scholarly journals UJI BIOKOMPATIBILITAS KOMPOSIT POLIVINIL ALKOHOLHIDROKSIAPATIT DENGAN PENGUAT CATGUT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYAMBUNG PATAH TULANG

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Taha Ma’ruf, Widowati Siswomihardjo, Marsetyawan HNE Alva Edy Tontowi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
All Treatment

Bone fracture fixation devices have been using rigid metallic materials such as titanium, titanium-alloy or cobalt chrome. Besides having some advantages, the titanium fixation devices also have disadvantages, such as too high strength and stiffness. This continuously stimulates the bone, causing bone atrophy under the plate, further disrupting the growth of bones, especially in children. Other deficiencies of this metal material is its sensitivity to temperature changes and the spread of metal ions in several organs. Some of these shortcomings led to the need for a secondary operation. Bone fracture fixation devices, such as the poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), can be absorbed by the body and show some other advantages. However, it also has some drawbacks due to the high crystalline products during the degradation process. Lactic acid monomer released after degradation causes cellular response at the implant site, which facilitates the release of chemical mediators, such as prostaglandine by fibroblasts and macrophages as a cause of bone resorption. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the use of other polymeric materials that have good biocompatibility,appropriate mechanical strength, and can be absorbed by the body, such as Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). Previous research suggests that the PVA-HA composite with catgut reinforcement has sufficient and stable mechanical strength to be used as bone fracture fixation material. The purpose of this study is to know whether the PVA-HA composite with catgut reinforcement has good biocompatibility without toxicity and hypersensitivity effects in experimental animals. Biocompatibility testing includes local cytotoxicity and type IV contact hypersensitivity test. This type of research is experimental in vivo laboratory using wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Testing is done through two phases, in which induction or sensitization phase is done by rubbing PVA-HA composite with catgut reinforced ointment powder on the ears that lasts up to 10 days. After being rested for 3 days, this is followed by a second phase contact (elicitation) on day 14 and observed in the period of 24, 48, and 72 hours. Observations were made macroscopically and ear thickness was measured with a micrometer. Local toxicity testing is done by implantation of PVA-HA composite with catgut reinforcement on the back catgut of wistar rats. After a certain time period, the implant material is opened,examined, and observed histologically under a light microscope. The results showed no discoloration or induration on the animal ears in all treatment and control groups, both for the sensitization and the elicitation phase. One way ANOVA statistical test showed that there were no significant differences in the results of measurements of the thickness of the wistar rats ears from all treatment groups before and after treatment on measures 24, 48 and 72 hours (ρ >0.05). Microscopic examination showed no infiltration of acute inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, basophils or eusinofil, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration such as macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. It can be concluded that the PVA-HA composite with catgut reinforcement is a material that does not cause toxicity and hypersensitivity in experimental animals, thus potentially can be used as bone fractures fixation material. 

Biological Response of Intramedullary Bone to Poly-L-Lactic Acid

1991 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suganuma ◽  
H. Alexander ◽  
J. Traub ◽  
J. L. Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Local Ph ◽  
Internal Fracture

ABSTRACTBioabsorbable synthetic polymers have been studied for their possible application in absorbable internal fracture fixation devices. The current study examines the biological response of intramedullary bone to PLLA (poly-L-lactic acid). PLLA degrades at a rate sufficiently slow to be useful for fracture fixation and undergoes hydrolytic deesterification to form metabolites normally found in the body. Nevertheless, the lactic-acid-rich degradation products have the potential to significantly lower the local pH in a closed space surrounded by bone. It is hypothesized that this acidity may tend to cause abnormal bone resorption and/or demineralization.

Short-Term In Vivo Response to Anodized Magnesium Alloy as a Biodegradable Material for Bone Fracture Fixation Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta L. Merlo ◽  
María R. Katunar ◽  
María Florencia Tano de la Hoz ◽  
Sabrina Carrizo ◽  
Leandro Salemme Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fixation Devices

scholarly journals Biodegradable 3D porous zinc alloy scaffold for bone fracture fixation devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bobby Kannan ◽  
Jonathon Chappell ◽  
Hadis Khakbaz ◽  
Mehdi Taherishargh ◽  
Thomas Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Fracture Fixation ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Fixation Devices

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in Gastrointestinal Tissues of Wistar Rats Administered with Methanolic Leaf Extract of Caladium bicolor (Araceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Dayo Rotimi Omotoso ◽  
Adeniran Oluwadamilare Akinola ◽  
Ibifuro Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxic Potential

To assess the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Caladium bicolor on the histomorphology of gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals. Twenty four Wistar rats (weighing between 175-190 g) were randomly and equally divided into four groups which include one control group (CG) and three treatment groups (TG I, TG II and TG III). The CG was administered with distilled water [2 ml/kg body weight (b.w.)] while TGs I, II and III were administered with 100 ml/kg, 200 ml/kg and 300 ml/kg (b.w.) of C. bicolor extract respectively. All administrations were done orally and once daily for a period of thirty days. The body weight of all animals was recorded at the beginning and end of study. After the period of study, gastric and small intestinal tissues of experimental animals were harvested, processed, converted to tissue blocks and sectioned. Tissue sections were stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique. Thereafter, stained sections microscopically examined for observable histopathological changes within study tissues. The results of this study showed that exposure to C. bicolor extract causes significant (p < 0.05) body weight loss in TGs I-III compared to CG. In addition, prominent histopathological changes were observed in gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals in TGs I-III including gastric mucosal surface erosion and intestinal villi degeneration compared to normal gastrointestinal histomorphology of CG animals. These histopathological changes may be associated with toxic effect of phytochemicals constituents of the extract. Therefore, its application for therapeutic purposes needs to be thoroughly re-validated or perhaps disallowed where alternative therapeutic agents with minimal toxic potential exist.

scholarly journals Histological Features of Catecholaminergic Neuron in Substantia Nigra Induced by Paraquat Dichloride (1,1-dimethyl-4,4 bipyridinium) in Wistar Rat as A Model of Parkinson Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih ◽  
Woro Danur Wendo ◽  
Yulfia Nelymalik Selan ◽  
Filphin Adolfin Amalo ◽  
Nemay Anggadewi Ndaong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Catecholaminergic Neurons ◽  
Group I ◽  
All Treatment

Paraquat dichloride has been used by farmers as a herbicide to kill the grass. On the other hand, paraquatdichloride is harmful if enters to the body, causing Parkinson’s disease, since it is disrupting dopamineproduction in the substantia nigra pars compacta or dopamine pathways Nigro striatal pathway. The studywas done to fi nd out the histological changes of catecholaminergic neurons and Nigro striatal pathway causedby paraquat dichloride treatment in Wistar rats as a model of Parkinson’s disease.Twenty-two Wistar rats 3,5 months old were divided into 4 groups, 5 rats each. Group I (control group)were injected with aquabidest, while groups II, III, and IV were injected intraperitoneally with paraquatdichloride in aquabidest, with the dosage 5 , 10 and 15 mg/kg bw respectively. The rats were injected onceper week for 6 weeks. Three days after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized using xylasin (2 mg/kg)and ketamine (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and then were intracardiac perfused using physiological saline asprerinse solution, followed by 10% buffered formalin solution as a fi xative. After animals were fi xed, the brainswere removed and embedded in paraffi n block and cut in 12 μm thickness for immunohistochemistry stainingusing tyrosine hydroxylase antibody. The results of staining then were observed under light microscope andanalyzed descriptively.The results showed that the catecholaminergic neurons were distributed in the substantia nigrapars compacta in all treatment groups, however, the cell density were found decreased only in group IV.Catecholaminergic neurons appear in the bipolar and multipolar form, while dopamine ‘Nigro striatal pathway’was found exist in all treatment groups. From our study, histologycally the decreased of catecholaminergicneurons is only found in rats that received paraquat dichloride in dose 15 mg/kg bw for 6 weeks.

scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF FLAVONOID IN RED MULBERRY ON REDUCING FREE RADICALS AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES DUE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Dita Sukmaya Prawitasari ◽  
Indira Pradita Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals

Background. Free radicals in cigarette smoke will hurt health when they enter to the respiratory tract. An excessive increase of free radicals in the body will cause oxidative stress. Free radicals are generated physiologically by the body's metabolism and can neutralize antioxidants in the body. An imbalance number of free radicals will result in cell damage and death. It has characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde levels in the blood and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Giving red mulberry (Morus rubra) as an intake of antioxidants from outside the body can prevent adverse effects of cigarette smoke. Objective. This study analyses flavonoids' impact on red mulberry in reducing free radicals due to exposure to cigarette smoke by lowering levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages. Method. This research is experimental with a post-test control group design using male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) as experimental animals. Treatment of experimental animals through red mulberry per oral and exposure to cigarette smoke had conducted for 30 days. The parameters used were levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Results. The research showed an increase in free radicals in the group exposed to cigarette smoke. Increasing intake of red mulberry can further reduce malondialdehyde levels and the number of alveolar macrophages (p<0.05). Conclusions. The antioxidants in red mulberry can reduce malondialdehyde levels in the blood and the number of alveolar macrophages in lung tissue due to exposure to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF REUSED EDIBLE OILS ON VITAL ORGANS OF WISTAR RATS

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Shastry C. S. ◽  
Patel Narendrakumar Ambalal ◽  
Joshi Himanshu ◽  
Aswathanarayana B. J.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Abstract Objective: Cooking oils (edible oils) are vegetable oils which are extensively used for cooking in India. These edible oils are rich in triglycerides, sterol, tocoferol, carotenes and pigments. Upon frying, edible oils gives rise to formation of free radicals and other harmful agents. The degraded products of oils generated while cooking produce unfavorable effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of reused edible oils (sunflower oil and palm oil) on vital organs of experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were fed fresh and reused edible oils - sunflower oil and palm oil (15 gm oil/100gm of feed consumed) and control group received normal food and water for a period of 8 weeks. The parameters studied include changes in physicochemical properties of reused oils, change in body weight of animals, plasma lipid profile, biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. Results: The result showed the change in physicochemical characteristics of reused oils. The animals fed with fresh and reused palm oil significant increase the body weight while reused sunflower oil fed group showed decrease significantly. The biochemical parameters, SGPT (serum glutamate–pyruvate transaminase), SGOT (serum glutamate- oxaloacetate transaminase), and ALP (alkaline phoshphatase) were increased in reused oils fed groups. The histopathological study showed the change in size of liver, heart, kidney and testes cells in reused oil groups. Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that reused sunflower oil and palm oil, can be toxic and can cause considerable damage to the vital organs of the experimental animals.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

Indicators of metabolism and biochemical status of blood in horses of Yakut breed in winter and spring seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
U. Khompodoeva ◽  
R. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

The results of researches on the peculiarities of metabolism in the body of horses of Yakut breed in the winter and spring periods under the environments of Central Yakutia have been presented in the article. Physiological experiments on the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed have been carried out in the winter (February) and spring (April) periods under the environments of the physiological yard in the Yakutsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov with using the classical method. Five mares and five geldings of Yakut breed have been selected for researches. The average live weight of mares was 378–410 kg, geldings 394–403 kg. The experimental animals had average fatness. It has been found a higher intake of energy and the main nutrients of hay as a mono feed in winter compared to the spring period. At the same time pregnant mares in winter have been consumed 103,8±3,12 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day, which was 27,3 % significantly higher than in the spring period – 75,4±2,18 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). Geldings have been consumed in the experiment 67,70±2,85 MJ, which was by 43,7 % higher than in the spring period – 38,05 ± 4,40 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day (P ≥ 0,999). Experimental animals have been housed in stalls; there was no energy expenditure for movement, so the amount of energy consumed in winter indicates the production of heat in the animal’s body. Pregnant mares per 100 kg of live weight have consumed 31,5±4,11 MJ of metabolic energy or 33,3 % more than in the spring period – 21,0±1,98 MJ; geldings have consumed 27,69±1,12, which was 41,78 % significantly higher than in the spring – 16,12 ± 0,75 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). The high intake of metabolic energy into the body of Yakut horses in winter is explained by the manifestation of adaptive mechanisms that affect the effective metabolism for survival, adapted to frequent changes in weather conditions and sharp temperature changes. The established differences in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of horses of Yakut breed are associated with changes in the consumption and digestibility of basic nutrients and energy, depending on the ambient temperature.

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