IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY THROUGH THE USE OF SLAG MATERIAL AND SPENT CATALYST IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC BRICKS ON THE BASIS OF BEIDELLITE CLAY

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Vladimir Abdraкhimov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation

The efficiency of all industries should be assessed from the point of view of the balance between the weight of the main product and the volume of generated industrial waste, therefore, the aim of the present work is ─ to the receiving using the tonnage of waste fuel and energy complex of ash and slag material and waste chemistry, spent catalyst, one of the most material-intensive products of the national economy ─ a ce-ramic brick on the basis of beidellite clay. Fuel and energy complex is one of the main "pollutants" of the en-vironment. These are emissions into the atmosphere (48% of all emissions into the atmosphere), wastewater discharges (36% of all discharges), as well as the formation of solid waste (30% of all solid pollutants). The basic technical properties of ash and slag material used as autosites and burnable additive and spent cata-lyst, is used as aluminum-containing autosites to increase marochetti brick. Studies have shown that the spent catalyst IM-2201 Novokuibyshevsk petrochemical plant refers to nanotechnology raw materials. The effect of the introduction of nanoscale particles is fundamentally expressed in the fact that not only an additional in-terface appears in the system, but also a carrier of quantum mechanical manifestations. The presence of na-noscale particles in the system increases the volume of adsorption and chemisorption bound water and re-duces the volume of capillary-bound and free water, which leads to an increase in the plasticity of the ceram-ic mass and strength parameters. Ceramic brick with high physical and mechanical properties is obtained on the basis of beidellite clay with the use of ash-slag material and spent catalyst. Innovative proposals for the use of waste fuel and energy complex and petrochemical industry in the production of ceramic bricks, the novelty of which is confirmed by two Patents of the Russian Federation.

The Use of Carbonate Sludge in the Production of Porous Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
A.V. Kolpakov ◽  
E.S. Abdrakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Carbonate Sludge ◽  
The Russian Federation

The possibilities of obtaining porous fillers based on carbonate sludge and liquid-glass composition are considered. One of the issues of industrial waste disposal is the creation of waste-free technologies. The use of nanotechnology-based carbonate sludge in the production of porous aggregates increases environmental safety. A porous aggregate with high physical and mechanical properties was obtained. The use of carbonate sludge in the production of porous aggregate contributes to: a) recycling of industrial waste; b) environmental protection; C) expanding the raw material base for obtaining ceramic materials for construction. A patent of the Russian Federation was obtained for the obtained method of producing a porous aggregate using a liquid-glass composition.

scholarly journals Technological properties of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms and their influence on the choice of culinary processing methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Nina Myachikova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Technological Properties

Pleurotus Ostreatus mushrooms are used as raw materials for public catering establishments. Features of the technological properties of this mushrooms affect the composition of operations and their parameters during mechanical processing and the choice of methods and features of thermal processing. Taking into account the peculiarities of the growth of this mushrooms and their morphological structure, a scheme of mechanical processing is presented. The duration and weight loss were determined for various methods of heat treatment. It was found that the weight loss during heat treatment decreases with an increase in the dry matter content. There is an inverse relationship between the content of bound water and the loss of mass: with an increase in the proportion of bound water, the mass loss during heat treatment decreases. It means that the weight loss during heat treatment of mushrooms is due to the loss of free water. Therefore when assessing the quality of raw materials at the stage of incoming control, it is necessary to control the content of dry matter in mushrooms, and take this indicator into account when developing formulations and establishing technological parameters, namely, losses during heat treatment.

Nanotehnologija the use of Aluminium-containing Raw Materials in the Petrochemical Industry to Produce High -performance Brick

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
V. Z. Abdrakhimov ◽  
E. S. Abdrakhimova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
The Impact

The reduction in the reserves of traditional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. At the same time, the costs of exploration, construction and operation of quarries are excluded, and significant land plots are exempt from the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this direction and its application as a tool for protecting the natural environment from pollution. On the basis of inter-shale clay and high-alumina nanotehnologija raw materials petrochemical spent catalyst IM-2201 NovoKuibyshev petrochemical plant derived ceramic brick with high physical-mechanical properties without the use of traditional natural materials. Using nanotechnogenic petrochemicals - spent catalyst IM-2201, containing more than 70% A12O3, a ceramic brick was obtained that corresponds to the M200 brand. It is possible to build load-bearing walls of the lower floors of high-rise buildings (15 floors or more) from M200 ceramic bricks. Innovative proposals for the use of industrial waste: interslant clay and spent catalyst in the production of high-strength ceramic earthquake-resistant bricks with high strength and frost resistance have been developed. The absolute advantage of using multi-tonnage waste of the spent IM-2201 catalyst and inter-shale clay for the waste of oil shale is the unloading of the environmental situation.

scholarly journals The main ecological aspects of the complex processing of natural phosphate raw material

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Kochetkov S.P. ◽  
Bryl S.V.
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Decomposition

In the Russian Federation a unique phenomenon of nature as the reserves of phosphate raw materials and reserves of associated components are Apatite-nepheline ores of the Khibiny Deposit, located in the Central part of the Kola Peninsula. The main consumer of this raw material are the plants basic chemistry, processing of Apatite in a wet-process phosphoric acid sulfuric acid decomposition (the city of Cherepovets, Balakovo, the resurrection, etc.). This gives a dihydrate or hemihydrate wet-process phosphoric acid, and piecework output of dry phosphogypsum is 4 to 6 t per 1 t Apatite, depending on the ratio therein of CaO/P2O5 and the method of obtaining. The problem of disposing of chemical wastes are illustrated by various examples. Provides a conclusion on the feasibility of processing into fertilizer of phosphate raw materials, and scarce Apatite – to obtain construction materials. First developed a fundamentally new, environmentally friendly technology to produce phosphoric and complex fertilizers on the basis of wet mechanical activation of the phosphate. Methods have been pilot tested in the experimental shop at Moscow Production Association «Phosphate» (Voskresensk) using (0.3 t/h) and industry – to Estimate povorotniki (Aksai) (1.0 t/h) on the basis of vibrating mills. The implementation of methods obtained new types of fertilizers: granular and suspended mechanically activated phosphates and ammophosphate. It is concluded that from the point of view of environmental safety and economic feasibility of fertilizer phosphate should be recycled raw materials, and scarce Apatite should be directed to the production of construction materials oncooking phosphate with the simultaneous extraction and recovery of rare earth elements.

Analysis on Unfrozen Water Content of Mohe Permafrost Based on NMR Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Hao Lin Yu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuan Shun Ma ◽  
Xue Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Unfrozen Water ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
Unfrozen Water Content ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Function Relationship

Unfrozen water content has an important influence on the physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil. Little research has been done on unfrozen water content of permafrost in the Northeast Region, China, so the experimental investigation was performed on Mohe permafrost (4 kinds of samples were taken from 4 kinds of undisturbed frozen soil) based on NMR method, and the relationship and between frozen temperatures (-1°C, -4°C, -7°C, -11°C, -14°C, -16°C) and unfrozen water content was obtained. The test results indicate that, Unfrozen water content decreased with the reduction of frozen temperature of permafrost and there was a power function relationship between unfrozen water content and frozen temperature. The unfrozen water content reduction of No.3 sample was the slowest, because it had the lowest water content and the least frost-heave and thawed amount. It also can be attained that ice content of Mohe permafrost became more and more, but bound water and free water content got less and less while frozen temperature fell continuously.

scholarly journals The efficiency of using protein hydro-lyzate to stimulate the reproductive function of minks and improve the commercial properties of animal skins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Albulov ◽  
M.A. Frolova ◽  
A.V. Grin ◽  
A.K. Eliseev ◽  
A.B. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Amine Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Hydrolyzate ◽  
Spinal Region ◽  
Digestible Protein

From the point of view of solving the problem of feed supply in fur farming, the use of biologically active additives that normalize the protein balance is of great interest. The hydrolyzate obtained by the technology developed by us from the waste of fur farming is a highly digestible protein, is characterized by a high content of amine nitrogen, and contains all non-replaceable amino acids. The introduction of hydrolyzate from sable muscle tissue into the main diet of minks allowed to reduce by 1.3 times the number of missing female minks, to increase the yield of mink puppies per main female, increase the viability of the offspring. The efficiency of feeding the protein hydrolyzate in the diet of caged minks was assessed by the commercial properties of the skins. The most important indicators are the thickness of the skin and the ratio of its layers, on which the duration of processing of raw materials during production operations and indicators of the physical and mechanical properties of the skins depend. Analysis of the obtained measurements made it possible to conclude that feeding with protein hydrolyzate led to an increase in the thickness of the skin of various topographic areas of mink skins. The maximum value of the epidermis thickness was observed on the rump part, the minimum - on the spinal region, while the maximum number of guard hairs was noted on the spinal part, the minimum - on the lateral part of the mink skins. Thus, the results obtained indicate the effectiveness of using a protein hydrolyzate to stimulate the reproductive function of minks and improve the commercial properties of animal skins.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Problems of Legal Support of Ecological, Biosphere and Genetic Safety in the System of National Security of the Russian Federation

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Zhavoronkova ◽  
V. B. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Decision Making ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The paper is devoted to the study of theoretical problems of legal provision of ecological, biosphere and genetic security in the system of national security of the Russian Federation. It is noted that from the legal point of view the process of «legitimization» of the term (concept) of environmental safety has been successfully completed. This term is widely used in legislation and law enforcement practice, however, the term «environmental safety» still does not have a pronounced context, distinguishable, for example, from the terms «environmental protection», «environmental risk», «sustainable development». If there is a legitimate (conservative) understanding of environmental safety, there is still no modern legal and clear, unambiguous and essential content of the concept of «safety» (including genetic, biological, biosphere, evolutionary and other currently relevant types of safety). Attempts to define safety (along with vulnerability) through threats, damages, stability, losses, have the right to exist, but do not give adequate and substantial sense. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and strategic planning documents, it is concluded that new theoretical and methodological approaches to the understanding of both the basic concept of «safety» and the concept of «environmental safety» are required. According to the authors, due to the emergence of new global challenges and threats (genetic, biosphere, biological, climatic, etc.) in a specific law it is advisable to revise the underlying definition of environmental safety, stressing its specificity. It is important to form the conceptual framework, including the definition and assessment of threats, risks; to select standards and methods of evaluation, classification of threats, their records; to provide for the variability of action of state authorities and local self-government in case of security threats and also the mechanism of participation of citizens and public associations in environmental decision-making on issues of environmental safety. 

Minimisation of Water Content in Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 691 ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Ivan Juríček ◽  
Ľudovít Fillo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Water Content ◽  
Normal Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Moisture Characteristic ◽  
Short Time

In the production of structures made of concrete it is sometimes required to make a completed structure contain a minimum amount of free water. From the point of view of effectiveness of the production process it is also preferred to dry the concrete in a short time and at a reasonable cost. Required for free water content can be limited by various factors (e.g. construction covered by flooring sensitive to humidity, frost resistance, etc.).The moisture characteristic of concrete is verified in civil engineering provided that the concrete is located in the environment with normal atmospheric pressure. By solving the project “Development of methods for structure of thermal vacuum insulated containers” we have met a requirement to produce concrete with extremely low moisture content. It was found out that information about moisture content of concrete obtained by currently used method was unsatisfactory for concrete in the environment with extremely low atmospheric pressure. The research has indicated that usual methods of concrete drying are not sufficient for concrete subjected to vacuum because they don´t eliminate physically bound water.

Aspects of Use Of Waste Fuel and Energy Complex and Chemical Industry in the Production of Ceramic Bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Z. Abdrakhimov ◽  
A.V. Kolpakov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Ceramic Building ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Chemical Wastes

One of the most promising areas for the use of waste production is ─ involving them recycled as raw materials for the production of ceramic bricks. The use of waste fuel and energy complex (inter-shale clay) and chemical wastes (alumosilicate sludge) in the production of ceramic bricks promotes recycling of industrial waste, environment, expansion of raw materials base for production of ceramic building materials. Developed innovative proposals for reducing negative impacts of toxic waste processing on environmental objects, which novelty is confirmed by Patents of the Russian Federation.

METHODS AND TYPES OF CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE FIELD OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMARA REGION)

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Security Regime ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of

В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны объектов в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса Российской Федерации от преступных посягательств корыстной направленности (на примере ТЭК Самарской области). Иллюстрированы отличительные особенности ТЭК Самарской области, наличие разнообразия объектов посягательства. Показаны особенности организованной преступной деятельности в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса на территории Самарской области, связанной прежде всего с несанкционированным отбором углеводородного сырья и нефтепродуктов из магистральных, промысловых и технологических трубопроводов, а также резервуаров, автоцистерн, железнодорожного подвижного состава и судов. Топливно-энергетический комплекс является одной из ведущих отраслей на территории Самарской области, структурными сегментами которой являются в том числе объекты добычи, хранения, переработки и транспортировки нефти, а также объекты транспортировки, хранения и сбыта нефтепродуктов. Данное обстоятельство требует принятия мер по защите отрасли от противоправных действий. Наряду с охранными, режимными и организационными мерами, которые осуществляют хозяйствующие субъекты, немаловажное значение имеет защита отрасли от преступных посягательств уголовно-правовым способом. В статье приводятся примеры разнообразных видов и способов хищения в сфере топливно-энергетического комплекса и мер по предупреждению преступных посягательств. The article deals with topical issues of criminal and legal protection of objects in the field of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation from criminal encroachments of a mercenary orientation (on the example of the fuel and energy complex of the Samara region). The distinctive features of the fuel and energy complex of the Samara region , the presence of a variety of objects of encroachment are illustrated. The features of organized criminal activity in the field of the fuel and energy complex on the territory of the Samara region are shown, primarily related to the unauthorized selection of hydrocarbon raw materials and petroleum products from main, field and technological pipelines, as well as tanks, tankers, railway rolling stock and ships. The fuel and energy complex is one of the leading industries in the territory of the Samara region, the structural segments of which are: including objects of oil production, storage , processing and transportation, as well as objects of transportation, storage and sale of petroleum products, and therefore this circumstance requires taking measures to protect it from illegal actions . Along with security, regime and organizational measures that are carried out by economic entities, it is of no small importance to protect the industry from criminal encroachments in a criminal-legal way. The article provides examples of various types and methods of theft in the field of the fuel and energy complex and measures to prevent criminal encroachments.

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