Health and Nutritional Status of Certain Lactating Mothers of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Diet is the vital part to survive, and balanced diet is the key to better and healthy living. Our daily needs of the body depend upon food to intake for better and proper functioning of vital organs and all organs. These include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The amount required for living is much lowers then required for the nourishing an offspring. Lactation is an astonishing procedure in which the mother's body makes a secretion that has no immediate advantage to them but may completely support the baby. It was descriptive hospital-based study conducted among lactating mothers visiting Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan. Sample size comprised of 200 lactating mothers. The Chi-square statistical test was used to analyze the difference between the groups by SPSS of latest version. The results revealed that groups of Body mass index (BMI), age groups, breast feeding status, working status, health status, family income, family member, mode of delivery, infant age status, parity, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and carbohydrate intake had statistically significant differences while the educational status had no significant differences. In this study dietary intake pattern of lactating mother was normal because mostly mothers were educated, they have good knowledge of balanced diet

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Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/s0103-05822013000400004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽

Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽

Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽

Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽

Thatiana Maia Tolentino

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Task Force ◽

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

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PERBEDAAN SUHU TUBUH BAYI BARU LAHIR ANTARA BAYI YANG BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DAN BAYI YANG TIDAK BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI

J-HESTECH (Journal Of Health Educational Science And Technology) ◽

10.25139/htc.v2i2.2120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Aprilia Aprisanti Reyani

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

The Body ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Latar Belakang :Kehangatan dada ibu dapat menghangatkan bayi, sehingga apabila bayi diletakan di dada ibunya segera setelah melahirkan atau dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, dapat menurunkan resiko hipotermia dan menurunkan kematian bayi baru lahir akibat kedinginan atau hipotermia. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Metode :Analitik,desain cross sectional,populasi semua bayi baru lahir, sampel bayi barulahir, teknik Non Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Lembar Observasi dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikan α = 0.05 yaitu bila hasil uji statistik menunjukan p ≤ α maka H0 ditolak. Hasil :Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhtidakhipotermisebanyak 20 bayi (87%) Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhhipotermisebanyak 8 bayi (66,7%). Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh hasil nilai p = 0,005 < α = 0.05 maka H1 diterima, artinya ada Perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Kesimpulan :Terdapat perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD. Kata kunci : Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Suhu Tubuh Bayi Baru Lahir THE DIFFERENCE BODY TEMPERATURE BETWEEN BABIES WHO SUCCESSFULLY INITIATE BREASTFEEDING EARLY AND BABIESWHO FAIL TO INITIATE EARLY BREASTFEEDING AT RSIA KIRANA SIDOARJO 2019 Background : The warmth of the mother’s chest can warm the baby, so that when the baby is in the mother’s breast immediately after birth or initiated early breastfeeding can reduce the mortality rate of newborns due to hypotermia.Purpose :the purpose of this study was to determine the difference in body temperature of newborns between infants who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and infants who did not succeed in initiating early breastfeedingMethods : analytical, cross sectional design, population 40 newborns, samples 35 newborns, Non Random Sampling techniques, the data accumulation using observation sheets and using chi-square test, with significant value α = 0.05 is when the statistical test results show p ≤ α then Ho is rejected.Result : The body temperature of the newborn who succeeded in initiating early breastfeeding was 36.78ºC with 23 (65.7%) of infants none having hypothermia, the newborn baby's body temperature that did not succeed in doing this early breastfeeding was 35.78ºC With 8 infants experiencing hypothermia, while 4 babies with normal temperature. From the results of statistical tests obtained results with the value p = 0,000 <α = 0.05 then H1 accepted, meaning there is a difference in body temperature of a newborn who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and who did not succeed in Early Breastfeeding Initiation. Conclusion : There is a difference in the body temperature of a newborn between infants who successfully initiated breastfeeding and infants who are not successful in initiating early breastfeeding....Keywords : Early breastfeedinginitiation, newborns temperature

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A Retrospective study on the dynamics of the clinical and Demographical evolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Yazd province, Iran

Chinese Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.37515/cjmr.091x.3305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

Ali Fattahi Bafghi ◽

◽

Elham Rezaee ◽

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Epidemiological Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past

Leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem in the world. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is epidemic in all of places of Iran, this disease begins as small swells and then they gradually grow and turn into wounds. Since the epidemiological study of this problem is effective in preventing and controlling it. The current research was conducted to study the epidemiological study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Yazd province during the past 5(2014-2018) years. This cross-sectional study has been conducted on registered information and documents of the patients having problem in Yazd province remedial and health care centers over the past 5 years. First, the registered demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were extracted and then they were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software with chi-square test and descriptive statistics.897 patients included 457 males (51.06%) and 439 females (48.94%). The majority of the patients were between nine 20-29 years old and the minority of them were over the range of 5-9 years old. Most lesions were on the hand and leg of the patients. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between age groups and types of Leishmaniasis (P<0.05) as well as gender and type Leishmaniasis (P<0.05). According to our study, there has been an ascending trend in disease frequency in Yazd province from 2014 to 2018. This increase in diseases due to lack of health and educational status of the people-is also a lack of personal hygiene.

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Comparision of histologic distribution of RCC in young and older patients: Results from the SEER database.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.419 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 419-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael R. Daugherty ◽

Stephen Blakely ◽

Oleg Shapiro ◽

Gennady Bratslavsky

Keyword(s):

Renal Cell ◽

Clear Cell ◽

Collecting Duct ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Chi Square ◽

Younger Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Chi Square Analysis

419 Background: Renal cell cancer (RCC) incidence is relatively low in younger patients, encompassing 3-5% of all RCC tumors. These tumors tend to be due to hereditary syndromes and genetic mutations that predispose to cancer development. Patients with hereditary renal cancer (HRC) are at a higher risk of multiple tumors and bilateral disease. We hypothesize that there is a difference in histologic distribution in the younger patients and that the younger distribution contains more aggressive histologic subtypes. Methods: SEER 18-registries database was queried for all patients ≥20 years old that were surgically treated for renal cell carcinoma between the years 2001 and 2008. Patients with unknown race, grade, stage, or histology were excluded from the study. Histologies selected were clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, sarcomatoid, and collecting duct. Three cohorts were created with the ages 20-44, 45-64, and ≥65 year olds that contained 3,926, 19,661, and 16,323 patients respectively. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the histologic distributions between the cohorts. Results: There was no difference in the incidence of clear cell RCC between the three cohorts (p = 0.63). The histology distribution was not different in the 45-64 year olds compared to those ≥65 (p = 0.47). The non-clear cell histologies were different between the 3 age groups (p < 0.001). There were a larger percentage of patients in the younger patients that had chromophobe tumors compared to all non-clear cell histologies (p< 0.001). Conclusions: The difference in the non-clear cell histologic distribution between the groups is most likely due to genetic mutations predisposing these patients to chromophobe RCC. There has been limited data on HRCs, due in large part to its low incidence. Although the HRCs are known to have a most common histology, it is likely that this information is incomplete, as younger patients have undiagnosed genetic mutations that led to development of chromophobe tumors. [Table: see text]

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Risk Factors of Diarrhoea among Children Under Five Years in Southwest Nigeria

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/8868543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Harriet U. Ugboko ◽

Obinna C. Nwinyi ◽

Solomon U. Oranusi ◽

Fasina F. Fagbeminiyi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family Income ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Educational Status ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

The Right

Diarrhoea is the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day or more frequent passage than is normal for an individual. Diarrhoea alters the microbiome, thus the immune system, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. This study evaluated the association between the risk factors and diarrhoea prevalence among children under five years in Lagos and Ogun States, located in Southwest Nigeria. Participants included 280 women aged 15–49 years and children aged 0–59 months. The study used quantitative data, which were assessed by a structured questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software Version 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The relationships and/or association between variables were evaluated using Pearson's Chi Square and logistic regression tests. One hundred and eighteen (42%) of the children were male, and 162 (58%) were female. The majority of the children belonged to the age group 0–11 months (166). Age ( p = 0.113 ) and gender ( p = 0.366 ) showed no significant association with diarrhoea among the children. The majority of the mothers belonged to the age group 30–34. Multivariate analysis showed that the mother's level of education (95% CI for OR = 11.45; P = 0.0001 ) and family income (95% CI for OR = 7.61, P = 0.0001 ) were the most significant risk factors for diarrhoea among children. Mother’s educational status, mother's employment, and family income were the factors significantly associated with diarrhoea in Southwest Nigeria. The study recommends that female education should be encouraged by the right government policy to enhance the achievement of the sustainable development goal three (SDG 3) for the possible reduction of neonates and infants' deaths in Nigeria.

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Anisometropia in the 5th and 6th school years

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa040.060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

A F Nunes ◽

A S Nunes ◽

P Monteiro ◽

C R Martins ◽

H Forte

Keyword(s):

Binocular Vision ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Basic Education ◽

Age Groups ◽

Separate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Screening Programs ◽

The Difference ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction Anisometropia is characterized by a refractive inter ocular difference greater than 1.00 dioptre (D). It is the main cause of amblyopia and loss of binocular vision. Its prevalence depends on several factors, being different values in different geographical areas of the world and in different age groups. Objectives To estimate the frequency of anisometropia in children of the 2nd cycle of Basic Education. Methodology A total of 519 children attending the 5th and 6th school years, from Covilhã schools, from urban and rural areas, aged between 9 and 14 years (10.8 ± 0.8 years) were enrolled in the study. The refractive error was measured with a paediatric auto refractometer (Plusoptix), without cycloplegic and in binocular conditions. Anisometropia was defined as the inter ocular difference in spherical equivalent or cylindrical, greater than 1.00 D and a separate analysis for values greater than 2.00 D. Results The sample was symmetrically divided into genders (50.9% Male), between school grade (53% 5th year) and higher in urban areas (70.1%). The prevalence of anisometropia with cut-off points of 1.00 D and 2.00 D was 12.3% and 5.0%, respectively. There was a higher prevalence among males, in rural areas and in 6th grade. The Chi-square test (□2) shows that the difference is statistically significant only between years of schooling, with a higher prevalence in the 6th grade (p = 0.001). Conclusion There was a slightly higher prevalence of spherical and cylindrical anisometropia (5% and 12.3%) than is reported in the literature (rates between 4.4% and 9.4%). The 6th school year presented rates significantly higher than the 5th year, which points out that anisometropia increases with age, as was also advocated by other authors. Visual screening programs in adolescence for the detection of anisometropia are fundamental, since their timely correction allows to safeguard the binocular vision.

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Bacteriological Profile of ESBL Producing Bacteria With Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v10i1.41475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Mst Monira Khatun ◽

Md Mofazzal Sharif ◽

AKM Enamul Haque ◽

Saiful Arifin ◽

Khondoker Mohammad Ali

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Family Income ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Age Groups ◽

Educational Status ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Background: Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) can cause infections, such as kidney infections, wound infections or in severe cases, blood infection. If a patient is prone to infection and the infection is caused by ESBLs, it can be more difficult to treat, because many of the commonly used antibiotics will not work against ESBLs. Materials and Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate samples submitted for culture and sensitivity at Clinical Laboratory of North Bengal Medical College Hospital, Sirajganj the general objective identify the causative organisms and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Results: Majority of subjects (37.5%) were from 46-60 years age group. ESBL resistance was significantly related with age groups and educational status. Resistance was not related with gender distribution, occupation, family size and yearly family income. Detection rate of ESBL production among Pseudomonas spp were (91.67 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (83.33 %), Proteus spp. (69.49%), Esch. Coli (64.42 %) and others (82.35 %). Aztreonam, Ampicillin, Amoxyclave and Piperacillin were more resistant antibiotics against ESBL producing organisms. Conclusion: ESBL antibiotic resistance pattern should be determined in chronic Gram negative infection for effective treatment. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-1, April 2019, Page 7-12

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High HIV Positivity Rates Following Large-Scale HIV Self-Testing Implementation in Zimbabwe, 2018–2020

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.606376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Auxilia Muchedzi ◽

Mulamuli Mpofu ◽

Fungai H. Mudzengerere ◽

Moses Bateganya ◽

Tarirai Mavimba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Scale Up ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Chi Square ◽

Innovative Strategy ◽

Mobile Testing ◽

Self Testing ◽

The Difference

Introduction: HIV self-testing (HIV-ST) is an innovative strategy to increase HIV case identification. This analysis shares the outcomes of HIV-ST implementation within the Zimbabwe HIV Care and Treatment (ZHCT) project for the period October 2018–March, 2020.Materials and Methods: We extracted HIV-ST data for the period October 2018 to March 2020 from the project database and assessed (1) the proportion of reactive HIV-ST results; (2) the concordance between reactive HIV-ST results against rapid confirmatory HIV tests using Determine™ and Chembio™ in parallel; and (3) the monthly contribution of HIV-ST to total HIV positive individuals identified within project. The Chi-square test was used to assess for statistical differences in HIV positivity between age groups, by sex and district; as well as the difference in HIV positivity between the HIV-ST and index and mobile testing strategies.Findings: Between October 2018 and March 2020, the ZHCT project distributed 11,983 HIV-ST kits; 11,924 (99.8%) were used and 2,616 (21.9%) were reactive. Of the reactive tests, 2,610 (99.8%) were confirmed HIV positive giving a final positivity rate of 21.9%, and a concordance rate of 99.8% between the HIV-ST results and the confirmatory tests. Proportion of reactive results differed by age-groups (p < 0.001); with the 35–49 years having the highest positivity rate of 25.5%. The contribution of HIV-ST to total new positives increased from 10% in October 2018 to 80% at the end of March 2020 (p < 0.001). Positivity rates from HIV-ST were significantly different by age-groups, sex and district (p = 0.04). Additionally, index and mobile testing had a higher positivity rate compared to HIV-ST (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The ZHCT project has successfully scaled up HIV self-testing which contributed significantly to HIV case finding. Countries should consider using the lessons to scale-up the intervention which will contribute in reaching under-served and undiagnosed populations.

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FENOMENA BODY DISSATISFACTION PADA PEREMPUAN ANGGOTA FITNESS CENTRE

Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan ◽

10.26740/jptt.v4n1.p12-23 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Happy Yuanita ◽

Monique Elizabeth Sukamto

Keyword(s):

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Shape ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

The Body ◽

Negative Evaluation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Weight One ◽

The Difference ◽

Physical Changes ◽

The Ideal

Body dissatisfaction is a negative evaluation of the body that occurs due to the difference between the real body size and shape and the ideal one. Many women are dissatisfied with their body shape, which can be caused by the physical changes in each developmental stages and the prevailing beauty standard. One criteria of a beautiful woman is slim body. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most common standard to evaluate one’s body weight. One effort many women do to achieve the ideal body shape and weight is to exercise in fitness centre. This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in body dissatisfaction among women who were members of fitness centre in terms of the developmental stages and level of obesity. Subjects were 150 women who became a member of fitness centre "X". Researchers used Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to measure the level of body dissatisfaction. The results of this study showed that there was a difference of body dissatisfaction among women who were members of fitness centre “X” in terms of developmental stages (chi square= 34.799, sig.= .000 (< .05)) and level of obesity (chi square= 32.134, sig.= .000 (< .05)). Highest level of body dissatisfaction was experienced by adolescent subjects, whereas the lowest one by middle adulthood subjects. Moreover, it was also found that subjects with obesity I and overweight experienced the highest level of body dissatisfaction.Abstrak: Body dissatisfaction adalah evaluasi negatif terhadap tubuh yang terjadi karena adanya perbedaan antara ukuran dan bentuk tubuh yang dimiliki saat ini dengan ukuran dan bentuk tubuh yang ideal. Banyak perempuan yang merasa tidak puas terhadap bentuk tubuh yang mereka miliki yang dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan fisik pada setiap tahap perkembangan dan standar kecantikan yang berlaku. Salah satu kriteria dari perempuan yang dianggap cantik adalah perempuan yang langsing. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan standar yang paling umum untuk menilai berat badan seseorang. Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan banyak perempuan untuk mendapatkan bentuk tubuh dan berat badan yang ideal adalah berolahraga di fitness centre. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan body dissatisfaction pada perempuan anggota fitness centre ditinjau dari tingkat kegemukan dan tahapan perkembangan. Subjek penelitian adalah 150 perempuan yang menjadi anggota di pusat kebugaran ”X”. Peneliti menggunakan Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) untuk mengukur tingkat body dissatisfaction. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan body dissatisfaction pada perempuan anggota fitness centre ditinjau dari tahapan perkembangan (chi square= 34.799, sig.= .000 (< .05)) dan tingkat kegemukan (chi square= 32.134, sig.= .000 (< .05)). Body dissatisfaction tertinggi dialami oleh subjek penelitian remaja dan terendah oleh dewasa madya. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa body dissatisfaction tertinggi dialami oleh subjek dengan tingkat kegemukan obesitas I dan overweight.

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Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v15i1.19432 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 118-122

Author(s):

Vidya Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Medical Science ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

To Come ◽

Level Of Significance

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearsons Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122

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