scholarly journals PALM-BASED CHOCOLATE SPREAD FOR WIDE RANGE TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS USING SUNFLOWER WAX, CARNAUBA WAX AND BEES WAX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORAZURA AILA MOHD HASSIM
Keyword(s):  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chocolate Spread ◽  
Sunflower Wax ◽  
Temperature Applications

scholarly journals Applications of Microbial β-Mannanases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Dawood ◽  
Kesen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Paper And Pulp ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Temperature Applications

Mannans are main components of hemicellulosic fraction of softwoods and they are present widely in plant tissues. β-mannanases are the major mannan-degrading enzymes and are produced by different plants, animals, actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteria. These enzymes can function under conditions of wide range of pH and temperature. Applications of β-mannanases have therefore, been found in different industries such as animal feed, food, biorefinery, textile, detergent, and paper and pulp. This review summarizes the most recent studies reported on potential applications of β-mannanases and bioengineering of β-mannanases to modify and optimize their key catalytic properties to cater to growing demands of commercial sectors.

The Design and Simulation of Wide Range Pressure Sensor Based on HTCC for High-Temperature Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 1053-1059
Author(s):  
Zhong Ren ◽  
Qiu Lin Tan ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
Ting Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Passive Measurement ◽  
Series Resonance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spiral Inductors ◽  
Temperature Applications

A wide range pressure sensor is designed based on the theoretical basis of LC series resonance circuit model to realize the wireless passive measurement in the harsh environment, such as high temperature and high pressure. The capacitive pressure sensitive device is devised by the technology of high-temperature co-fired ceramics (HTCC) to form nine density cavities in zirconia ceramic substrates, and thick film technology to print capacitance plates and planar spiral inductors. The theoretical calculation and simulation analysis of the designed sensor are made respectively under high pressure (10MPa) and temperature (600 °C), the results of which verify the feasibility of the design in a wide range of pressure for high-temperature applications, and provide the reliable theory basis for the fabrication of wide range pressure sensor.

Dielectrics for Power Capacitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000015-000020
Author(s):  
R. Karmazin ◽  
A. Koch ◽  
R. Matz ◽  
R. Männer ◽  
W. Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Applications

High voltage capacitors are key components for transient storage and release of electrical energy in mobile electric devices, electric vehicles, stationary power systems and power transmission. Due to their high electric breakdown voltage, self-healing capability and affordability, polymer-based film capacitors are widely used, particularly those made from biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Their maximum operating temperature near 100°C, however, requires careful thermal management and oversize design. In high temperature applications well above 200°C, the preference shifts from organic to ceramic dielectric materials. Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are known for their excellent mechanical and thermal robustness, have a mature fabrication technology and have found a wide spectrum of applications in power electronic systems. Their higher cost level is frequently over-compensated by their robustness, a unique selling point particularly in high temperature applications. The present investigation deals with the suitability of various ceramic materials like mica, several high and low temperature sinterable tapes (HTCC, LTCC) as well as atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) alumina under such conditions. Aspects of manufacturability and component design are taken into account as well. Dielectric materials performance is particularly addressed by high temperature impedance spectroscopy up to several hundred °C to minimize further self heating of the components above the operating temperature. Although these materials, commercial as well as non-commercial ones, were originally developed for either electric or high temperature applications, the analysis suggests promising materials choices also in cases, when both requirements come together. Although dissipation factors obtained from capacitive test structures cover a wide range, capacitors made from pure alumina (HTCC) generally have lower dielectric loss at all temperatures than those made from glass-ceramic composites (LTCC). Quite diverse properties are obtained with APS alumina, which would represent a promising fabrication alternative due to the possible solid deposition on metal surfaces.

scholarly journals An Effect of Chromium on Mechanical Properties of the Ni3Al-Based Alloys and Sinters in Compression Tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Malec ◽  
K. Rzyman ◽  
M. Czepelak ◽  
A. Wala
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cast Alloys ◽  
Intended Use ◽  
Temperature Applications

An Effect of Chromium on Mechanical Properties of the Ni3Al-Based Alloys and Sinters in Compression TestsMechanical properties of the Ni75Al(25-x)Crx cast alloys and sinters were investigated using compression tests conducted within a wide range of compositions and temperature. The alloys and sinters exhibiting the best mechanical properties from a point of view of their intended use as constructional materials suitable for high-temperature applications were selected.

scholarly journals Resolving the bias point for wide range of temperature applications in High-k/Metal Gate nanoscale DG-MOSFET

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta Mohapatra ◽  
Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Prasanna Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Metal Gate ◽  
High K ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dg Mosfet ◽  
Bias Point ◽  
Output Conductance ◽  
Intrinsic Gain ◽  
Temperature Applications

This article investigates the Zero-Temperature-Coefficient (ZTC) bias point and its associated performance metrics of a High-k Metal Gate (HKMG) DG-MOSFET in nanoscale. The ZTC bias point is defined as the point at which the device parameters are independent of temperature. The discussion includes sub threshold slope (SS), drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), on-off current ratio (Ion/Ioff), transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd) and intrinsic gain (AV). From the results, it is confirmed that there are two different ZTC bias points, one for IDS (ZTCIDS) and the other for gm (ZTCgm). The points are obtained as: ZTCIDS=0.552 V and ZTCgm =0.410 V, which will open important opportunities in analog circuit design for wide range of temperature applications.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

Observation of Atom Rows in Thorium Pyromellitate Using a Field Emission STEM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
H. Todokoro ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
T. Komoda
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Film ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Chain

It is interesting to observe polymers at atomic size resolution. Some works have been reported for thorium pyromellitate by using a STEM (1), or a CTEM (2,3). The results showed that this polymer forms a chain in which thorium atoms are arranged. However, the distance between adjacent thorium atoms varies over a wide range (0.4-1.3nm) according to the different authors.The present authors have also observed thorium pyromellitate specimens by means of a field emission STEM, described in reference 4. The specimen was prepared by placing a drop of thorium pyromellitate in 10-3 CH3OH solution onto an amorphous carbon film about 2nm thick. The dark field image is shown in Fig. 1A. Thorium atoms are clearly observed as regular atom rows having a spacing of 0.85nm. This lattice gradually deteriorated by successive observations. The image changed to granular structures, as shown in Fig. 1B, which was taken after four scanning frames.

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