Enzymatic Reetherification in the Production of Butterfat Substitutes

Enzymatic reetherification of fats has numerous technological and economic advantages, which makes its large-scale implementation highly efficient. Unlike chemical modification, enzymatic reetherification demonstrates a greater specificity, typical of the catalytic action of lipase, and a higher controllability. Lipases with positional specificity cause redistribution of fatty acids to occur only in extreme provisions of triglycerides. In addition, this method is 1.5 times lower than hydrogenation of fats. The authors used the facilities of an innovative laboratory provided by JSC Eurasian Foods Corporation to conduct practical research on reetherification of fatty mixes. The main objective was to study the effect of the fats obtained by fermental reetherification on the quality indicators of butterfat substitutes. The research featured the input products to be used in the formula of reetherified fat and prepared fat mixes for butterfat substitutes. The paper describes the process of enzymatic reetherification of mixes of oils and fats, prepared reesterified fats, and buttermilk substitutes obtained from reetherified fats. The process involved a sequence of reactors filled with Lipozyme TL IM, a granulated substance of a microbic 1.3-specific lipase. The lipase was obtained from Thermomyces Lanuginosus, which had been immobilized with silica gel. The obtained products conformed to the butterfat standards in that they contained 16–2% of polynonsaturated fatty acids, no transisomers of fatty acids, ≤ 38% of palmitiny acid, and ≤ 5% of solid triglycerides at 35 of °C. The melting temperature was under body heat. The resulting characteristics of butterfat substitutes make them high-quality dairy products.

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Assessment of Water Buffalo Milk and Traditional Milk Products in a Sustainable Production System

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zsolt Becskei ◽

Mila Savić ◽

Dragan Ćirković ◽

Mladen Rašeta ◽

Nikola Puvača ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Water Buffalo ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Sustainable Production ◽

High Quality ◽

Significant Difference

Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) conservation in Serbia is under an in situ program, but additional efforts are needed to ensure the development of this animal’s genetic resources biodiversity. This research aims to describe challenges and possible strategies for sustainable water buffalo milk production. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of buffalo milk and buffalo dairy products (cheese, butter, and kajmak) were determined. Furthermore, amino and fatty acids composition and the related health lipid indices (atherogenic and thrombogenic) were assessed. The findings support the fact that buffalo milk is a reliable source of high-quality nutrients (dry matter: 16.10%, fat: 6.02%, protein: 4.61%). Leucine, lysine, and valine content were found to be high in buffalo milk and cheese. A substantial quantity of non-essential glutamic and aspartic amino acids was observed in milk, as well as glutamic acid and tyrosine in cheese. It was established that milk protein of buffalo cheese had a favorable proportion of essential and non-essential amino acids (61.76%/38.24%). The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in fatty acid profiles among the three dairy products for saturated short-chain, n-3, and n-6 fatty acids. Conversely, no significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in monounsaturated fatty acids content. Kajmak showed the most favorable anti-atherogenic and anti-thrombogenic properties due to lower saturated and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content. These results confirmed that buffalo milk could be successfully used in producing high-quality traditional dairy products with added value and beneficial characteristics from the aspect of a healthy diet. Furthermore, it could actively contribute to the promotion of sustainable production of buffaloes and strengthen the agricultural production of rural areas and their heritage.

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Investigation of the feed resource for buffalo

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.52493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e52493

Author(s):

Silviya Ivanova ◽

Nikolay Markov

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Crop Production ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Quality ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Root Crops ◽

Nutritional Components ◽

Additional Production

Buffaloes make better use of coarse and inferior feed by converting them to biologically valuable animal production. They make very good use of the additional production of crop production, such as straw, sunflower cakes, sprouts and other. The aim is to study the physicochemical and fatty acid composition of the rations of buffalo of the Bulgarian mura breed in a church farm in Gigentsi village, Pernik District. The application of standard methods for the nutrition of buffaloes in separate periods - pastured with succulent fodder, winter (indoor) with coarse fodder, through which the ruminants are provided with the necessary nutritional components, allows to obtain high quality milk as a basic raw material for the production of dairy products. The use of succulent fodder and the incorporation of root crops into the feed instead of the buffalo concentrate provides them with respect to linoleic and alphalinolenic fatty acids, which are substrates for the synthesis of CLA (anticancer action) in rumen of ruminants.

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Fast and unambiguous determination of EPA and DHA content in oil of selected strains of algae and cyanobacteria

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.57.2009.2.17 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. Christian ◽

B. Lichti ◽

O. Pulz ◽

C. Grewe ◽

B. Luckas

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Quality ◽

Potential Source ◽

Unambiguous Determination ◽

Epa And Dha

Microalgae may contain large quantities of high-quality EPA and DHA. Therefore, they are considered as a potential source of these important fatty acids. Microalgae can be grown autotrophically on cheap substrates with light. This type of cultivation can be used to maximize the EPA and DHA content in microalgae, making the production of EPA and DHA possible on a large scale. In the present study ten different microalgae were screened for EPA and DHA contents as possible candidates for cultivation in bioreactors.

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Tiered Sampling

ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data ◽

10.1145/3441299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1-52

Author(s):

Lorenzo De Stefani ◽

Erisa Terolli ◽

Eli Upfal

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Analysis Of Algorithms ◽

Base Layer ◽

Single Edge ◽

Real World Data ◽

High Quality ◽

Large Graphs ◽

Massive Graphs ◽

Variance Estimate ◽

Low Probability

We introduce Tiered Sampling , a novel technique for estimating the count of sparse motifs in massive graphs whose edges are observed in a stream. Our technique requires only a single pass on the data and uses a memory of fixed size M , which can be magnitudes smaller than the number of edges. Our methods address the challenging task of counting sparse motifs—sub-graph patterns—that have a low probability of appearing in a sample of M edges in the graph, which is the maximum amount of data available to the algorithms in each step. To obtain an unbiased and low variance estimate of the count, we partition the available memory into tiers (layers) of reservoir samples. While the base layer is a standard reservoir sample of edges, other layers are reservoir samples of sub-structures of the desired motif. By storing more frequent sub-structures of the motif, we increase the probability of detecting an occurrence of the sparse motif we are counting, thus decreasing the variance and error of the estimate. While we focus on the designing and analysis of algorithms for counting 4-cliques, we present a method which allows generalizing Tiered Sampling to obtain high-quality estimates for the number of occurrence of any sub-graph of interest, while reducing the analysis effort due to specific properties of the pattern of interest. We present a complete analytical analysis and extensive experimental evaluation of our proposed method using both synthetic and real-world data. Our results demonstrate the advantage of our method in obtaining high-quality approximations for the number of 4 and 5-cliques for large graphs using a very limited amount of memory, significantly outperforming the single edge sample approach for counting sparse motifs in large scale graphs.

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Large-Scale and Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations on Mars: A Review

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11040174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Marco Emanuele Discenza ◽

Carlo Esposito ◽

Goro Komatsu ◽

Enrico Miccadei

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Quality ◽

Surface Data ◽

Geomorphological Processes ◽

Gravitational Processes ◽

Quality Surface ◽

High Quality Surface ◽

Mars Missions

The availability of high-quality surface data acquired by recent Mars missions and the development of increasingly accurate methods for analysis have made it possible to identify, describe, and analyze many geological and geomorphological processes previously unknown or unstudied on Mars. Among these, the slow and large-scale slope deformational phenomena, generally known as Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs), are of particular interest. Since the early 2000s, several studies were conducted in order to identify and analyze Martian large-scale gravitational processes. Similar to what happens on Earth, these phenomena apparently occur in diverse morpho-structural conditions on Mars. Nevertheless, the difficulty of directly studying geological, structural, and geomorphological characteristics of the planet makes the analysis of these phenomena particularly complex, leaving numerous questions to be answered. This paper reports a synthesis of all the known studies conducted on large-scale deformational processes on Mars to date, in order to provide a complete and exhaustive picture of the phenomena. After the synthesis of the literature studies, the specific characteristics of the phenomena are analyzed, and the remaining main open issued are described.

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FaceScape: A Large-Scale High Quality 3D Face Dataset and Detailed Riggable 3D Face Prediction

2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) ◽

10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00068 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haotian Yang ◽

Hao Zhu ◽

Yanru Wang ◽

Mingkai Huang ◽

Qiu Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Quality ◽

3D Face

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57 Precision neoantigen discovery using novel algorithms and expanded HLA-ligandome datasets

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A62-A62

Author(s):

Dattatreya Mellacheruvu ◽

Rachel Pyke ◽

Charles Abbott ◽

Nick Phillips ◽

Sejal Desai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Antigen Processing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Prediction Models ◽

K562 Cells ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Training Data ◽

High Quality ◽

Tissue Samples

BackgroundAccurately identified neoantigens can be effective therapeutic agents in both adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. A key challenge for neoantigen discovery has been the availability of accurate prediction models for MHC peptide presentation. We have shown previously that our proprietary model based on (i) large-scale, in-house mono-allelic data, (ii) custom features that model antigen processing, and (iii) advanced machine learning algorithms has strong performance. We have extended upon our work by systematically integrating large quantities of high-quality, publicly available data, implementing new modelling algorithms, and rigorously testing our models. These extensions lead to substantial improvements in performance and generalizability. Our algorithm, named Systematic HLA Epitope Ranking Pan Algorithm (SHERPA™), is integrated into the ImmunoID NeXT Platform®, our immuno-genomics and transcriptomics platform specifically designed to enable the development of immunotherapies.MethodsIn-house immunopeptidomic data was generated using stably transfected HLA-null K562 cells lines that express a single HLA allele of interest, followed by immunoprecipitation using W6/32 antibody and LC-MS/MS. Public immunopeptidomics data was downloaded from repositories such as MassIVE and processed uniformly using in-house pipelines to generate peptide lists filtered at 1% false discovery rate. Other metrics (features) were either extracted from source data or generated internally by re-processing samples utilizing the ImmunoID NeXT Platform.ResultsWe have generated large-scale and high-quality immunopeptidomics data by using approximately 60 mono-allelic cell lines that unambiguously assign peptides to their presenting alleles to create our primary models. Briefly, our primary ‘binding’ algorithm models MHC-peptide binding using peptide and binding pockets while our primary ‘presentation’ model uses additional features to model antigen processing and presentation. Both primary models have significantly higher precision across all recall values in multiple test data sets, including mono-allelic cell lines and multi-allelic tissue samples. To further improve the performance of our model, we expanded the diversity of our training set using high-quality, publicly available mono-allelic immunopeptidomics data. Furthermore, multi-allelic data was integrated by resolving peptide-to-allele mappings using our primary models. We then trained a new model using the expanded training data and a new composite machine learning architecture. The resulting secondary model further improves performance and generalizability across several tissue samples.ConclusionsImproving technologies for neoantigen discovery is critical for many therapeutic applications, including personalized neoantigen vaccines, and neoantigen-based biomarkers for immunotherapies. Our new and improved algorithm (SHERPA) has significantly higher performance compared to a state-of-the-art public algorithm and furthers this objective.

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A Novel and Efficient High-Yield Method for Preparing Bacterial Ghosts

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13060420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Yi Ma ◽

Liu Cui ◽

Meng Wang ◽

Qiuli Sun ◽

Kaisheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Expression System ◽

High Yield ◽

Wild Type ◽

High Quality ◽

Efficient Protection ◽

Bacterial Ghosts ◽

Cell Envelopes ◽

Extracellular Structures ◽

First Time

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes possessing native extracellular structures without a cytoplasm and genetic materials. BGs are proposed to have significant prospects in biomedical research as vaccines or delivery carriers. The applications of BGs are often limited by inefficient bacterial lysis and a low yield. To solve these problems, we compared the lysis efficiency of the wild-type protein E (EW) from phage ΦX174 and the screened mutant protein E (EM) in the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. The results show that the lysis efficiency mediated by protein EM was improved. The implementation of the pLysS plasmid allowed nearly 100% lysis efficiency, with a high initial cell density as high as OD600 = 2.0, which was higher compared to the commonly used BG preparation method. The results of Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence indicate that the expression level of protein EM was significantly higher than that of the non-pLysS plasmid. High-quality BGs were observed by SEM and TEM. To verify the applicability of this method in other bacteria, the T7 RNA polymerase expression system was successfully constructed in Salmonella enterica (S. Enterica, SE). A pET vector containing EM and pLysS were introduced to obtain high-quality SE ghosts which could provide efficient protection for humans and animals. This paper describes a novel and commonly used method to produce high-quality BGs on a large scale for the first time.

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The Sum of Plasma Fatty Acids iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-CLA, and cis6-18:1 as Biomarker of Dairy Intake Established in an Intervention Study and Validated in the EPIC Cohort of Gipuzkoa

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 702

Author(s):

Alaitz Berriozabalgoitia ◽

Juan Carlos Ruiz de Gordoa ◽

Mertxe de Renobales ◽

Gustavo Amores ◽

Luis Javier R. Barron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Dairy Intake ◽

Dairy Fat ◽

Product Consumption ◽

Dairy Product Consumption

The questioned reliability of 15:0, 17:0, and trans9-16:1 acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake also questions the relationship between the intake of these products and their health effects. Two studies were conducted in the same geographical region. In an intervention study, volunteers followed a diet rich in dairy products followed by a diet without dairy products. Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids (FA) were analyzed, and their correlations with dairy product intakes were tested. The FA biomarkers selected were validated in the Gipuzkoa cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) observational study. The correlation coefficients between plasma concentrations of iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-18:2, and cis6-18:1 and the dairy fat ingested are similar in both studies, indicating that their concentration increases by 0.8 µmol/L per gram of dairy fat ingested. The biomarkers are positively related to plasma triglycerides (r = 0.324 and 0.204 in the intervention and observational studies, respectively) and total cholesterol (r = 0.459 and 0.382), but no correlation was found between the biomarkers and atherogenicity indexes. In conclusion, the sum of the plasma concentration of the selected FAs can be used as biomarkers of dairy product consumption. A linear relationship exists between their plasma concentrations and ruminant product intake. These biomarkers allow for obtaining consistent relationships between dairy intake and plasma biochemical parameters.

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