Colour removal by ion exchange and reuse of regenerant by means of nanofiltration

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schippers ◽  
M. Kooi ◽  
P. Sjoerdsma ◽  
F. de Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Exchange Processes

In the past year Vitens, The Netherlands' largest water supply company, and Witteveen+Bos, have prepared the preliminary, basic and detailed design for a full-scale ion exchange plant reducing colour in drinking water to a value of less than 10 mg/l PtCo. Current pilot study shows that the results are even better than expected. The plant will be built in 2004 and start-up is scheduled for mid 2005. The introduction of ion exchange at WTP (Water Treatment Plant) Oldeholtpade is part of a larger project, also including softening in pellet reactors, preceded by counter-current aeration and renovation of the existing treatment plant. The colour content present in groundwater is caused by peat layers. In contrast with conventional ion exchange processes, previous pilot studies showed that the exchange capacity of the resin for organics is much larger than expected. The excellent results can be explained by assuming the simultaneous occurrence of adsorption and ion exchange processes on the resin. It can be concluded that optimising operating conditions, such as higher exchange capacity (as KMnO4/liter resin), higher superficial velocity, shorter contact time and longer filter run cycle clearly affect resin volume as well as the required amount of regenerant. Vitens has started additional experiments at WTP Spannenburg to confirm the innovative design parameters. Aim of the research is the relation between adsorption and ion exchange during filtration, in order to clarify the achieved results. Furthermore the relationship between the specific water type (characterisation of organic compounds) and the operational results of ion exchange will be studied. In order to minimise the waste regenerant, treatment towards recycling is studied by dead end nanofiltration. With nanofiltration it is possible to concentrate the waste stream to a maximum of 10% of the original waste stream. The recovered regenerant can be recycled for regeneration of the resin.

scholarly journals Modeling of Ion Exchange Processes to Optimize Metal Removal from Complex Mine Water Matrices

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3109
Author(s):  
Angela Isabel Pedregal Montes ◽  
Janith Abeywickrama ◽  
Nils Hoth ◽  
Marlies Grimmer ◽  
Carsten Drebenstedt
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Exchange Processes

The modeling of ion exchange processes could significantly enhance their applicability in mine water treatment, as the modern synthetic resins give unique advantages for the removal of metals. Accurate modeling improves the predictability of the process, minimizing the time and costs involved in laboratory column testing. However, to date, the development and boundary conditions of such ion exchange systems with complex mine waters are rarely studied and poorly understood. A representative ion exchange model requires the definition of accurate parameters and coefficients. Therefore, theoretical coefficients estimated from natural exchange materials that are available in geochemical databases often need to be modified. A 1D reactive transport model was developed based on PhreeqC code, using three case scenarios of synthetic mine waters and varying the operating conditions. The first approach was defined with default exchange coefficients from the phreeqc.dat database to identify and study the main parameters and coefficients that govern the model: cation exchange capacity, exchange coefficients, and activity coefficients. Then, these values were adjusted through iterative calibration until a good approximation between experimental and simulation breakthrough curves was achieved. This study proposes a suitable methodology and challenges for modeling the removal of metals from complex mine waters using synthetic ion exchange resins.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Enzymatic-Based Cleaning of Cation-Exchange Membranes Used in Electrodialysis System in Red Wine Production

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bdiri ◽  
Bensghaier ◽  
Chaabane ◽  
Kozmai ◽  
Baklouti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity

The use of enzymatic agents as biological solutions for cleaning ion-exchange membranes fouled by organic compounds during electrodialysis (ED) treatments in the food industry could be an interesting alternative to chemical cleanings implemented at an industrial scale. This paper is focused on testing the cleaning efficiency of three enzyme classes (β-glucanase, protease, and polyphenol oxidase) chosen for their specific actions on polysaccharides, proteins, and phenolic compounds, respectively, fouled on a homogeneous cation-exchange membrane (referred CMX-Sb) used for tartaric stabilization of red wine by ED in industry. First, enzymatic cleaning tests were performed using each enzyme solution separately with two different concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 g/L) at different incubation temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C). The evolution of membrane parameters (electrical conductivity, ion-exchange capacity, and contact angle) was determined to estimate the efficiency of the membrane′s principal action as well as its side activities. Based on these tests, we determined the optimal operating conditions for optimal recovery of the studied characteristics. Then, cleaning with three successive enzyme solutions or the use of two enzymes simultaneously in an enzyme mixture were tested taking into account the optimal conditions of their enzymatic activity (concentration, temperatures, and pH). This study led to significant results, indicating effective external and internal cleaning by the studied enzymes (a recovery of at least 25% of the electrical conductivity, 14% of the ion-exchange capacity, and 12% of the contact angle), and demonstrated the presence of possible enzyme combinations for the enhancement of the global cleaning efficiency or reducing cleaning durations. These results prove, for the first time, the applicability of enzymatic cleanings to membranes, the inertia of their action towards polymer matrix to the extent that the choice of enzymes is specific to the fouling substrates.

Intriguing Clinical and Pharmaceutical Applications of IERs: A Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Anushree Saha ◽  
Manas Kanti Deb ◽  
Mithlesh Mahilang ◽  
Shubhra Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Novel Drug

Ion exchange resins (IERs) are solid poly-electrolytes which have both sorption and exchange capacity of several organic compounds. They have the power to separate ionic and non-ionic substances with the surrounding medium. The drug materials or substances are adsorbed on resin, which is commonly known as resinate, these features of IERs have useful applications in pharmaceutical formation (i.e., taste masking, stability and solubility enhancement, etc.) and major applications in drug delivery (i.e., oral, nasal, ophthalmic, transdarmal drug delivery). IE principles have been exploited in the investigation of numerous drug industry problems for many years. Synthetic IERs have been extensively employed in pharmacy and medicine, especially for taste masking or controlled release of drugs and have been expansively studied in the development of novel drug delivery systems and other biomedical applications. In this review, the fascinating IERs involving ion exchange processes in pharmaceutical and clinical applications and also their recent advanced uses have been discussed.

scholarly journals Use of ion exchange for removal of Ammonium: A biological regeneration of zeolite

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Nitrate Anion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Column System ◽  
Clinoptilolite Zeolite

Nitrogen in the Ammonia form can have deleterious effects in water resources. Ion Exchange by zeolite and biological Nitrification processes are two proposed methods for removing Nitrogen compounds from wastewater and effluents. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of nitrifying bacteria for regenerating Clinoptilolite zeolite. In this research, the Semnan Clinoptilolite zeolite was supplied in mesh 30. Then the capacity of zeolite in ammonium removal was determined in column system. To cultivate of nitrifying bacteria a sludge sample was taken from a domestic wastewater treatment plant and added to a 15 l aeration tank. Ammonium and other nutrients were added in the reactor daily over a month period and the effect of nitrate anion and MLVSS on nitrification process have been determined. After saturation of zeolite with ammonium, biological regeneration was done by contact of zeolite and nitrifying bacteria in column system. In this stage slurry of nitrifying bacteria is pumped up flow through the zeolite column and recycled to the aeration tank. The effluent containing the displaced ammonium is oxidized to nitrate by the nitrifying bacteria. Then the nitrified brine is clarified in a sedimentation tank and stored for reuses. The results showed that the cation exchange capacity was 10.06 (in breakthrough point) and 18.38 mg NH4+ g-1 zeolite as total capacity. The results indicated that nitrification accelerated by increasing in MLVSS concentration and concentration of nitrate remains in solution. The results obtained from bioregeneration tests of zeolite showed that the efficiency was 87.7 to 99.8% in period of 3.5 to 5.5 hours. Based on the results, since regeneration is achieved in high concentration of nitrate, the use of nitrifying sludge in several cycles is possible and the use of system can be appreciated to an alternative economical method for removing NH4+ from effluent.

Improving the biological stability of drinking water by ion exchange

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grefte ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
E. R. Cornelissen ◽  
L. C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Pre Treatment

To guarantee a good water quality at the consumer’s tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research is to measure the effect of NOM removal by ion exchange on the biological stability of drinking water. Experiments were performed in two lanes of the pilot plant of Weesperkarspel in the Netherlands. The lanes consisted of ozonation, softening, biological activated carbon filtration and slow sand filtration. Ion exchange in fluidized form was used as pre-treatment in one lane and removed 50% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC); the other lane was used as reference. Compared to the reference lane, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration of the finished water in the lane pretreated by ion exchange was 61% lower. The biofilm formation rate of the finished water was decreased with 70% to 2.0 pg ATP/cm2.day. The achieved concentration of AOC and the values of the biofilm formation rate with ion exchange pre-treatment showed that the biological stability of drinking water can be improved by extending a treatment plant with ion exchange, especially when ozonation is involved as disinfection and oxidation step.

Relationships between Population Dynamics and Operating Parameters in an Activated Sludge-Plant by Statistical Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cingolani ◽  
M. Cossignani ◽  
R. Miliani
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Aerobic Treatment

Statistical analyses were applied to data from a series of 38 samples collected in an aerobic treatment plant from November 1989 to December 1990. Relationships between microfauna structure and plant operating conditions were found. Amount and quality of microfauna groups and species found in activated sludge proved useful to suggest the possible causes of disfunctions.

Up-flow roughing filtration: rehabilitation of a water treatment plant in Tarata, Bolivia

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ingallinella ◽  
Luis María Stecca ◽  
Martin Wegelin
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Made In

This paper presents the methodology used for the rehabilitation of the pretreatment stage in a water treatment plant for a village located in Bolivia which has 3500 inhabitants. The treatment plant was initially composed by horizontal-flow roughing filters and slow sand filters, but due to the high contents of colloidal turbidity of the providing source, it did not work properly. A plan of rehabilitation was made which comprised laboratory tests, pilot tests and proposal of modifications based on the results of previous stages. The laboratory tests were made in order to find the optimum conditions to coagulate the raw water. It was found that horizontal-flow roughing filters must be turned into up-flow roughing filters, so a pilot plant was built and was operated for three months in order to find suitable design parameters. The results obtained obtained during the operation of the pilot plant and the proposal of modifications are presented. The results of operation of the final plant, which are also reported, demonstrated the advantages of the up-flow roughing filtration as a pretreatment stage when it is necessary to add chemical products in small treatment plants.

Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bleha ◽  
Věra Šumberová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Sorption ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage by Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3393-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Yan Ming Yang ◽  
Yun Long Li ◽  
Jian Qiu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Average Percentage

The process technique and design parameters of project of Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant (short for SOESTP) which consists of anaerobic reactor, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands(CWs) and the combination of solar power and ozone disinfection are described, the paper further examines the removal efficiency for treating rural domestic sewage, running expense and recycling ability of product water. The results show that the average percentage removal values of CODcr，BOD5，SS，TN，NH3-N，TP range from 95.6% to 98.0%, 96.0% to 98.7%, 93.1% to 96.1%, 97.0% to 98.9%, 96.9% to 99.5%, 98.2% to 99.6%, respectively, the reduction of fecal coliform (FC) reaches 99.9%, the effluent quality meets the first level A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant（GB18918-2002）. The running cost of SOESTP is 0.063yuan/ m3, saves much more than traditional sewage treatment, and the ozone water obtained from the reservoir will be an ideal choice for disinfection .The system has characteristics of easy manipulation, low operating cost, achieving advanced water, energy conservation and environment protection, is thought to be very suitable for use as the promotion of rural small - scale sewage treatment.

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