Evaluation of α-amylase Inhibition and Cytotoxic Activities of the Arachis hypogaea and Cinnamomum tamala

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deedarul Hyder Sani ◽  
Ali Newaz Munna ◽  
Mohammad Salim ◽  
Md. Jahangir Alam ◽  
Md. Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Ic50 Value

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most occurring non-communicable disease resulting in a high blood glucose level. There has been an immense interest in the development of alternative medicines for diabetes treatment, specifically screening functional foods for phytochemicals with the capability of delaying or preventing glucose absorption through digestive enzymes (e.g. α-amylase) inhibition. So, the development of α-amylase inhibitors derived from natural food products is an alternative way to prevent diabetes mellitus Objective: In this study, organic solvent extracts of the Arachis hypogaea (Peanut) and Cinnamomum tamala (Indian bay leaf /Tejpata) were used to investigate their potential α-amylase inhibition and cytotoxic activities through α-amylase inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay respectively Method: The α-amylase inhibition assay was performed using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method for different concentrations of plant extracts. The optical density (OD) of the solutions were measured to determine the inhibition activity at 540 nm using a spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was measured using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay Results: Among the different organic solvent extracts, peanut seed ethanol extract showed the highest α-amylase inhibition activity (67.68±8.67%) at 1.25 μg/mL concentration with an IC50 value of 0.61 μg/mL which is very close to standard α-amylase inhibitor Acarbose (72.34±4.23%) with an IC50 value of 0.32 μg/mL while acetone extract of Indian bay leaf exhibited the lowest inhibition activity (47.75±1.63%) with an IC50 value of 1.42 μg/mL at the same concentration. Besides, the maximum cytotoxic activity was found in acetone extract of peanut shell with an LC50 value of 57.87 μg/mL whereas ethanol extract of peanut seed showed the lowest cytotoxicity with an LC50 value of 413.90 μg/mL Conclusion: The result of the present work clearly indicates the potentiality of peanut seed ethanol extract to be used in the management of hyperglycemia as it significantly inhibits α-amylase activity while showing less cytotoxic activities

Evaluation of Invertase Inhibition Activity and Cytotoxicity of Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Swietenia macrophyllia Leaves, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Debnath ◽  
Mohammad Salim ◽  
Md Faruque Miah ◽  
Rezaul Karim ◽  
Md Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Sucrose Hydrolysis ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Invertase, the key enzyme responsible for sucrose hydrolysis. Inhibition of invertase can decrease the postprandial blood sugar level in diabetic patients and keep the blood glucose level normal where cytotoxicity to fast-growing cells like those of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii is a great measurement for further important drug development. This study was aimed to investigate potential anti-diabetic and cytotoxic activities of the ethanol and acetone extracts of Swietenia macrophylla leaves, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Invertase inhibition activities of S. macrophylla leaves, S. cumini, and T. foenum-graecum seeds were measured by spectrophotometrically using standard protocols and cytotoxicity were measured by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Among the plant extracts, all ethanol extracts showed higher invertase inhibition activities than all acetone extracts. S. cumini seed ethanol extract showed the highest invertase inhibition activity whereas S. macrophylla leaves acetone extract showed the lowest invertase inhibition activity. The maximum toxicity was observed in ethanol extract of T. foenum-graecum seed whereas the lowest toxicity was observed in acetone extract of S. macrophylla leaves. Both ethanol and acetone extract of T. foenum-graecumseeds showed significant cytotoxic activities. This investigation suggested that S. cumini and T. foenum-graecum seeds possess potential antidiabetic activities and T. foenum-graecum seeds have potential cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Inhibition of α-Glucosidase Activity and The Toxicity of Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff. Leaf Extract

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Robby Gus Mahardika ◽  
Occa Roanisca ◽  
Fajar Indah Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract : This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity and toxicity of the acetone extract of Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff leaf. The antidiabetic test was the α-glucosidase inhibition method, while the toxicity test used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The acetone extract possessed antidiabetic activity with an IC50 value of 8.83 ± 0.31 (μg/mL). This value is not much different from the positive control of quercetin which has an IC50 value of 6.04 ± 0.14 (μg/mL). The characteristics of the FT-IR spectrum of acetone extract showed that Tristaniopsis merguensis leaf has the groups Ar-OH (phenolic), -OH (hydroxyl), C=O (ketone) and C=C (aromatic). Based on the toxicity test, the Tristaniopsis merguensis leaf acetone extract has an LC50 value of 959.25 ppm which means that the acetone extract is toxic. Therefore, the acetone extract of Tristaniopsis merguensis might be the potential agent of antidiabetic.Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes dan toksisitas dari ekstrak aseton daun Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes ditentukan berdasarkan metode inhibisi enzim α-glucosidase, sedangkan toksisitas ditentukan berdasarkan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Ekstrak aseton memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes dengan nilai IC50 8,83 ± 0,31 (μg/mL). Nilai ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan kontrol positif quersetin yang memiliki nilai IC50 6,04 ± 0,14 (μg/mL). Karakteristik spektrum FT-IR ekstrak aseton menunjukkan bahwa daun Tristaniopsis merguensis memiliki gugus fungsi Ar-OH (fenolik), -OH (hidroksil), C=O (keton) dan C=C (aromatik). Berdasarkan uji toksisitas, ekstrak aseton daun Tristaniopsis merguensis memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 959,25 ppm yang berarti bahwa ekstrak aseton bersifat toksik. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak aseton dari Tristaniopsis merguensis berpotensi untuk dijadikan agen antidiabetes.

scholarly journals SKRINING FITOKIMIA, UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, DAN TOKSISITAS DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) DENGAN METODE 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Selin Widjaya ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi ◽  
Adithya Yudistira
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACTKersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that has begun to be eliminated and was rarely used because it is often considered to have no economic value and lack of knowledge about its utilization, whereas kersen plants contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins which were have high benefit for health. The content of metabolites is affected by soil nutrient elements and difference place of growth. This study aims to determine the potential of kersen leaves grown in North Minahasa based on phytochemical content, ability of antioxidant activity, and toxicity. Kersen leaves were extracted using sequential maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. Phytochemical Screening using several reagents which tailored to the type of phytochemical test. 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method is used to evaluate antioxidant activity, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method is used to evaluate toxicity. The result of this study indicate that the n-hexane extract contains phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, with IC50 value 12.54 μg/mL, and LC50 value 881 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate extract contains phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, with IC50 value 61.3 μg/mL, and LC50 value 1758 μg/mL. Ethanol extract has phenol, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and terpenoid content, with IC50 value 9.01 μg/mL, and LC50 value 106 μg/mL. Keywords : Kersen leaves, Antioxidant, Toxicity, IC50, LC50 ABSTRAKKersen (Muntingia calabura L.) merupakan tanaman yang sudah mulai tersingkirkan dan jarang dimanfaatkan karena sering dianggap tidak punya nilai ekonomis dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pemanfaatannya, padahal tanaman kersen memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang bermanfaat tinggi untuk kesehatan. Kandungan senyawa metabolit dipengaruhi oleh unsur hara tanah dan perbedaan tempat tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari daun kersen yang tumbuh di Minahasa Utara berdasarkan kandungan fitokimia, kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan, dan toksisitasnya. Ekstrak daun kersen diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi sekuensial menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol.  Skrining fitokimia menggunakan beberapa reagen yang disesuaikan dengan jenis uji fitokimia. Metode 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan, dan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi toksisitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, dan tanin, nilai IC50 12,54 μg/mL, dan nilai LC50 881 μg/mL. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin, nilai IC50 61,3 μg/mL, dan nilai LC50 1758 μg/mL. Ekstrak etanol memiliki kandungan fenol, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid, nilai IC50 9,01 μg/mL, dan nilai LC50 106 μg/mL. Kata kunci : Daun Kersen, Antioksidan, Toksisitas, IC50, LC50

Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Stefani Dhale Rale ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Syamsul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

In-vitro and in vivo studies of traditionally prepared Zingiber officinale juice for Antimitotic and Lethality activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 4652-4656
Author(s):  
Nadar Sowmya ◽  
Chouhan Raghavendra Singh ◽  
Kosha Patel ◽  
Harshil Patel ◽  
Tanvi Dodiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Traditionally Prepared

According to the literature survey most of the studies done on Adarak (Zingiber officinale rhizome) were performed on alcoholic extracts or isolated entities of ginger but no profound work has been done on the traditionally prepared or commonly consumed way of ginger. So, in this current study, fresh ginger rhizomes were traditionally pounded to make Adarak juice. The different concentration (0.05%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) were taken as sample to perform onion root tip inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It showed antimitotic inhibition in the range of 0.05-10% concentration with an IC50 value of 0.37 % on number of rootlets was 0.08 % on length of rootlets. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice showed cytotoxicity in the range of 0.05-2.5% concentration with LC50 value of 1.59%. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice possesses cytotoxic and antimitotic activity.

scholarly journals GC-MS analysis, antibacterial, antioxidant study and brine shrimp lethality analysis of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Shova D.C. ◽  
Binita Maharjan ◽  
Timila Shrestha ◽  
Samjhana Bharati ◽  
Ram Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fruit Part

Fruit part of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague was subjected to extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus. So collected essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS for its composition and exhibited the presence of 10 different compounds. The most abundant were γ-terpinene (53.81%) and thymol (29.40%). Antibacterial activity was performed against six bacterial species and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloaceae and Bacillus subtilis were the most susceptible to the essential oil showing zone of inhibition (ZOI) 1.4, 1.5 and 1.4 cm respectively. The IC50 value of the oil against DPPH was found to be 0.94 mg/mL. The LC50 value of essential oil of T. ammi against brine shrimp was found 26.2 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Studies on Antibacterial Activity and Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Leaf Extract of Cassia grandis

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Awal ◽  
Syed Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
E Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Bioassay Test

Antibacterial activity and toxicity of ethanol extract of Cassia grandis leaves to Brine Shrimp was evaluated. Five Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative bacteria, namely Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus ß-haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae were tested using disc diffusion method. The extract was inactive at the concentration of 30 μg/disc but exhibited moderate to good activity at concentration of 200 μg/disc against the tested bacteria. In Brine Bhrimp lethality bioassay test, it was observed that LC50 value of the extract was 10.68 μg/ml. From these findings, it is indicative that C. grandis may be useful against microbial diseases. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Brine shrimp, Cassia grandis   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2966 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 17-19

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-methyl-1Hbenzimidazole and 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-methanol

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Kumar Poddar ◽  
Nazmus Saqueeb ◽  
SM Abdur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Vincristine Sulphate ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

Two benzimidazole derivatives namely 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (1) and 1H-benzimidazol-2- ylmethanol (2) were synthesized in high yields by condensing O-phenylenediamine with two different carboxylic acid derivatives: glacial acetic acid and glycolic acid, following a different synthetic protocol. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Among the two benzimidazole derivatives synthesized, 2-methyl-1Hbenzimidazole (1) showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 144.84?g/ml whereas 1H-benzimidazol- 2-ylmethanol (2) displayed mild antioxidant activity (IC50 value 400.42 ?g/ml). Compound 1 also exhibited prominent cytotoxic activities with the LC50 value of 0.42 ?g/ml when compared to the standard vincristine sulphate (LC50 value of 0.544 ?g/ ml). It also demonstrated weak antimicrobial activity having 7-8 mm of zone of inhibition.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(1): 83-87, 2016 (June)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant, Analgesic and Cytotoxic Activities of Typha angustata L. Root

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahrima Islam ◽  
Amir Hossain ◽  
Md Golam Hossain ◽  
Gazi Md Monjur Murshid ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Typha Angustata

Ethanolic extract of the root of Typha angustata was evaluated for antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activities. T. angustata extract exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 124.96 ± 0.93 ?g/ml. The total phenolic and tannin content were found to be 596.73 ± 1 mg GAE/100 g and 319.68 ± 64 mg GAE/100 g of dried plant material, respectively. Analgesic activity was determined using acetic acid induced writhing inhibition in mice model. The root extract, at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, showed inhibition of writhing reflex by 33.55% (p < 0.01) and 56.78% (p<0.001), respectively. Cytotoxicity of the extract was measured by brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii was found to be 41.54?g/ml.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 55-59, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FITOKIMIA, UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN METODE 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), DAN TOKSISITAS DENGAN METODE Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL TANGKAI BUAH PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria Giseke)

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Glorya Karundeng ◽  
Herny E. I. Simbala ◽  
Imam Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Plant Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The People ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke) which is a kind of wild palm, is a multi-functional plant. The people of North Sulawesi empirically use this plant to cure various diseases. In a previous study that said leaves, seeds and even the seed skin of areca nut have very high antioxidant content. Because of the large amount of antioxidants contained in Pinang Yaki plants, the study wanted to examine the compound content of the stalks of this plant. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content, ability of antioxidant activity, and plant toxicity, so that later it can be used as medicine. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of areca fruit stalk has flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids which have the potential as antioxidants and have a strong Inhibition Concetration 50 (IC50) value, ie, 16.52 μg / mL based on the 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method (DPPH), and the level of toxicity, namely the value of Lethality Concetration 50 (LC50) of 602 μg / mL which was carried out by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Keywords: Areca vestiaria Giseke, Antioxidants, Toxicity, DPPH, BSLT ABSTRAK Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke) yang merupakan sejenis palem liar, merupakan tanaman yang multi fungsi. Masyarakat Sulawesi Utara secara empiris menggunakan tanaman ini untuk menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit. Pada penelitian yang sebelumnya mengatakan bahwa daun, biji bahkan kulit biji dari Pinang Yaki mempunyai kandungan antioksidan yang sangat tinggi. Oleh karena banyaknya kandungan antioksidan yang terkandung dalam tanaman Pinang Yaki maka peneliti ingin meneliti kandungan senyawa dari tangkai buah tanaman ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia, kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan, dan toksisitas tanaman, agar nantinya bisa digunakan sebagai obat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol tangkai buah Pinang Yaki memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan memiliki nilai Inhibisi Concetration 50 (IC50) yang sangat kuat yakni, 16.52 μg/mL berdasarkan pengujian dengan metode 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), dan  kadar toksisitas yakni nilai Lethality Concetration 50 (LC50) sebesar 602 μg/mL yang dilakukan dengan metode pengujian Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Kata kunci: Pinang Yaki, Antioksidan, Toksisitas, DPPH, BSLT

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