Dementia: An Overview (Preprint)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anung Ahadi Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
Caregiver Burdens

BACKGROUND Dementia is a serious terminal and irreversible disease that often does not receive attention from the public compared to other non-communicable diseases. This disease causes a decline in cognitive function in individuals and makes them have to depend on others for 5-20 years of their life span. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of dementia and other things related to this disease. METHODS The writing method in this article uses a narrative review on several scientific sources and journal articles published in 2011-2021 from several databases such as Google Scholar, CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, and EBSCO. RESULTS Dementia is one of the non-communicable diseases that can cause a high burden on individuals, families, communities, and countries as a result of the unproductiveness and total dependence of people with dementia on their surrounding environment due to the decline in body functions that occur. The caregiver burden experienced by caregivers includes physical, psychological, social and financial burdens. Support and assistance from professional health workers for people with dementia as well as caregivers and families can be provided through several efforts such as providing information related to illness, assistance in the care provided, providing counseling to prevent caregiver burdens and other problems, forming support groups for dementia caregivers, and advocacy for people with dementia and their families to get their rights. CONCLUSIONS Change efforts and policy making by the government that are more pro-people with dementia can change the perception that has been in society so far to be more positive and can potentially contribute to people with dementia.

scholarly journals Combating non-communicable diseases in rural Lucknow: Are the skills and knowledge of female health workers adequate?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Arunima Saini ◽  
Monika Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Essential Knowledge

Background: India is facing the surging trend of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Forecasting the burden for NCDs, the Government of India (GOI) initiated a program in 2010 across the country, i.e., National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke. The GOI has envisaged the female health workers (FHW) for the last mile delivery of health services under the programme. Available literature shows that FHWs lack essential knowledge regarding chronic diseases. This study attempts to fill these gaps by studying knowledge and skills regarding NCDs among FHWs in rural Lucknow. Objectives were to explore the knowledge about NCDs among ASHAs and ANMs in rural Lucknow and to assess of skills related to NCD screening among ANMs in rural Lucknow.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among FHWs of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh from June 2019 to August 2019.Results: Among the FHWs, knowledge about NCDs was found to be higher for those with the age more than 40 years, with the education of higher secondary and above and also amongst those who had received previous training for NCDs.Conclusions: Majority of the respondents were found to have poor knowledge regarding NCDs. Additionally, older age, training and higher education are found to be associated with good knowledge; there is a need of training of grass root level workers for them to correctly identify the symptoms and risk factors of various NCDs.

scholarly journals Protocol for establishing an Adaptive Diseases control Expert Programme in Tanzania (ADEPT) for integrating care of communicable and non-communicable diseases using tuberculosis and diabetes as a case study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041521
Author(s):  
Stellah G Mpagama ◽  
Kaushik Ramaiya ◽  
Troels Lillebæk ◽  
Blandina T Mmbaga ◽  
Marion Sumari-de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operational Research ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
The Government

IntroductionMost sub-Saharan African countries endure a high burden of communicable infections but also face a rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Interventions targeting particular epidemics are often executed within vertical programmes. We establish an Adaptive Diseases control Expert Programme in Tanzania (ADEPT) model with three domains; stepwise training approach, integration of communicable and NCDs and a learning system. The model aims to shift traditional vertical programmes to an adaptive diseases management approach through integrating communicable and NCDs using the tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) dual epidemic as a case study. We aim to describe the ADEPT protocol with underpinned implementation and operational research on TB/DM.Methods and analysisThe model implement a collaborative TB and DM services protocol as endorsed by WHO in Tanzania. Evaluation of the process and outcomes will follow the logic framework. A mixed research design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches will be used in applied research action. Anticipated implementation research outcomes include at the health facilities level for organising TB/DM services, pathways of patients with TB/DM seeking care in different health facilities, factors in service delivery that need deimplementation and the ADEPT model implementation feasibility, acceptability and fidelity. Expected operational research outcomes include additional identified patients with dual TB/DM, the prevalence of comorbidities like hypertension in patients with TB/DM and final treatment outcomes of TB/DM including treatment-related complications. Findings will inform the future policies and practices for integrating communicable and NCDs services.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by The National Research Health Ethical Committee (Ref-No. NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/2988) and the implementation endorsed by the government authorities. Findings will be proactively disseminated through multiple mechanisms including peer-reviewed journals, and engagement with various stakeholders’ example in conferences and social media.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Childhood Obesity Related Policy Interventions in Malaysia—A Non Communicable Diseases Scorecard Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5950
Author(s):  
Wilfred Kok Hoe Mok ◽  
Noran Naqiah Hairi ◽  
Caryn Mei Hsien Chan ◽  
Feisul Idzwan Mustapha ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

(1) Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has increased tremendously in the ASEAN region, including Malaysia. In Malaysia, the National Strategic Plan for Non-Communicable Diseases (2015–2025) provides the overall framework for its response to the non-communicable diseases (NCD) epidemic. Preventing childhood obesity is one of the key strategies for early intervention to prevent NCDs. The objective of this research is to examine the current status of policy interventions in addressing childhood obesity in Malaysia. (2) Methods: A panel of 22 stakeholders and experts from Malaysia, representing the government, industry, academia and non-governmental organizations, were sampled using a modified Delphi technique. Data were collected using a modified NCD scorecard under four domains (governance, risk factors, surveillance and research and health systems response). A heat map was used to measure the success of the four realms of the NCD scorecard. For each domain of the NCD scorecard, the final score was grouped in quintiles. (3) Results: A total of 22 participants responded, comprising of eight (36.4%) males and 14 (63.4%) females. All the domains measured in implementing policies related to childhood obesity were of low progress. Nine governance indicators were reported as 22.5% (low progress), four in the risk factors domain, and two in the surveillance. This shows that timely and accurate monitoring, participatory review and evaluation, and effective remedies are necessary for a country’s surveillance system. (4) Conclusion: Although Malaysia has published several key strategic documents relating to childhood obesity and implemented numerous policy interventions, we have identified several gaps that must be addressed to leverage the whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach in addressing childhood obesity in the country.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
National Level ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
School Level ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Concentration Indices

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly becoming a challenge worldwide, causing high mortality and morbidity. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of NCDs globally and the highest in the Arabian Gulf region. Epidemiological data indicate that NCDs are responsible for 70 % of all deaths in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in the prevalence of NCDs in Saudi Arabia. Methods Data from the Saudi Family Health Survey conducted in 2018 by the General Authority for Statistics were used for this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with the prevalence of NCDs. Moreover, the concentration curve and concentration indices were used to assess inequalities in the prevalence of NCDs. Results Among the 11,527 respondents, the prevalence of NCDs was 32.15 %. The prevalence of NCDs was higher among women and among elderly respondents aged ≥ 60 years. With respect to the determinants of the prevalence of NCDs, the logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of reporting NCDs was lower among people with a higher education (OR: 0.599, 95 % CI: 0.497–0.723, p < 0.01) compared with that of people with an education below the primary school level. Other factors significantly associated with the prevalence of NCDs were age, marital status, nationality, and region of residence. The inequality analysis showed that at the national level, the prevalence of NCDs was concentrated among less educated people (concentration index = − 0.338, p < 0.01), but with significant regional variations. Gender disaggregation showed that both income-based and education-based concentration indices were significantly negative among women, indicating that the prevalence of NCDs is concentrated among women with a lower income level and with less education. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for policymakers to combat both the increasing prevalence of and socio-economic inequalities in NCDs. The government should develop targeted intervention strategies to control NCDs and achieve health equality considering socio-economic status. Future policies should target women and the lower educated population in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Strengthening the Healthy Living Society Movement (GERMAS) during the Covid Pandemic 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Rizal Sanif
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Important Health ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Health problems in Indonesia are very serious challenges. The main problem is that there is a triple burden or three important health problems related to the eradication of infectious diseases, an increase in cases of non-communicable diseases and the re-emergence of types of diseases that should have been successfully resolved. Infectious diseases such as diarrhea, tuberculosis and dengue fever were the most common health cases; now there has been a marked change in the number of cases of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer and coronary heart disease. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia at the Ministry of Health in 2017 launched GERMAS or Healthy Living Community Movement. GERMAS is a movement that aims to promote a culture of healthy living and leave unhealthy habits and behavior of society. The GERMAS action was also followed by promoting hygiene and healthy living habits and support for community-based infrastructure programs. This program has several focuses, such as building access to meet drinking water needs, community health installations and the construction of habitable settlements. The three of them are the basic infrastructure that is the foundation of the healthy life movement.

scholarly journals Ayushman Bharat Yojana: a memorable health initiative for Indians

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Dhaka ◽  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Ginni Agrawal ◽  
Gopal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
The Government

India in a state of epidemiological health transition i.e shifting from communicable to non-communicable diseases. The annually 3.2% Indians falling below the poverty line and three forth Indians spending their entire income on health care and purchasing drugs. The government of India announced a Ayushman Bharat Yojana- National Health Protection Scheme (AB-NHPM) in the year 2018.  The aim of this programme is to providing a service to create a healthy, capable and content new India and two goals are to creating a network of health and wellness infrastructure across the nation to deliver comprehensive primary healthcare services and to provide health insurance cover to at least 40% of India's population which is deprived of secondary and tertiary care services. This Yojana will be implemented through Health and Wellness Centres that are to be developed in the primary health centre or sub-centre in the village and that will provide preventive, promotive, and curative care for non-communicable diseases, dental, mental, geriatric care, palliative care, etc. These centres would be equipped with basic medical tests for hypertension, diabetic and cancer and they are connected to the district hospital for advanced tele-medical consultations. The government has aims to set up 1,50,000 health and wellness centres across the country by the year 2022.

scholarly journals Edukasi dan Pemeriksaan Darah dalam Rangka Pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Margareta Haiti ◽  
Novita Anggraini ◽  
Victoria Ire Tominik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Regular Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Health Checks

Non-communicable diseases (PTM) are a group of chronic diseases, not contagious and can attack all organs of the body, so PTM has a large impact both in terms of morbidity and mortality on public health. Based on information from community leaders from the Sukarami Village, many people experience hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism or pain in the joints so that people are very much expecting help from health workers to provide counseling and health checks in order to prevent disease or attempt to find the cause of the disease. Residents who attended the PKM activities amounted to 138 people. The results of glucose level examination obtained a normal category of 111 people, Prediabetes category as many as 21 people and diabetes category as many as 6 people while the examination of uric acid levels obtained normal results as many as 101 people, abnormal category as many as 36 people and not examined as many as 1 person but the results the measurement of people's blood pressure that came showed 67 (48.6%) more than normal meaning that quite a lot of people tended to suffer from hypertension. It was concluded that community awareness of the importance of checking blood sugar and gout, especially for those aged> 40 years, still needs to be improved through regular education and blood tests to prevent (preventive efforts), especially non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Team-based primary health care for non-communicable diseases: complexities in South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii22-ii34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Lall ◽  
Nora Engel ◽  
Narayanan Devadasan ◽  
Klasien Horstman ◽  
Bart Criel
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Chronic Care ◽  
South India ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Team Based Care

Abstract Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Health systems, especially those in low- and middle-income countries, such as India, struggle to deliver quality chronic care. A reorganization of healthcare service delivery is needed to strengthen care for chronic conditions. In this study, we evaluated the implementation of a package of tailored interventions to reorganize care, which were identified following a detailed analysis of gaps in delivering quality NCD care at the primary care level in India. Interventions included a redesign of the workflow at primary care clinics, a redistribution of tasks, the introduction of patient information records and the involvement of community health workers in the follow-up of patients with NCDs. An experimental case study design was chosen to study the implementation of the quality improvement measures. Three public primary care facilities in rural South India were selected. Qualitative methods were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the implementation process and outcomes of implementation. Observations, field notes and semi-structured interviews with staff at these facilities (n = 15) were thematically analysed to identify contextual factors that influenced implementation. Only one of the primary health centres implemented all components of the intervention by the end of 9 months. The main barriers to implementation were hierarchical arrangements that inhibited team-based care, the amount of time required for counselling and staff transfers. Team cohesion, additional staff and staff motivation seem to have facilitated implementation. This quality improvement research highlights the importance of building relational leadership to enable team-based care at primary care clinics in India. Redesigned organization of care and task redistribution is important solutions to deliver quality chronic care. However, implementing these will require capacity building of local primary care teams.

Palliative and end-of-life care’s barriers for older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Retno Indarwati ◽  
Rista Fauziningtyas ◽  
Gilang Dwi Kuncahyo ◽  
Rr Dian Tristiana ◽  
Chong Mei Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
The Government

Purpose A nursing home is a place that is familiar with death, since many older adults will spend the latter part of their lives in such a setting. However, research on this topic is still limited, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers to successful palliative and, more generally, end-of-life care (EOLC) for older adults in nursing homes and to explore nurses’ views on the subject. Design/methodology/approach The study is of a qualitative nature and it employs a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews with 15 nurses who taken care of older adults in a nursing home were conducted. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Findings Barriers to effective EOLC include lack of knowledge, ineffectual communication and insufficient resources. Research limitations/implications Better policies are needed, especially in training related to palliative/EOLC subjects and equitable distribution of professional health workers to overcome the barriers. The government should also encourage collaboration involving hospitals, Puskesmas (Health Centre Services), community and resident care settings in sharing knowledge and skills, especially for nurses. Originality/value The barriers identified in palliative and EOLC have been found to be almost identical to those encountered in other health services.

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