1, clean salt at three concentration (0, 0.5 and 1.0) ml. L-1, two cultivars of lettuce local and fajr and interaction among them  at electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (7.85 and 9.69) dS.m-1.  Result showed significant reduction in the activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes and proline content in all treatments of sulfur and clean salt especially at 2000 Kg. Ha-1 sulfur and clean salt at 1.0 ml L-1had significantly decrease in CAT activity (295.80 ? 341.65) U mg–1 FW, POD activity (7.86? 8.98) U mg–1 FW and proline (0.50 ? 0.80) mg g-1DW, comparing with control of CAT activity (663.21, 814.65) U mg–1 FW and POD activity (13.83, 15.52) mg–1 FW and proline (1.19, 2.03) mg g-1DW, respectively for two seasons due to the role of sulfur and clean salt ameliorates the adverse effects of salinity on plants. Fajr lettuce is more salt-tolerant than local due to less antioxidant enzyme levels POD, CAT and proline.

scholarly journals Growth and quality of soursop (Annona muricata, L.) seedlings under saline stress and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

2017 ◽  
pp. 1643-1649
Author(s):  
André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida Veloso ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Sensitive Variable

This study aimed to evaluate growth and quality of soursop seedlings cv. Morada Nova, as a function of saline water irrigation and exogenous applications of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in 5 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to the combination of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity – ECw (0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.5 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM). The results showed that Hydrogen peroxide concentrations were applied by soaking the seed for 24 h and by spraying on all leaves of soursop seedlings. Irrigation water above electrical conductivity of 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affected growth and quality of soursop seedlings cv. Morada Nova. The dry phytomass of root was the most sensitive variable to saline stress. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 31 and 100 µM led to highest relative growth rate in leaf area and dry phytomass of leaves and stem, respectively. The quality of soursop seedlings cv. Morada Nova was not compromised by using water with electrical conductivity of 3.5 dS m-1 in irrigation.

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