scholarly journals The emergence of Kawasaki disease in India and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Kumar Jindal ◽  
Vingesh Pandiarajan ◽  
Raju Khubchandani ◽  
Nutan Kamath ◽  
Tapas Sabui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
India And China

Kawasaki disease (KD) is recognized as a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Although global in distribution, Japan records the highest incidence of KD in the world. Epidemiological reports from the two most populous countries in the world, namely China and India, indicate that KD is now being increasingly recognized. Whether this increased reporting is due to increased ascertainment, or is due to a true increase in incidence, remains a matter of conjecture. The diagnosis and management of KD in developing countries is a challenging proposition. In this review we highlight some of the difficulties faced by physicians in managing children with KD in resource-constrained settings. 

The epidemiology of Kawasaki disease: a global update

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjit Singh ◽  
Pandiarajan Vignesh ◽  
David Burgner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
North America ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
China And India ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Childhood Vasculitis ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood vasculitis and the most frequent cause of paediatric acquired heart disease in North America, Europe and Japan. It is increasingly recognised in rapidly industrialising countries such as China and India where it may replace rheumatic heart disease as the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. We review the current global epidemiology of KD and discuss some public health implications.

A snapshot of the successful bio-clusters around the world: Lessons for South African biotechnology

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirvana S. Pillay ◽  
Ramazan Uctu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South African ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China ◽  
Biotechnology Clusters

Development of clusters has been one of the critical factors in the success of many countries in the field of biotechnology. Most of the literature has been focused on the biotechnology clusters in developed countries and much less attention has been paid to the development of biotechnology clusters in developing countries. The aim of this research is to exploit the successful bio-clusters in selected developing countries such as Brazil, Cuba, India and China and to learn some lessons for South African bio-clusters. Research found that government played a critical role in creating successful bio-clusters in these developing countries. In South Africa there is evidence of emerging clusters in the Gauteng and Western Cape regions, based on the number of companies concentrated within the regions. With strong government support, these regions could be an important biotechnology hub in Africa continent.

scholarly journals Is macrophage activation syndrome in Kawasaki disease underrecognized?

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Natoli ◽  
Silvia Rosina ◽  
Angelo Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
Activation Syndrome

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of unknown etiology that predominantly affects children < 5 years of age. It is now the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the pediatric age in developed countries1.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

An update on the epidemiology, length of stay, and cost of Kawasaki disease hospitalisation in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 828-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi V. Ghimire ◽  
Fu-Sheng Chou ◽  
Narayan B. Mahotra ◽  
Sharan P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Coronary Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Charge ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
The Developed Countries

AbstractBackground:Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of childhood and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the developed countries.Methods:Data from hospital discharge records were obtained from the National Kids Inpatient Database for years 2009 and 2012. Hospitalisations by months, hospital regions, timing of admission, insurance types, and ethnicity were analysed. Length of stay and total charges were also analysed.Results:There were 10,486 cases of Kawasaki disease from 12,678,005 children hospitalisation. Kawasaki disease was more common between 0 and 5 years old, in male, and in Asian. The January–March quarter had the highest rate compared to the lowest in the July–September quarter (OR=1.62, p &lt; 0.001). Admissions on the weekend had longer length of stay [4.1 days (95 % CI: 3.97–4.31)] as compared to admissions on a weekday [3.72 days (95 % CI: 3.64–3.80), p &lt; 0.001]. Blacks had the longest length of stay and whites had the shortest [4.33 days (95 % CI: 4.12–4.54 days) versus 3.60 days (95 % CI: 3.48–3.72 days), p &lt; 0.001]. Coronary artery aneurysm was identified in 2.7 % of all patients with Kawasaki disease. Children with coronary artery aneurysm were hospitalised longer and had higher hospital charge. Age, admission during weekend, and the presence of coronary artery aneurysm had significant effect on the length of stay.Conclusions:This report provides the most updated epidemiological information on Kawasaki disease hospitalisation. Age, admissions during weekend, and the presence of coronary artery aneurysm are significant contributors to the length of stay.

FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Elena Lytvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Business Structures

The article discusses the key issues of achieving the goals of modernization, namely, China's interaction with the world economy. Chinese economists believe that the process of globalization cannot be stopped, but it can be radically changed and directed to the benefit of China's economy, most likely with the help of transnational corporations. The revitalization of integration processes among developing countries has been observed against the backdrop of the successful development of the Western European model of economic integration. In this way, integration first affected the sphere of production and then the sphere of mutual trade. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of adaptation to the changing economic conditions and innovative development of business structures operating in international business and the proposal of specific schemes for their construction in accordance with the world markets requirements. Notice that, there is a change in the principles of regional integration development at the present stage. Developing countries are actively seeking to participate in integration processes, since the leading powers prefer to use territorial disputes in their foreign policy and there is a risk of potential threats from border states. For centuries, China has held the leading position in the world in terms of quality of life. However, modern China is not one of the developed countries in any of the established classifications, and therefore the current work explores the modernization theories of the economies of developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the entire world trade, production, trade and logistics chains have been destroyed, stock indices are declining, industrial production has been suspended, oil prices have collapsed, demand for goods is reorienting. Since China is the main trade partner of Ukraine and many Ukrainian enterprises are associated with the PRC by purchasing both goods or components for their production, it clearly will not affect our trade relations for the better.

scholarly journals Loss of work productivity in a warming world: Differences between developed and developing countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yu ◽  
Zhongwei Yan ◽  
Jiangjiang Xia ◽  
Alcide Zhao ◽  
Anzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Warming World

&lt;p&gt;Comparable estimates of the heat-related work productivity loss (WPL) in different countries over the world are difficult partly due to the lack of exact measures and comparable data for different counties. In this study, we analysed 4363 responses to a global online survey on the WPL during heat waves in 2016. The participants were from both developed and developing countries, facilitating estimates of the heat-related WPL across the world for the year. The heat-related WPL for each country involved was then deduced for increases of 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 &amp;#176;C in the global mean surface temperature under the representative concentration pathway scenarios in climate models. The average heat-related WPL in 2016 was 6.6 days for developing countries and 3.5 days for developed countries. The estimated heat-related WPL was negatively correlated with the gross domestic product per capita. When global surface temperatures increased by 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 &amp;#176;C, the corresponding WPL was 9 (19), 12 (31), 22 (61) and 33 (94) days for developed (developing) countries, quantifying how developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change from a particular point of view. Moreover, the heat-related WPL was unevenly distributed among developing countries. In a 2&amp;#176;C-warmer world, the heat-related WPL would be more than two months in Southeast Asia, the most influenced region. The results are considerable for developing strategy of adaptation especially for developing countries.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Singapore, A Growing Economic Titan from South East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Ignatius Hubert Tantra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
East Asia ◽  
International System ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Institutional Leadership ◽  
Living Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Mass

Singapore has one of the fastest economic development pace throughout South East Asia. Despite the fact that by land mass, it is not the biggest or the most fertile country. By demographic factor, it is not the most populated nor the most culturally diverse country. It also didn’t have the natural resources that its neighboring countries boasted as their main commodity. Yet, Singapore is a country with one of the most efficient implementation of living space, land usage, and education programme in the world. Because of its greatness, Singapore can be put in the same class with the others developed countries in the world. This is despite all the handicap that this country has, through the thick and thin of its history. The author believes that these successes can be atributted mostly to the efficient leadership of Singapore as a nation state in the international system, and that these successes can be adapted throughout Asia, and the world as a whole. This essay was made exactly to achieve this successful impact on ASEAN’s countries economics. In this writing, the author will examine what makes Singapore such a great economic titan, and how it can turn its unlikely position into a flourishing market economy and becoming a model for other developing countries to replicate, with institutional leadership. All of these, for the purpose of learning, and in the bid of rejuvenating economic vigor that most Asian countries and developing countries needed to keep up and even compete with more prominent countries in the international political system of the world.

scholarly journals The International Legal Regime for Biotechnology Patenting: an Appraisal from the Standpoint of Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-325
Author(s):  
Jean-Faustin Badimboli Atibasay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Ipr Protection

The development of biotechnology, which promises many economic opportunities, has revived the debate over the ownership of biological resources and its derivatives, as well as the sharing of the benefits which derive from its multiple applications. At the core of the debate, is the recent marriage between intellectual property rights (IPR) and international trade, within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In this context, the need of developed countries to prevent trade distortions due to the lack of adequate IPR protection in developing countries, is weighed against the need to promote local interests in these countries. However, the legal impact of recent multilateral agreements, which address biological innovations, is still subject to controversy. An assessment of these instruments reveals divergent approaches to the issues which divide the parties concerned. This results in ambiguities and conflicts with respect to relevant provisions of these agreements. From a wide range of possible solutions discussed, industrial and developing countries might consider to review the disputed provisions in a way that attempts to harmonise the agreements and render legal implications of their respective initiatives in this area more predictable.

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