Medical Care under Social Security in France

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
R. F. Bridgman
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Government

Social insurance was initiated in France on a national scale in 1930 and now covers about 98.5 per cent of the population. The coverage expanded the limits of traditional sickness insurance for curative medicine and had a growing impact on overall health and social policy. French social insurance is a public service run by organizations which retain the voluntary status of the old mutual funds. The social security budget is independent of that of the government, which contributes less than 20 per cent of the overall social budget of the nation. The relationships between the medical profession, private and public hospitals, preventive care organizations, social insurance funds, and central and local governments have become very complex. The huge social security organization has acquired competence in planning and in technical organizational matters and consequently has had a great influence on medical care patterns. Social security adopted the direct payment system in its relationships with the medical profession; therefore the latter has retained its independent status. But, for public and private hospitals, the payment system is indirect. A special branch was created in 1945 to deal with capital investments in hospitals and health institutions concerned with preventive medicine. Social insurance contributed greatly to facilitating access of patients to all kinds of medical care, either public or private, curative or preventive, and helped the government by participating in the construction of a complex network of health institutions for the benefit of the whole population. This task is not yet achieved, and greater coordination and additional resources are necessary. But there is no doubt that social insurance was and still is a powerful factor in the continuing improvement of the nation's health and living conditions.

The British National Health Service: Professional Determinants of Administrative Structure

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Free System ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Service Professional ◽  
The Government

It is contended that divisions within the medical profession and conflict between the various branches of the profession and the government have had a stronger influence on modifying the pattern of medical care in Great Britain today than the adoption and extension of the principle of social insurance. A fully integrated and free system of medical care was envisaged but the strength and power of two branches of the profession forced the government to accept certain modifications. Primary and secondary medical care and public health activities were all organized separately at the operational level, giving rise to a “tripartite” structure, and a limited amount of private practice persists.

scholarly journals Treatment Interest of Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (Social Security Organizing Agency) Patients in Balowerti Public Health Center Kediri City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sandu Siyoto ◽  
Albert Ronald Tule
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Health Center ◽  
National Health ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Financial Flow ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

The Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) which was established in 2014, implements the National Health Insurance Program (JKN). While JKN positively affects national health and increases the financial flow of private hospitals, there is a significant financial deficit, which can be covered by the involvement of informal private-sector workers, whose loyalty to the hospital is mainly influenced by hospital’s environment, communication with staff, and service quality. Previous studies indicate that in Indonesia loyalty to the public hospitals can have no relationships with service quality, to test this assumption, a sample of 126 subjects was recruited at the Balowerti City Health Center, Kediri City. All participants of the study received premium assistance beneficiaries (PBI) of BPJS insurance, which is fully subsidized by the government. Despite this, the main part of the sample evaluated their perception of the Balowerti City Health Center and the quality of its service as average or poor. Ordinal regression confirmed the existence of the influence of service quality and perception of the hospital on the behavioral intention of patients. Refers to perception of low service quality is the main reason for insufficient involvement if JKN. According to the previous studies, a lack of time for communication with the patient, long time of waiting, and a lack of information of BPJS are main reasons of patient dissatisfaction and low enrollment in JKN.

scholarly journals Legal Issues in The Implementation of National Social Security System on Labour in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Tedi Sudrajat ◽  
Siti Kunarti ◽  
Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Security Benefits

The Social Security System in Indonesia has been regulated by the government, and the program is managed by an agency called Social Insurance Administration Organization (BPJS). Associated with the existence of social security functions for workers, its practice presents a gap between what is expected and what is regulated. For this reason, it is therefore necessary to examine, firstly, what kind of legal protection of workers is covered by this national social security system managed in BPJS program and, secondly, what constraints are encountered in its implementation. This research is Juridical Normative one, with normative qualitative data analysis. The research finds that the social security is correlated not only with the welfare of employees who are assessed by the level of wages provided by the organization, rather it is also correlated with other factors in the form of health and safety assurance. In the broader context, social welfare is measured not only when the person is at work and gets social security benefits, rather the measure of his welfare is also applicable when the worker is not working and/or when they retire. On the basis of these, the social security program is an integral aspect of social security to which the government should give a legal protection.

scholarly journals Directions For Reconstruction of the Tax System in Poland – a Growth‑Enhancing Proposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-109
Author(s):  
Jakub Karnowski ◽  
Andrzej Rzońca
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Security ◽  
National Health ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Social Security Contributions ◽  
Health Fund ◽  
Different Types

The paper aims to present directions for the growth‑enhancing reconstruction of the tax system in Poland. It presents a diagnosis of the main strengths and weaknesses of that system. Based on this diagnosis and a review of the literature, the authors propose a package of recommendations whose introduction would be conducive to economic growth. The recommendations include: shifting the burden of taxation from income, in particular low labour income, to consumption; exempting low earners from a part of social security contributions; the introduction of the possibility for local governments to increase the PIT‑free allowance above the centrally set base amount; the unification of the basis for the PIT, National Health Fund and Social Insurance Institution contributions; the elimination of differences in contributions for different types of contracts on the basis of which work is performed; the extension of one‑off amortisation to all machine investments; and the elimination of sectoral taxes.

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM KARTU INDONESIA SEHAT

Yuridika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Zahry Vandawati ◽  
Hilda Yunita Sabrie ◽  
Widhayani Dian Pawestri ◽  
Rizki Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Government

Assurance is an important element in financial planning, but because of the low public awareness and myths that circulate in society around the insurance makes people reluctant to buy insurance products. Insurance is also known only for the upper middle class. On the other hand the realization of a prosperous society, one of which is assessed from the level of good public health. For that the government issued a compulsory social insurance in which the entire community on the mandate of the law shall be a participant of the program. Since 2011, the government has issued a regulation related to the National Social Security System and implemented through Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) in 2014. However, in the event it was due to political dynamics, the government under Jokowi leadership reissued Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS) A presidential regulation that functions the same as the existence of BPJS. This is what needs to be studied more deeply, because it is feared there will be overlapping roles and functions between BPJS and KIS them.

scholarly journals Impact of Economic Downturn on Child Labor in Vietnam

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Government

The economic recession led to the economic downturn, loss of jobs and income, and the risk of falling back into the poverty of near-poor and poor households. This recession caused an increase in child labor. This study aimed to analyze the concept of child and child labor under a regulatory framework and assess how the economic downturn affects child labor in Vietnam. This study used analytical research methods through synthesis, comparison, and legal analysis, emphasizing literary research based on secondary research data. This study showed that the economic downturn increased the proportion of child labor because the parents and the family's breadwinner are unemployed or cut down on their income. Children were out of school to help household businesses or look for work for extra income. The economic downturn increased the number of children working in unsafe working conditions. It increased the risk of children being forced into illegal jobs prohibited and exposing children to labor to risk forced labor. It resulted in difficulties preventing and eliminating child labor, especially in a developing country like Vietnam, due to the high number of employees working in the informal sector, who were often unsupported by social security policies such as unemployment insurance and social insurance. This study suggested that the Government should establish policies to promote sustainable economic development and promulgate appropriate social security policies to promptly support workers and their families out of difficulties caused by job loss. Also, it should organize the effective implementation of regulations on eliminating child labor and raise social awareness in preventing and eliminating child labor. KEYWORDS: Economic Downturn, Child Labor, COVID-19 Pandemic.

scholarly journals Transformation of Social Insurance as an Instrument of Social Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Olga Miller ◽  
Elena Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Funds ◽  
The Government

he development of social insurance is a highly researched issue. However, its place and role in the system of social protection remains understudied, as well as its current transformations under the changing socio-economic conditions. The research objective was to analyze the development of social insurance as an instrument of social security in Russia and in the Siberian Federal District. The study featured the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of social insurance in the changing system of social security. The research was based on a systematic approach to social security and social insurance as one of its most important mechanisms. The article introduces a review of domestic and foreign researches. It also focuses on an analysis of related regulations and statistic data. The methods and materials made it possible to conduct a thorough analysis of the development of the compulsory social insurance in Russia as a governmental instrument. The authors also described the legal framework in the field of social insurance. The government supports the Social Security Funds. In the Siberian Federal District, the budget of the Social Security Funds increased due to the growing number of insurance premiums, e.g. taxes and penalties, as well as due to the state participation. The research revealed some changes processes in the sphere of social security in the Russian Federation. The changes proved to affect social insurance and the whole insurance industry.

Decentralized Socialism: Medical Care in Yugoslavia

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vukmanović
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Reimbursement Mechanisms ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Insurance Funds ◽  
Health Institutions

The health care system in Yugoslavia is based on the principles of reciprocity and solidarity, as regulated by constitutional provisions which guarantee medical care and use of health services as the basic right of all citizens. Medical care is organized on the basis of needs and resources of the society. Its funds are generated through individual contributions of citizens and sociopolitical, working, and other organizations which are accumulated into social insurance funds, for reimbursement of health institutions for the services they provide. Coordination among health institutions, associations of social insurance, and sociopolitical and other concerned organizations is regulated by law. Insured persons within their associations decide on the extent of medical care to which to subscribe and on all rights emanating from the insurance. There are several reimbursement mechanisms such as fee–for–service, capitation, and daily charges. Insured persons through their associations influence the administration of social insurance by means of specifying priorities in terms of certain needs and by deciding on specific contracts with health institutions. The emphasis in contract arrangements is placed on preventive services, home care services, and dispensary care, for which health institutions proportionally receive more money than for hospital services. This arrangement influences the pattern of organization of health institutions and health workers. The new type of institutions that are more and more dominant are integrated health services, so–called medical centers, which provide both preventive and curative services for the population they cover.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction in the Health Care Sector: Empirical Evidence from Medical Care in Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gkliati ◽  
Anna Saiti
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Services

It is extremely important for employees in every sector of an economy to be satisfied with their work since job satisfaction contributes significantly to improvements in their productiveness and performance. This paper deals with the very sensitive sector of health care in which medical staff provide citizens with health care services. The job satisfaction of these medical care providers is of particular importance when aiming to improve the quality of their services. Literature on job satisfaction among the providers of medical care is limited since researches have focused mainly on users’ satisfaction with the medical care services provided. In an era in which many countries worldwide are facing uncertainty and the social insurance systems are confronted with serious problems as they strive to respond to a number of changes, the Greek health care sector is no exception. With particular reference to the Greek reality, due to the heavy recession that the country has been facing for a number of years, health care expenditures have been cut dramatically and, as a result, the working conditions in public hospitals have been negatively influenced. Based on the above, the purpose of this paper is, through empirical investigation, to examine the levels of job satisfaction among Greek doctors who work in public hospitals and to determine the factors that may influence the satisfaction they gain from their work.

scholarly journals Analisis implementasi kebijakan penanganan pandemi Covid-19 di Selandia Baru

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-179
Author(s):  
Reza Fajar Raynaldi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Covid-19 as a pandemic phenomenon has been impacting global life since last year. Almost all countries in the world encounter crises in various sectors. One of the countries that succeeded in handling the Covid-19 cases is New Zealand. The success attracted many researchers to conduct a research to analyze the New Zealand Government's moves in handling the pandemic to take a lesson from it. Moreover, the pandemic is still not over yet. This research focuses on the public policy dimension from the government of New Zealand to handle the pandemic and has an objective to analyze the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of policy implementation from the government of New Zealand, using the policy implementation model from George C. Edwards. This research uses a qualitative method with a desk study as a means for collecting data. The result of this research is clear communication, adequate resources, and slight disposition are the factors that contribute to the success and effectiveness of policy implementation in New Zealand in order to handle the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the bureaucracy structure factor with the fragmentation of health institutions between national and local governments might have undermined that success.

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