scholarly journals Demographic differences in use of household tap water in a representative sample of US adults, FallStyles 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla L. Vanden Esschert ◽  
Catherine E. Barrett ◽  
Sarah A. Collier ◽  
Amanda G. Garcia-Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Hannapel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Tap water that is safe to consume may cause respiratory illness (e.g., Legionnaires’ disease) when water conditions allow for proliferation and aerosolization of biofilm-associated pathogens. This study assessed household tap water consumption, exposure to aerosolized tap water, and associated demographics. A nationally representative FallStyles survey administered by Porter Novelli Public Services was sent to 4,677 US adult panelists in October 2019. There were 3,624 adults that completed the survey (77.5% response rate). Respondents were asked about self-reported use of household tap water for consumption (i.e., drinking, rinsing produce, or making ice) and use through water-aerosolizing devices (e.g., showerheads, humidifiers). Demographics included gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, region, and health status. Weighted analyses using complex sample survey procedures were used to assess tap water exposure by route and demographics. Most US adults are exposed to aerosolized tap water through showering (80.6%), and one in five are exposed through other water-aerosolizing devices (20.3%). Consumption and showering were greatest among older, White, higher educated, and higher-income adults. Aerosolized tap water can transmit waterborne pathogens and cause respiratory illness, especially among older age groups and people with weakened immune systems. These results will help target health messages for using water-aerosolizing devices safely.

Prevalence and Demographic Differences in Work as a Calling in the United States: Results From a Nationally Representative Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272199569
Author(s):  
Micah J. White ◽  
Dylan R. Marsh ◽  
Bryan J. Dik ◽  
Cheryl L. Beseler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

Within the last two decades, social science research on work as a calling has rapidly grown. To date, knowledge regarding prevalence and demographic differences of calling in the United States derives from data collected mainly from regionally limited and/or occupationally homogenous samples. The present study used data from the Portraits of American Life Study, a nationally stratified panel study of religion in the United States (U.S.), to estimate calling’s prevalence in the U.S. Our findings represent the first known population estimates of seeking, perceiving, and living a calling in the U.S. Results revealed that calling is a relevant concept for many U.S. adults, with 43% endorsing “mostly true” or “totally true” to the statement “I have a calling to a particular kind of work.” Small differences for presence of and search for a calling emerged across age groups, employment statuses, and levels of importance of God or spirituality. For living a calling, significant differences were identified only for importance of God or spirituality, contrasting with previous findings that suggested that living a calling varies as a function of income and social status. Implications for research and practice are explored.

scholarly journals Gender differences in general practice utilisation in New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Jatrana ◽  
Peter Crampton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Practice ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Gp Services ◽  
Nationally Representative

INTRODUCTION: This paper aims to examine gender differences in general practice utilisation in New Zealand. METHODS: The data for this research came from 10 506 visit records gathered from 246 general practitioners (GPs) who took part in the National Primary Medical Care Survey (NatMedCa), a nationally representative, multistage, probability sample survey of GPs and patient visits conducted in 2001/2002. The number of visits to a general practice in the last 12 months among those patients who visited the GP at least once during the past 12 months was used as the outcome variable. Poisson regression was used for analysis. RESULTS: Women were more likely than men to visit a GP over the last 12 months (IRR=1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.24). We also found significant female excess in utilisation of GP services even after excluding gynaecological and obstetric conditions and across all age groups. Asian were 39% less likely than European women to visit a GP (IRR=0.61; 95% CI: 0.43–0.85); a result that was not reflected in men’s utilisation of GP services. In addition, we found that women visiting GPs were 39% more likely to have reported ‘life-threatening’ problems as compared to ‘self-limiting’ problems (IRR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.00–1.94). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the body of literature that suggests that women’s excess in service use can largely be attributed to gynaecological and obstetrical conditions or that the female excess in visits is focussed in the childbearing years. Ethnicity and the severity of a problem contributed significantly to explaining women’s, but not men’s, utilisation of GPs. KEYWORDS: Gender differences; health services utilisation; New Zealand

scholarly journals Workaholism in Korea: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudol Kang
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study has two objectives – to provide a Korean form of the workaholism analysis questionnaire, and to analyze workaholic tendencies in South Korea by using a nationally representative data. Using 4,242 samples (2,497 men and 1,745 women), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to develop a Korean form (K-WAQ). The four-factor structure of K-WAQ in this study seemed to adequately represent the underlying dimensions of work addiction in Korea. The study also analyzed the prevalence of workaholism among Koreans and its differences according to socio-demographic variables. Both mean difference analyses and logistic regressions were conducted. The overall result indicated that the prevalence of workaholism in Korea can be estimated to be 39.7% of the employees. The workaholic tendencies in Korea differ significantly according to gender, age, work hours, and voluntariness of choosing employment type. Practical as well as theoretical implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Examining Recent Trends in the Racial Disparity Gap in Tap Water Consumption: NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Anisha I. Patel ◽  
Francesca Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective As tap water distrust has grown in the US with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends. Design Cross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities examined US nationally-representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity. Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011–2018. Participants Nationally-representative sample of 9,439 children aged 2-19 and 17,268 adults. Results Among US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63% (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]:1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-2.12, p<0.001) and 40% (PR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.16-1.69, p=0.001) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18.1% (95%CI: 13.4-22.8) and 24.6% (95%CI: 20.7-28.4) in 2013–14 to 29.3% (95%CI: 23.5-35.1) and 34.5% (95%CI: 29.4-39.6) in 2017–2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24.5% (95%CI: 19.4-29.6) and 27.1% (95%CI: 23.0-31.2) in 2013-14 to 39.7% (95%CI: 32.7-46.8) and 38.1% (95%CI: 33.0-43.1) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or white persons between 2013-14 and 2017-18. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption. Conclusions This study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011–2018. Black and Hispanics’ probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.

scholarly journals Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-il Kim ◽  
Eunjeong Ji ◽  
Jung-yeon Choi ◽  
Sun-wook Kim ◽  
Soyeon Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.

Do Migrants Receive Tuberculosis Education in China? Evidence From the China Migrants Dynamic Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110003
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Mengdi Guo ◽  
Tingyue Dong ◽  
Beibei Gong ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Bulletin Boards ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background Migrants are the key population for tuberculosis (TB) transmission in China. However, it remains unknown how many migrants have received TB education and through what means. Objectives To identify the rate and methods of TB education among migrants in China by using nationally representative data. Method This study used secondary data analysis. The data were derived from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2014–2017. A total sample of 745,926 migrants was included in the following analysis. Information on TB education was collected through a self-report questionnaire. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to explore the relationship between the independent variables and the receipt of TB education. Results Only 30.4% ( n = 226,458) received TB education. Among all age-groups, participants between 65 and 69 years old had the highest TB education rate (33.4%). Bulletin boards (86.5%–91%), media (73% to 86.7%), and books/magazines (59.2%–67.4%) were the most common ways for migrants to receive TB education. Conclusions Our study showed the rates of TB education in each region of China and indicated the significant disparity among the seven regions. Traditional media, off-line medical consultation, community advocacy, and bulletin boards should be the primary methods of delivering TB education. TB education campaigns targeting migrants with a low socioeconomic status should be actively promoted.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Foods and Beverages of Low Nutritional Value to the Diets of Swedish Adolescents, by Food Group, Time and Place. A Nationally Representative Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Anna Karin Lindroos ◽  
Lotta Moraeus ◽  
Jessica Petrelius Sipinen ◽  
Eva Warensjö Lemming ◽  
Emma Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative

Adolescence is a time in life when lifestyle behaviours are acquired. One indicator of poor diet quality is the intake of foods and beverages with a relatively low nutritional value. Using the Australian classification of such foods, termed “discretionary”, we classified the intakes of Swedish adolescents who participated in the Riksmaten Adolescent 2016–17 national dietary survey. From selected schools, 3099 adolescents in age groups 11–12, 14–15 and 17–18 years provided two 24-h recalls. Intakes and healthy dietary scores were calculated. Plasma ferritin, folate and 25(OH)D were available for a third. Almost 40% of total energy came from discretionary foods/beverages. Adolescents with higher intakes were more likely to be female, older, from a low socioeconomic position-household and born in Sweden. Most discretionary foods/beverages were consumed on weekend days and during in-between meals, outside of the home and at school. Percent energy from discretionary intake was associated with healthy dietary scores but not nutritional status. A substantial amount of energy was obtained from discretionary foods/beverages, and we found that consumption is pervasive across sociodemographic factors, time and place. Addressing this pattern will require a comprehensive approach to food environments and behaviours to reach all adolescents in an equitable manner.

Loneliness in Malta: Findings from the first National Prevalence Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110201
Author(s):  
Marilyn Clark ◽  
Jamie Bonnici ◽  
Andrew Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Mortgage Payment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
National Prevalence

Loneliness has been examined by an increasing number of scholars, being implicated in numerous detrimental outcomes for mental and physical health. However, most loneliness prevalence studies have focused on particular age groups, thus overlooking how loneliness differs across the lifespan. This study assessed loneliness prevalence in a nationally representative sample ( n = 1,009) of the Maltese population aged 11 years and above using the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, while also identifying associations between loneliness and sociodemographic factors. Results demonstrate that 43.5% of the Maltese population experiences some form of loneliness. The association between loneliness and age demonstrates a nonlinear relationship, with elevated loneliness rates among adolescents, which decrease slightly in early adulthood, before slowly increasing from age 35 onward. Loneliness is also significantly associated with education level, employment status, household composition, mortgage payment status, perception of income, presence of a disability, active citizenship, as well as self-rated physical health, coping ability, and subjective wellbeing. These findings indicate that loneliness is experienced in significant rates across the lifespan, and intervention efforts should be targeted toward individuals of all ages.

scholarly journals Real-World Utilization of Oral Anticancer Agents Costs in Older Adults with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States

Kidney Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Wilson ◽  
Lisa Spees ◽  
Jessica Pritchard ◽  
Melissa A. Greiner ◽  
Charles D. Scales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Oral Anticancer Agents

Background: Substantial racial and socioeconomic disparities in metastatic RCC (mRCC) have persisted following the introduction of targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs). The relationship between patient characteristics and OAA access and costs that may underlie persistent disparities in mRCC outcomes have not been examined in a nationally representative patient population. Methods: Retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis of patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2007–2015 over age 65 with Medicare part D prescription drug coverage. Associations between patient characteristics, OAA receipt, and associated costs were analyzed in the 12 months following mRCC diagnosis and adjusted to 2015 dollars. Results: 2,792 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 32.4%received an OAA. Most patients received sunitinib (57%) or pazopanib (28%) as their first oral therapy. Receipt of OAA did not differ by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic indicators. Patients of advanced age (>  80 years), unmarried patients, and patients residing in the Southern US were less likely to receive OAAs. The mean inflation-adjusted 30-day cost to Medicare of a patient’s first OAA prescription nearly doubled from $3864 in 2007 to $7482 in 2015, while patient out-of-pocket cost decreased from $2409 to $1477. Conclusion: Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were not associated with decreased OAA receipt in patients with mRCC; however, residing in the Southern United States was, as was marital status. Surprisingly, the cost to Medicare of an initial OAA prescription nearly doubled from 2007 to 2015, while patient out-of-pocket costs decreased substantially. Shifts in OAA costs may have significant economic implications in the era of personalized medicine.

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