scholarly journals River chief system: an institutional analysis to address watershed governance in China

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Jingjing Wan ◽  
Yuchun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Crisis Events ◽  
Accountability Mechanism ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Abstract China suffers from frequent water crisis events caused by ecological pollution in watersheds. The river chief system policy is an institutional innovation by the government to deal with the ecological environmental crisis in the river basin. This study focuses on China's watershed environmental governance policy and describes the origin, operation mode, and governance effect of its river chief system policy. This study comparatively analyses the advantages of the policy in basin environmental governance, such as clear government responsibility, enhanced coordination among government departments, the accountability mechanism of the one-vote veto system, and the disadvantages of the policy in terms of high costs, information asymmetry, and lack of public participation. Furthermore, this study proposes suggestions on the sustainable development of watershed environmental governance from three aspects: regional characteristics, investment, and institutional innovation of policy implementation.

scholarly journals Time for Science-Based National Targets for Environmental Sustainability: An Assessment of Existing Metrics and the ESGAP Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkaitz Usubiaga-Liaño ◽  
Paul Ekins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
National Level ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Performance Index ◽  
Strong Sustainability ◽  
Development Goals

Despite the overwhelming scientific evidence on the ongoing degradation of the environment, there is a clear gap between the urgency of the environmental crisis and the policy measures put in place to tackle it. Because of the role of metrics in environmental governance, the way environmental information is translated into metrics is of utmost relevance. In this context, we propose criteria to assesses the suitability of environmental metrics to monitor environmental sustainability at the national level. After assessing well-known environmental metrics such as the Sustainable Development Goals indicators and the Environmental Performance Index, we conclude that countries still lack robust and resonant metrics to monitor environmental sustainability. In order to bridge this metric gap, we present the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) framework, which builds on the concepts of strong sustainability, critical natural capital, environmental functions and science-based targets. Different composite indicators are proposed as part of the ESGAP framework. Through these metrics, the framework has the potential to embed strong sustainability thinking and science-based targets in nations in which these concepts are not currently sufficiently reflected in policies.

scholarly journals Effects of Land Urbanization on Smog Pollution in China: Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Panel Data Models

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Xuan Yu ◽  
Manhong Shen ◽  
Weiteng Shen ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Urbanization

Studying the impact of land urbanization on smog pollution has important guiding significance for the sustainable development of cities. This study adds the spatial effect between regions into the research framework of smog pollution control in China. On the basis of a panel dataset of 31 province-level administrative regions in China from 2000 to 2017, we investigate the impact of land urbanization on smog pollution. We construct a spatial weight matrix and use Moran’s I statistic and the spatial autoregressive panel data model. The research results show that land urbanization and smog pollution have an inverted U-shaped relationship. With the advancement of land urbanization, the area’s smog pollution first increases and then decreases. However, in general, China has not passed the inflection point and is still at a stage where increasing land urbanization rate aggravates smog pollution. Moreover, the country’s smog pollution has a significant spatial positive correlation that shows agglomeration. In that context, multiple environmental governance entities, including the government, enterprises, and the public, need to collaborate on measures to reduce smog pollution. Future urban construction in China will need to integrate solutions that address the current nexus between urbanization and smog pollution to achieve green and sustainable development.

Research on Green Supply Chain Finance Model With Multi-Party Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Syed Shahid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
The Government

Green supply chain and green finance, like effective market means, have played an important role in environmental governance since the reform and opening up in China for 40 years, and have accumulated rich practical experience in many regions and fields. In the new stage of social development and environmental management system construction in the new era, the organic combination of green supply chain and green finance will be very important for speeding up the construction of ecological civilization and achieving the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. This chapter summarizes the current situation and existing problems of green supply chain and green finance, and analyses the reasons why green supply chain finance can be used as a means to break through the bottleneck of environmental management, and creatively puts forward a new model of green supply chain finance with multi-participation, which provides reference for the government, financial institutions, and enterprises to make environmental management decisions.

scholarly journals ROLE OF NGOs IN THE PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Geet Dhingra ◽  
Nilesh Arora ◽  
Priyanka Panday
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Stagnant Point ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

Despite the fact that agriculture sector is characterized by ‘the biggest’ sector contributing to the 18% of GDP and providing employment to more than 50% of the population, it’s also characterized by the one with hurdles that may land the sector to a stagnant point and largely affect the entire economy. This study throws light on the gaps in the agriculture sector and the role of NGOs in bridging those gaps, promoting awareness programs and upgrading development facilities. However, the government has been promising to come over all the issues that hurdle the development, but the efforts on its part have not been up to the mark. Meanwhile, NGOs are emerging as a new impetus and shouldering the agricultural development. NGOs as a third sector institutional framework have a bigger role to play in providing a strong and stout support system while ensuring effective implementation of govt. programs towards the sustainable development in various sectors such as education, poverty alleviation, health, agriculture, youth empowerment and community development. Also, this study aims at providing suggestions to effectively utilize the network of NGOs towards upliftment of agriculture sector.

Dancing with Three Hands: The Identical Roots of China’s Agricultural Miracle and Crisis

Social Change ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Ping Fang ◽  
Caihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The One

Ever since economic reforms were launched in China in 1978, the government, as ‘the visible hand’, introduced extraordinary policies by reorganising agricultural production and providing fiscal and financial support to promote rural development. The market, on its part as ‘the invisible hand’ stimulated distribution and strengthened agricultural competitiveness. Society, as ‘the third hand’, helped agricultural development further by creating a favourable environment; reinforcing human relationships and emphasising qualities like diligence and thrift. These three hands, namely the government, market and society, then promoted agricultural development in China. However, at the same time, their unequal relationship had the opposite effect. Thus, while on the one hand, a ‘dance’ of these hands lead to great achievements in agricultural production, farmers’ income and rural development, it also created a systematic crisis of unsustainable agricultural production. So this relationship simultaneously has been the cause of the miracle and the crisis in Chinese agriculture. We conclude by saying that for the sustainable development of China’s agriculture an efficient market, an effective government and a powerful society are three necessary elements.

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

Strategi Pengembangan Kelompok Wanita Tani pada Optimalisasi Lahan Pekarangan di Desa Wonogiri

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Nindy Danisa Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
Purposive Sample

Development of food security implemented to meet the human basic needs that provide benefits fairly and equitably based on self – reliance, and not contrary to public faith. Referring to the government regulation No 22 of 2009 concerning Food Consumption Diversification Acceleration (P2KP). However, it is not supported by the development of women farmers. The method use in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis using SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Treath). The samples in this study is the purposive sample. Result of a study showed the amount of income earned from the group of women farmers in the one month is 150,000/ members. Proper development strategies used in the development strategies used in the development KWT Melati is a Growth Oriented Strategy is very profitable strategy to seize opportunities with the strength. Pembangunan ketahan pangan dilaksanakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar manusia yang memberikan manfaat secara adil dan merata berdasarkan kemandirian, dan tidak bertentangan dengan keyakinan masyarakat. Mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No 22 Tahun 2009 mengenai Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan (P2KP). Namun, hal ini tidak didukung dengan adanya pengembangan kelompok wanita tani. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Treath). Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan sampel purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan besaran pendapatan yang diperoleh dari adanya kelompok wanita tani dalam satu bulan adalah Rp.150.000/bulan/anggota. Strategi pengembangan yang tepat digunakan dalam pengembangan Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Melati adalah Growth Oriented Strategy.

Recommendations of The Ombudsman’s Dilemma: Between Law Enforcement Officials and Protection of Credibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dyah Adriantini Sintha Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Oversight Body

The Ombudsman as an external oversight body for official performance, in Fikih Siyasah (constitutionality in Islam) is included in the supervision stipulated in legislation (al-musahabah al-qomariyah). Supervision is done so that public service delivery to the community is in accordance with the rights of the community. This is done because in carrying out its duties, officials are very likely to conduct mal administration, which is bad public services that cause harm to the community. The Ombudsman is an institution authorized to resolve the mal administration issue, in which one of its products is by issuing a recommendation. Although Law No. 37 of 2018 on the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia states that the recommendation is mandatory, theombudsman's recommendations have not been implemented. This is due to differences in point of view, ie on the one hand in the context of law enforcement, but on the other hand the implementation of the recommendation is considered as a means of opening the disgrace of officials. Recommendations are the last alternative of Ombudsman's efforts to resolve the mal administration case, given that a win-win solution is the goal, then mediation becomes the main effort. This is in accordance with the condition of the Muslim majority of Indonesian nation and prioritizes deliberation in resolving dispute. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the community and officials related to the implementation of the Ombudsman's recommendations in order to provide good public services for the community, which is the obligation of the government.

GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadzir
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
State Control ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.

MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SEJAK USIA DINI

Edupedia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Agus Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early Age ◽  
National Education ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Character education is a vital instrument in determining the progress of a nation. Therefore the government needs to build educational institutions in order to produce good human resources that are ready to oversee and deliver the nation at a progressive level. It’s just that in reality, national education is not in line with the ideals of national education because the output is not in tune with moral values on the one hand and the potential for individuals to compete in world intellectual order on the other hand. Therefore, as a solution to these problems is the need for the applicationof character education from an early age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document