scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF FLAVONOID IN RED MULBERRY ON REDUCING FREE RADICALS AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES DUE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Dita Sukmaya Prawitasari ◽  
Indira Pradita Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals

Background. Free radicals in cigarette smoke will hurt health when they enter to the respiratory tract. An excessive increase of free radicals in the body will cause oxidative stress. Free radicals are generated physiologically by the body's metabolism and can neutralize antioxidants in the body. An imbalance number of free radicals will result in cell damage and death. It has characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde levels in the blood and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Giving red mulberry (Morus rubra) as an intake of antioxidants from outside the body can prevent adverse effects of cigarette smoke. Objective. This study analyses flavonoids' impact on red mulberry in reducing free radicals due to exposure to cigarette smoke by lowering levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages. Method. This research is experimental with a post-test control group design using male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) as experimental animals. Treatment of experimental animals through red mulberry per oral and exposure to cigarette smoke had conducted for 30 days. The parameters used were levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Results. The research showed an increase in free radicals in the group exposed to cigarette smoke. Increasing intake of red mulberry can further reduce malondialdehyde levels and the number of alveolar macrophages (p<0.05). Conclusions. The antioxidants in red mulberry can reduce malondialdehyde levels in the blood and the number of alveolar macrophages in lung tissue due to exposure to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals The time pattern of selenomethionine administration in preventing free radicals due to exposure to electric cigarette smoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi ◽  
Amelia Lorensia
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Most people believe that electric cigarettes have no negative effect on health,  which causes them to use it more. However, exposure to the smoke from these cigarettes is bad for the health and causes cell damage. Antioxidants play an important role in preventing cell damage, and they can be obtained through the oral administration of selenomethionine.Design and methods: This study used an experimental method and a post-test control group design. Male Wistar rats, which were exposed to cigarette smoke were given selenomethionine orally and then tested for the presence of free radicals. The measurement of lung tissue damage was conducted by assessing the level of malondialdehyde in the blood and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the lung tissue.Result: The study showed that differences in the time of administration of selenomethionine affect the levels of malondialdehyde in the blood and expression of malondialdehyde in the lung tissue (p<0.05). Consequently, the two groups showed a strong (r=0.861) and significant (p=0.000) relationship with each other.Conclusion: The early application of selenomethionine can prevent increased levels of malondialdehyde in the blood and lung tissue due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE DURATION TO ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKE ON DIFFERENCES IN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND MALONDIALDEHYDE IN BLOOD OF WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
RIVAN VIRLANDO SURYADINATA ◽  
BAMBANG WIRJATMADI ◽  
MERRYANA ADRIANI ◽  
SRI SUMARMI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Exposure to electronic cigarette smoke causes an increase of free radicals. Physiologically, the body produces antioxidant superoxide dismutase to neutralize the free radicals. However, an excessive increase of the free radicals will result in an imbalance between the amount of free radicals and antioxidants. The free radicals in the body can trigger lipid peroxidation so that it will result in oxidative stress causing cell damage. Malondialdehyde increase is a marker of oxidative stress in the body. The aim of this research is to understand the changes and the relationship between levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the blood due to exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. Methods: This research is an experimental study using male Wistar rats as experimental animal models. In the study, the exposure to electronic cigarette smoke with different duration of administration was carried out. Next, blood samples were taken to check the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Results: The results showed a difference in antioxidant levels between antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Meanwhile the relationship between the two groups showed a strong (r = 0.893) and significant (p = 0.000) relationship. Conclusion: The exposure to electronic cigarette smoke can reduce the level of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and increase the level of malondialdehyde in blood. In addition, changes in the levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde had a strong and significant relationship.

scholarly journals The Molecular Pathways of Lung Damage by E-Cigarette in Experimental Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Objectives: The negative health effects of electronic cigarettes remain debatable. Several studies have shown the adverse effects, but there are others who opine that electronic cigarettes are safer to use than the tobacco counterparts. There is however, a possibility that the long-term health effects, such as respiratory and even kidney function impairment are presently not obvious. The amounts of increased free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines from e-cigarettes result in various physiological disorders, which trigger cell damage, and even cell death in the body. Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze the stages of lung tissue damage caused by exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. An experimental method was used herein with a control and a experiment group of male wistar rats to assess the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, matrix metalloprotein-8, and collagen type 2. The results were obtained using immunohistochemical staining methods on alveolar macrophages through Hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining. Results: The results showed that exposure to electronic cigarette smoke caused an increase in free radicals, triggered an inflammatory process, and degraded the type 2 collagen present in the lung tissue. Conclusion: Exposure E-cigarette can cause cell damage in lung tissue Keyword: E-Cigarettes; Lung Tissue; Immunohistochemistry; Hematoxylin-Eosin.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF RED MULBERRY JUICE (MORUS RUBRA) ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN MALE WISTAR RATS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Merryana Adriani ◽  
Stefani Cornelia Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Mulberry Juice

The increasing number of tobacco users will directly impact to an increase in the number of passive smokers. Various harmful substances that enter the respiratory tract can cause health problems. The airway will recognize these substances as pathogen and activate immune response accordingly. Inflammatory response becomes one of the effects of body compensation due to an increased pathogen. This effect is indicated by the elevation of C-Reactive Protein as one systemic inflammatory response parameters in the body. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of red mulberry juice to reduce levels of C-Reactive Protein in Wistar rats because exposure to cigarette smoke. This is an experimental study with a post-test control group design. Animals were divided into negative control group, positive control group, and 3 treatment groups with different red mulberry doses. The positive control group showed the highest increase   in C-Reactive Protein levels compared with the red mulberry intake group (p<0,001). In conclusion, the administration of red mulberry juice can reduce inflammatory response in rats because of exposure to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoke Induces Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats by Decreasing The Expression of APC, MSH2 and MLH1

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dody Novrial ◽  
Ignatius Riwanto ◽  
Sutiman Bambang Sumitro ◽  
Indra Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Epithelial Morphology ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p>Colorectal carcinogenesis induced by cigarette smoke requires at least 30-40 years. This long time duration causes an animal research conducted becomes relevant. This research was carried out to observe colorectal carcinogenesis due to cigarette smoke exposure in Wistar Rat. The observations focused on changes in epithelial morphology and expression of APC, MSH2 and MLH1. Twenty male Wistar rats inbreed strain were randomly allocated into control group and experimental group exposure to cigarettes smoke for 14 weeks and 28 weeks sequentially.  Colorectal epithelial morphology was assessed on the histopathology examination, whereas the expression of APC, MSH2 and MLH1 was assessed on aspect of immunohistochemistry. The comparative analysis between the two groups was performed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Histology of colorectal epithelium showed pattern of colitis associated cancer that was significant both in 14 weeks and 28 weeks of treatment.  This research indicated negative expression of APC, MSH2 and MLH1 in the colorectal cancer that were significant at 28 weeks of exposure. This research implies that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke can induce colitis associated colorectal cancer through decreased expression of APC, MSH2 and MLH1. </p>

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SELENIUM MICRONUTRIENTS AS ANTIOXIDANTS IN EXPOSURE TO E-CIGARETTE SMOKE

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
RIVAN VIRLANDO SURYADINATA ◽  
MERRYANA ADRIANI ◽  
SANTI MARTINI ◽  
SRI SUMARMI ◽  
BAMBANG WIRJATMADI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Objective: E-cigarette products have resulted in various controversies concerning their posed impacts on health. Some argue that exposure to e-cigarette smoke could improve free radicals in the body; thus, it causes harming impacts on health. Peroral selenium (Se) administration can increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) serving as antioxidants in the body. Methods: This research is an experimental study aiming to analyze the effectiveness of Se to decrease free radical due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke as one of the preventive actions. The research was carried out to male Wistar rats with exposure to e-cigarette smoke and peroral Se intake with different time and duration of administration. Results: Research results showed a decrease of antioxidant SOD and GPx in the administration of exposure to e-cigarette smoke, and they gradually increased after Se administration (p=0.000). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde level was inversely proportional compared to antioxidant SOD and GPx. Conclusion: Se is a micronutrient that can reduce free radicals due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke through enhancement of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPx.

scholarly journals Oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in mice: impact on lung tissue and diaphragm muscle,

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta Portão de Carlos ◽  
Alexandre Simões Dias ◽  
Luiz Alberto Forgiarini Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Damiani Patricio ◽  
Thaise Graciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Value

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oxidative damage (lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], and carbonylation) and inflammation (expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin [p-AMPK and p-mTOR, respectively]) in the lung parenchyma and diaphragm muscles of male C57BL-6 mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 7, 15, 30, 45, or 60 days. METHODS: Thirty-six male C57BL-6 mice were divided into six groups (n = 6/group): a control group; and five groups exposed to CS for 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control mice, CS-exposed mice presented lower body weights at 30 days. In CS-exposed mice (compared with control mice), the greatest differences (increases) in TBARS levels were observed on day 7 in diaphragm-muscle, compared with day 45 in lung tissue; the greatest differences (increases) in carbonyl levels were observed on day 7 in both tissue types; and sulfhydryl levels were lower, in both tissue types, at all time points. In lung tissue and diaphragm muscle, p-AMPK expression exhibited behavior similar to that of TBARS. Expression of p-mTOR was higher than the control value on days 7 and 15 in lung tissue, as it was on day 45 in diaphragm muscle. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that CS exposure produces oxidative damage, not only in lung tissue but also (primarily) in muscle tissue, having an additional effect on respiratory muscle, as is frequently observed in smokers with COPD.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in Gastrointestinal Tissues of Wistar Rats Administered with Methanolic Leaf Extract of Caladium bicolor (Araceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Dayo Rotimi Omotoso ◽  
Adeniran Oluwadamilare Akinola ◽  
Ibifuro Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxic Potential

To assess the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Caladium bicolor on the histomorphology of gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals. Twenty four Wistar rats (weighing between 175-190 g) were randomly and equally divided into four groups which include one control group (CG) and three treatment groups (TG I, TG II and TG III). The CG was administered with distilled water [2 ml/kg body weight (b.w.)] while TGs I, II and III were administered with 100 ml/kg, 200 ml/kg and 300 ml/kg (b.w.) of C. bicolor extract respectively. All administrations were done orally and once daily for a period of thirty days. The body weight of all animals was recorded at the beginning and end of study. After the period of study, gastric and small intestinal tissues of experimental animals were harvested, processed, converted to tissue blocks and sectioned. Tissue sections were stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) technique. Thereafter, stained sections microscopically examined for observable histopathological changes within study tissues. The results of this study showed that exposure to C. bicolor extract causes significant (p < 0.05) body weight loss in TGs I-III compared to CG. In addition, prominent histopathological changes were observed in gastrointestinal tissues of experimental animals in TGs I-III including gastric mucosal surface erosion and intestinal villi degeneration compared to normal gastrointestinal histomorphology of CG animals. These histopathological changes may be associated with toxic effect of phytochemicals constituents of the extract. Therefore, its application for therapeutic purposes needs to be thoroughly re-validated or perhaps disallowed where alternative therapeutic agents with minimal toxic potential exist.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol 90% terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Mencit Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

ALCHEMY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Adi Prayitno ◽  
Joni Kusnadi ◽  
Erni Sofia Muritni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mda Content

<pre>Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals which cause human body organs damage when it is exposed. Cigarette smoke as a medium that causes oxidative stress that has the potential to cause oxidative damage. In addition, cigarette smoke also has potency to reduce SOD (Superoxide dismutase) levels and increase MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels especially in lung tissue. To control or prevent the presence of free radicals in the body, antioxidant compounds are needed by the body. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the extract of red betle on SOD and MDA content of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Red betle was extracted by maceration using ethanol. The exposed mice were treated with red betle extract for 14 days. Lung tissue of the mice was analyzed SOD and MDA conentrations. The results showed that SOD levels tend to increase and decrease MDA levels in mice test animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The optimal dose to decrease MDA levels and increase SOD is 230.4 mg/g weight/day. Histopatology result showed there is different figure of lung tissue (alveoli) before and after red betle extract treatment.</pre><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><p class="BodyAbstract">Asap rokok adalah sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya organ dalam tubuh manusia apabila terpapar. Asap rokok sebagai media penyebab terjadinya stress oksidatif yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif. Selain itu, asap rokok juga berpotensi dalam menurukan kadar SOD  (Superoksida Dismutase) dan meningkatkan kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) terutama pada jaringan paru. Untuk mengendalikan atau mencegah adanya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh maka senyawa antioksidan dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah terhadap kadar SOD dan MDA mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Daun sirih merah diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Mencit yang telah dipapar asap rokok diberi perlakuan ekstrak selama 14 hari. Jaringan paru-paru dianalisis kadar MDA dan SOD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar SOD cenderung mengalami peningkatan dan kadar MDA mengalami penurunan pada hewan uji mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Dosis yang paling optimal untuk menurunkan kadar MDA dan menaikan SOD adalah dosis 230,4 mg/g bb/hari. Hasil histopatologi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan gambaran jaringan paru-paru (alveoli) sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ekstrak.</p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p>

scholarly journals EFEK EKSTRAK MELON (Cucumis melo) dan GliadinTERHADAP KADAR Hb DAN HbCO TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIPAPAR ASAP ROKOK

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Yuyun Erlina Susanti ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The exposure of cigarette smoke produce CO bond in hemoglobin. Melon (Cucumis melo) and gliadin contains of antioxidants that prevent tissue damage. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference of hemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin concentration in male Wistar rats were exposed  to cigarette smoke and had been treated melon extract (Cucumis melo) and gliadin. The study was a laboratory experimental design, using Post Test Control Group Design Research and RAL method (Complete Randomize Design). The sample in this study were 25 male Wistar rats aged 3 months. The research was divided into 5 groups with 5 different treatment : control group, the treatment group were given exposure to cigarette smoke, the treatment group were given of cigarette smoke exposure and melon extract (Cucumis melo) and gliadin dose of 3 IU / day, 4.5 IU / day, and 9 IU / day.The subject were divided into 5 groups each treated for 28 day. The sample size used Federer formula. The collection of data was obtained from the results of laboratory tests to hemoglobin and Carboxyhemoglobin. Hb and HbCO data collected and analyzed by Manova test at 95% confidence level. The results showed significant difference in average Hb and HbCO concentration (p-value = 0.000) between male Wistar rats treated and not treated with melon extract (Cucumis melo) and gliadin. Melon extract has an effect on the decline of HbCO concentration due to exposure to cigarette smoke.Keywords:smoke, melon extract, Hb, HbCO

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