scholarly journals Health Protocol in Penataran Train during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 004 (02) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Nur Firmansyah ◽  
Achmad Wicaksono ◽  
M Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Service Standards

Penataran train decreased the number of passengers by 77.13% in April 2020, which resulted in a reduction in travel frequency and change origin-destination during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the Penataran train passengers and obtain policy recommendations about service standards and travel requirements based on respondents' choices using descriptive statistics. Questionnaires were distributed to 417 Penataran train passengers during new adaptation period. This study indicates that the frequency of trips during the new adaptation period is lower than before the pandemic. Only 10.55% of respondents give the reason that the risk of transmitting COVID-19 on the Penataran train is lower than other transportation. The maximum seating capacity is reduced to 50% according to respondent's perceptions. Wearing a mask, keep a distance, and wearing long-sleeved clothing can still be carried out because they are considered necessary as requirements for passenger travel. The GeNose C19 test letter is not recommended to be used as a document requirement because most respondents with low income do not want additional costs

scholarly journals RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN ANALGESIK DALAM SWAMEDIKASI NYERI DI KOTA DENPASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Lydya ◽  
Ni Putu Aryati Suryaningsih ◽  
Ni made Umi Kartika Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Practice ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analgesic Use

Latar Belakang: Nyeri merupakan keluhan terbanyak yang mendorong masyarakat untuk melakukan praktek swamedikasi. Analgesik efektif dan memiliki indeks terapi yang luas, namun dapat berpotensi untuk menimbulkan efek samping yang serius bahkan ketika digunakan dalam dosis yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran terkait rasionalitas penggunaan analgesik dalam swamedikasi nyeri di Kota Denpasar. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dan melibatkan 196 responden yang dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada enam apotek di wilayah Kota Denpasar dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa 50,5% responden menggunakan analgesik secara tidak rasional dalam praktek swamedikasi nyeri. Mayoritas responden yang menggunakan analgesik dalam swamedikasi nyeri adalah perempuan, usia 17-25 tahun, tingkat pendidikan tinggi, bekerja dan memiliki tingkat pendapatan yang rendah. Kesimpulan: Setengah dari total responden menggunakan analgesik secara tidak rasional dalam praktek swamedikasi nyeri. Tingginya ketidakrasionalan penggunaan analgesik dapat menyebabkan peningkatkan biaya pengobatan dan dapat menimbulkan kondisi yang berbahaya. Kata kunci: Penggunaan analgesik, rasionalitas, swamedikasi AbstractBackground: Pain is the most complaints of illness that encourage communities to use analgesics in self-medication practice. Analgesics are effective and have a broad therapeutic index, but may have potentially serious side effects even when they used in the right dosage. This study aimed to determine the rationality of analgesic use in pain self-medication in Denpasar City. Method: A cross-sectional design was used, and involved 196 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected from questionnaire distribution in six pharmacies in Denpasar City and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Result: This study found that 50,5% respondents used analgesics irrationally in pain self-medication practice. The majority of respondents who used analgesics in pain self-medication were females, aged 17-25 years old, high education level, employed, and had low income. Conclusion: Half of the total respondents used analgesics irrationally in pain self-medication practice. High of irrational analgesic use can increase medical costs and lead to dangerous conditions. Keywords:  Analgesic use, pain, rationality, self-medication

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing Food Nutritional Labels Use in Nanjing, China

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Liangliang Zhai ◽  
Maurice Osewe ◽  
Aijun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Nutrition Label ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Food Nutrition ◽  
Label Use

A correct use of food nutrition la bels benefits consumers in pursuing balanced diets. As a result, we conducted interviews in Nanjing, China and randomly sampled 427 respondents. Further, we used both descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to assess their perception of food nutrition label use. The results indicated that the current situation is not ideal in Nanjing. Only 7.26% of respondents use labeling consistently. Data on purchasing experience, comprehension, nutritional value, work sector, chronic disease, diet awareness, nutritional knowledge, and age were statistically significant. Conversely, taste and primary shopper categories negatively influenced food nutrition label use. In light of the above results, we propose policy recommendations to promote consumers’ use of food nutrition labels. These are also beneficial in improving diet and relieving chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Proximal Redevelopment of Brownfield and Derelict Sites Near Institutions of Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Berkley N. King Jr. ◽  
Carol J. Johnson ◽  
Sherry Herron ◽  
Leroy Hamilton Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Brownfield Sites ◽  
High Crime

It is critical to educate higher education faculty about the importance of redeveloping brownfields into usable spaces for campus expansion. While there are many studies on the success of brownfield redevelopment, research is limited on how professors’ perceptions on brownfield redevelopment can help their institutions to impact community initiatives and promote collaborative, environmental efforts. Hence, a need to design methods to collect, record and analyze professors’ perceptions became fundamental in capturing the voices of participants and ensuring the accuracy of their responses. The first set of analysis methods included categorizations, descriptions and interpretations of qualitative data. The secondary method of analysis utilized descriptive statistics to measure the most important indicators that influence professors’ perceptions to redevelop brownfield sites near their campus communities. Pseudonyms are used for the three universities across Jefferson County in the State of Alabama which provided access to their professors. Findings from the study showed that professors from two universities were knowledgeable and aware of the sociological and economic challenges in low income communities where brownfields are geographically located. Findings also indicated that Eta-One University was a recipient of an EPA Region 4 grant that focused on educating low income communities associated with the presence of brownfield sites in their area. Alpha-One University was eager to establish a special partnership initiative. Although Gamma-One University was located in a high crime and low-income community with potential brownfield sites, the faculty showed no interest in participating in the study. Therefore, challenges and factors that Gamma-One University faced were undetermined.

scholarly journals Innovative Partnerships to Address Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Brighter Bites Produce Voucher Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9175
Author(s):  
Amier Haidar ◽  
Christine Markham ◽  
Allison Marshall ◽  
Ru-Jye Chuang ◽  
Meredith Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Participant Satisfaction ◽  
Voucher Program ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Program Participant ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The One ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this communication is to describe the Brighter Bites produce voucher program, and its implementation and utilization across Brighter Bites families in four cities in the U.S., during the COVID-19 pandemic. The voucher program was implemented over nine weeks starting April 2020, with up to four USD 25 store-specific produce coupons sent bi-weekly to the homes of each participating Brighter Bites family (USD 100 total/family). Measures included type of produce purchased, amount of voucher that was used, number of vouchers distributed and redeemed by families, and a post-program participant satisfaction survey. Descriptive statistics, including count, frequency, and percent, were computed, both overall and stratified by city. During this time, Brighter Bites distributed a total of over 43,982 vouchers to 12,482 low-income families, with a redemption rate of 60% (at least one voucher redeemed) across all cities. During times of crisis, non-profit–for-profit partnerships, such as the one between Brighter Bites and the grocery retail industry, are feasible, and successful in providing produce to families in need.

Leapfrogging through Smart Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-280
Author(s):  
Padmashree Gehl Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Policy Recommendations

Can shifting pathways from manufacturing to ‘smart’ manufacturing become a successful leapfrogging strategy? Can low-income countries use the new features of smart manufacturing activities to reboot their industrialization processes with smaller, but more targeted investments in high-technology manufacturing niches that have potential for expansion? If so, what is the role of industrial hubs in this context? These are the main questions that this chapter seeks to address, with a particular focus on Africa. The chapter argues that the changed nature of innovation—both the incrementality and modularity—lends itself to a leapfrogging paradigm, and a holistic framework can help countries embark on this important transition. The chapter considers the example of Germany, where the Industry 4.0 framework has focused on empowering small and medium-sized enterprises, and proposes a new, more calibrated vision of industrial hubs to support smart manufacturing, with policy recommendations.

Perceptions and Practices Related to Consumption of ‘Energy Drinks'

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Aiswarya Ravichandran ◽  
Sudershan R. Vemula ◽  
Vishnu Vardhana Rao Mendu ◽  
Archana Konapur ◽  
SubbaRao M. Gavaravarapu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Chi Square Test

Energy drinks are becoming increasingly popular in India. There is a need to understand the extent of consumption and perceptions among consumers. There are no studies in India in this direction. This study aimed to assess the perceptions and practices related to consumption of energy drinks among consumers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (n=132) and employed persons (n=48) of 13–40 yrs age, who were purposively selected using snowballing technique. Only those who have ever consumed energy drinks were included as subjects. Those consuming at least twice a month were categorized as frequent consumers. A pretested and pre-coded questionnaire with open-ended (5) and closed-ended questions (26) was administered in interview mode. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for analysis. Frequent consumers were more among students (47%) than in working group (14.6%). Significantly (p<0.05) higher number of participants from high socio-economic groups (71%) reported higher consumption of energy drinks than their middle and low-income counterparts. A majority (53.3%) were introduced to energy drinks by their peers. Participants mostly consumed energy drinks when hanging-out with friends (56.1%), during parties (43.3%), when they feel tired (36.1%) and during performance (28.8%). Consumers were using energy drinks for taste (64.4%), flavour (60.6%), and to feel energetic (57.2%). Frequent consumers (53.3%) assume that energy drinks give extra energy. Considering that there are hardly any studies in India in this direction, the study provides information that even frequent consumers of energy drinks were unaware that energy drinks are caffeinated beverages and their knowledge about health benefits/effects was varied and scanty. Most of them perceive that energy drinks provide ‘extra energy’ and are ‘beneficial’ to health. This myth should be dispelled.

scholarly journals Charging to enter the water shop? The costs of urban water connections for the poor

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.A. Franceys
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The cost of new water connections for poor urban dwellers in middle and low-income economies, that is the official fees, costs of pipework and additional costs, is reported from a global survey of water utilities and a four country, two city questionnaire of newly connected households. The objective is to investigate whether directly ‘charging to enter the water shop’ is the most effective means of recovering costs for the water utility whilst ensuring maximum access to the urban poor who benefit most from convenient access to clean, affordable water.

Digital Divide and its Socio-Psychological Implications on Rural Dwellers in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Afolayan Oluyinka Titilope
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Telecommunication Infrastructure ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Unprecedented growth in the use of ICTs has contributed to digital divide in Nigeria. Despite global efforts in bridging the digital divide in developed and developing nations, digital equality is yet to be achieved in nations. Government's effort in bridging the digital divide in Nigeria has become a daunting task due to several barriers hindering the use of ICTs by the rural dwellers such as low income, low deployment of telecommunication infrastructure, lack of skills, access, language and cultural challenges among others. In view of this, the aim of this paper is to unravel the socio-psychological consequences of the digital divide on rural dwellers in Nigeria. This paper further discussed dimensions and perspectives to digital divide, causes of digital divide, global efforts in bridging the digital divide, barriers militating against digital divide, and social psychological consequences of the digital divide on rural dwellers. Policy recommendations were made towards addressing the socio-psychological implications of digital divide on rural dwellers in Nigeria.

Additional costs of lactose-reduced diets Lactose-free dairy product substitutes are a cost-effective alternative for people with lactose intolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Mareike Taeger ◽  
Silke Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Abstract Objective People with lactose intolerance have to limit their consumption of lactose-containing dairy products which are a main source of calcium. In particular for low income people it is of interest which alternative diet form rich in calcium leads to the lowest additional costs. This study aims to calculate the additional costs of lactose-reduced diets and to show which of different options represent the most cost-effective alternative within a lactose-reduced diet. Design Using Linear Programming food baskets with different lactose contents were calculated and were compared to a basic-model, reflecting a normal diet without a limitation of lactose. By comparing the costs and the composition of the food baskets, recommendations for a lactose-reduced diet were derived. Setting Germany Participants A consumer panel dataset representative for Germany is used for the calculations. Information on prices and nutrients are derived from the 9,429 adult households without children, information on consumed food quantities from the 3,046 single households. Results The minimum additional food costs depend on the severity of lactose intolerance and range from 0.2 % to 6.1 % per month. It was found that the greatest adjustments due to lactose reduction could be observed within the dairy product group. In this group, with a rising lactose limit, normal milk was increasingly replaced by lactose-free milk. Conclusion It was shown that a lactose-reduced diet is generally associated with higher food costs. When suffering from lactose intolerance switching to lactose-free milk seems to be the most cost-effective way to cover nutrient requirements.

Conclusion: The Frontiers of PB

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Brian Wampler ◽  
Stephanie McNulty ◽  
Michael Touchton
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Industrialized Democracies ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Institutional Contexts

This chapter summarizes the main findings about PB’s adoption, adaptation, and impact. It raises questions about PB’s future and the limited evidence that continues to hamper researchers and policymakers’ ability to make key policy recommendations. PB is now used in settings as diverse as large cities in wealthy industrialized democracies, rural, low-income villages in countries governed by semi-authoritarian regimes, municipalities of middle-income countries in the Global South, and a variety of contexts in authoritarian countries. This diversity of program types and institutional contexts showcases the allure of PB around the world. Yet, it also highlights the challenges facing policymakers as they consider creating their own programs. The chapter ends with a conceptual discussion to guide policymakers as they adopt or support PB in the future.

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