scholarly journals THE RATIONALITY OF ANTIBIOTICS THERAPY TOWARD CHILDREN WITH TYPHOID FEVER AT M.M. DUNDA HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Teti Sutriyati Tuloli ◽  
Dewi R Moo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Impaired Consciousness

Objectives: Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease in the small intestine caused by Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (Salmonella typhi) having the symptoms of fever a week or more with impairment of the gastrointestinal tract with or without impaired consciousness. The purpose of this study was to determine the rationality of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients at M.M Dunda Limboto Hospital.Methods: This research belongs to non-experimental descriptive with retrospective data retrieval. The data used were obtained from 83 medical records of childhood typhoid patients during 6 months (June–November 2016) at the regional general hospital of M.M Dunda Limboto. These data were analyzed using the Gyssens criteria.Results: The results showed that the most antibiotics used by physicians were ceftriaxone 39% of the use of antibiotic quality which was category IIB 9%, category IIA 13%, and category 0 (rational) 52%.Conclusion: The rationality of antibiotic therapy in children with typhoid fever at M.M Dunda Limboto Hospital was 52% of the most antibiotics used, i.e. ceftriaxone (39%). 

scholarly journals Restaurant-associated outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Nauru: an epidemiological and cost analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. OLSEN ◽  
B. KAFOA ◽  
N. S. S. WIN ◽  
M. JOSE ◽  
W. BIBB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Index Cases

Typhoid fever is endemic in the South Pacific. We investigated an outbreak in Nauru. Through interviews and medical records, we identified 50 persons with onset between 1 October 1998 and 10 May 1999, of fever lasting [ges ]3 days and one other symptom. Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 19 (38%) cases. Thirty-two (64%) patients were school-aged children, and 17 (34%) were in four households. Case-control studies of (a) culture-confirmed cases and age- and neighbourhood-matched controls; and (b) household index cases and randomly selected age-matched controls implicated two restaurants: Restaurant M (matched OR [MOR] = 11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1·3–96) and Restaurant I (MOR = 5·8, 95% CI = 1·2–29). Food-handlers at both restaurants had elevated anti-Vi antibody titres indicative of carrier state. The annual incidence was 5·0/l000 persons. Outbreak-associated costs were $46000. Routine or emergency immunization campaigns targeting school-aged children may help prevent or control outbreaks of typhoid fever in endemic disease areas.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PAKAR UNTUK MENDIAGNOSIS DEMAM TIFOID DAN SARAN PENANGGULANGANNYA

JURTEKSI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Fauriatun Helmiah ◽  
Nur Wati ◽  
Dewi Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Backward Chaining ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Human Digestive Tract

Abstarct: Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease that occurs in the human digestive tract (especially the small intestine) caused by salmonella tyhpi, in different phases the bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and even to the human bones. So with this disease detection needs to be done since. This research builds an expert system to diagnose typhoid fever with a backward chaining method with an inference process so that it can be used to produce disease diagnoses based on perceived symptoms and provide appropriate solutions. Keywords : Expert System, Backward Chaining, Thypoid Fever  Abstrak: Demam Tifoid adalah penyakit infeksi akut yang terjadi pada saluran perncernaan manusia (terutama usus halus) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri salmonella tyhpi, pada fase berbeda bakteri dapat menyebar ke aliran darah bahkan ke tulang manusia. Maka dengan ini perlu pendeteksian penyakit sejak ini. Penelitian ini membangun sistem pakar untuk mendiagnosis penyakit demam tifoid dengan metode backward chaining dengan proses inferensi agar dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan diagnosa penyakit berdasarkan gejala yang dirasakan serta memberikan solusi yang tepat. Kata kunci: Sistem Pakar, Backward Chaining, Demam Tifoid..  

PERBEDAAN SENSITIVITAS TERAPI ANTIBIOTIK DENGAN EKSTRAK CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
C. A. Anhar ◽  
Susie Amilah
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Earthworm Lumbricus

Typhoid disease is an acute systemic disease affecting the small intestine caused by Salmonella typhi. Treatment of tifodic fever can be done by medical or traditional means. One way of medical weighting is with antibiotic therapy. However, this time encouraged the existence of traditional medicine using earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. This study aims to determine the difference in sensitivity between antibiotic therapy with earthworm extract of Lumbricus rubellus in inhibiting Salmonella typhi growth in vitro. This research was experimental with bacterium isolate Salmonella typhi 0.5 Mc. Farland with Lumbricus rubellus earthworm extract in the form of infusa 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90% and various antibiotics that is Ampsisilin, Amoxicilin- Clavulanic acid, Cefuroxime, Chloramphenicol, Trimetophim, Sulfamethoxazole, Ceftriaxone, Meropenem, Cefotaxim, Levoflaxacin, Ceftazidim, and Cefepime were tested using the diffusion method. Observations were made by calculating the drag zone diameter in Mueller Hinton media. The results showed that there were significant differences between Lumbricus rubellus earthworm extract and antibiotic therapy, whereas in all concentrations of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm extract were resistant, whereas in all antibiotics were sensitive to Levoflaxacin type which had a large inhibitory diameter of 34 mm.   Keywords: Typhoid Fever, Salmonella typhi, Lumbricus rubellus Earthworm Extract, Antibiotic Therapy.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KUALITATIF PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN METODE GYSSENS DI RSUD KARAWANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Diany Astuti ◽  
Yuli Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Inappropriate Use

ABSTRAK             Peresepan antibiotik untuk pasien anak-anak paling banyak digunakan dalam terapi. Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk anak-anak harus diawasi dan dikendalikan karena penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak terkontrol dan tidak tepat dapat berdampak pada kegagalan efek terapi yang diharapkan dan kemungkinan dapat meyebabkan resistensi antimikroba.  Pemakaian antibiotik harus dianalisis untuk mengendalikan resistensi antibiotik.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai rasionalitas terapi antibiotik pada pasien anak. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis deskriptif retrospektif dengan pengambilan data purposive sampling. Subjek dari penelitian adalah rekam medis dari bangsal anak RSUD Karawang. Rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik adalah penilaian melalui metode gyssens. 147 data dianalisis untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari anak laki-laki (54,40%) dan perempuan (45,60%) dengan kasus demam tifoid (53,10), diare (24,5%) dan bronkopneumonia (22,4%). Antibiotik yang digunakan sefotaksim (71,43%), amoksisilin (5,44%) dan kloramfenikol (4,76%). Penilaian antibiotik melalui metode Gyssens adalah skala IVA (93,20%), skala IIB (6,12%) dan skala IIIA (0,68%). Kata Kunci: Antibiotik, Rasionalitas, Metode Gyssens.   ABSTRACT             Antibiotics prescription for pediatric patients is most widely used in therapy. Antibiotic use for pediatric must be watched and controlled because uncontrolled and inappropriate use of antibiotic can impact on failure of expected therapeutic effect and can also cause the possibility of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic consumption is must analyzed for controlling the antibiotics resistance. The aim of study The aim of this study was to assess the rationality of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients. This research is a retrospective descriptive analysis with purposive data sampling. Subject of study are medical record from pediatric ward in RSUD Karawang. Rationality used of antibiotic is asses through Gyssens method. 147 data was analyzed for this study consist of boys (54,40%) and girls (45,60%) with case of typhoid  fever (53,10), diarrhea (24,5%) and bronchopneumonia (22,4%). Antibiotic was use Cefotaxime (71,43%), Amoxicillin (5,44%), Chloramphenicol (4,76%)etc.  Assessment  antibiotic through Gyssens method are IVA scale (93,20%), IIB scale ( 6,12%) and IIIA scale (0,68%). Keyword : Antibiotic, Rationality, Gyssens Method.

scholarly journals DEMAM TIFOID: MANIFESTASI KLINIS, PILIHAN TERAPI DAN PANDANGAN DALAM ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Yelvi Levani ◽  
Aldo Dwi Prastya
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
First Line ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
First Line Treatment

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the digestive system caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi. Typhoid fever is a global infectious disease in which an estimated 26.9 million cases of typhoid fever are found worldwide. Typhoid fever is especially common in developing countries because it is associated with poor sanitation. Clinical manifestations of typhoid fever that arise can vary from mild to severe symptoms. Symptoms of typhoid fever that are often found are fever, malaise, abdominal pain and constipation. Culture examination is a gold standard examination in establishing the diagnosis of typhoid fever. But this examination is rarely done. The first-line treatment option for typhoid fever is chloramphenicol. However, as the bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol increases, the main therapeutic choice for typhoid fever is the fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

scholarly journals TYPHOID FEVER

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Abid Naeem ◽  
Subtain-Ul-Hassan Abid ◽  
Muhammad Huzaifa Abid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The World ◽  
Contaminated Food

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi, is the most common gastrointestinalinfectious disease affecting all over the world particularly in Asia where more than 13 millionspeoples are affected. Six hundred thousand (600.0000) death occur annually all over the world.1Nearly eighty percent (80%) occur in Asia. The main source of infection is contaminated food, waterand poor hygiene. Monotherapy, emerging drug resistance and long duration drug treatmentis further complicating the problem.2 Approach to combination antibiotic therapy and shortestduration of treatment is needed. Period: January 2016 to June 2016. Objectives: To determinethe outcome of combination versus mono anti-biotic therapy in typhoid fever. Study Design:A prospective descriptive study. Place of Study: Mohi-Ud-Din Teaching Hospital Mirpur AJK.Results: Among 138 patients, the relapse rate was high in patients treated with monotherapyas compared combination therapy. Conclusion: Relapse is more common in ciprofloxacin andceftriaxone groups. Among combination therapy, (ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone,) relapse wasless common. When relapsed patients were retreated with combination therapy, the patientswere completely cured.

scholarly journals TYPHOID PERFORATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
SHAUKAT ALI ◽  
ABDUL SATTAR ◽  
MUHAMMAD AMJAD AMIN
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Primary Closure ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Surgical Unit

Introduction:- Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium salmonella typhi. Thespread of infection is usually by an oro-fecal route. Food handlers are a major source of spread in developed countries.In undeveloped countries like ours, contamination of drinking water and edibles are the major source. Infected shellfishare occasionally a source of an outbreak. Objectives To review the present practice of managing patients with typhoidperforation and comparison between the primary closure and exteriorization. Setting Surgical Unit-II, Nishtar Hospital,Multan. Duration Two years. Patients and methods Sample size 50 patients. Results:- A total of 50 patients werefinalized for the analysis. There were 14 females and 36 males (1:2.5). The age ranged from 18 years to 35 years, themean age was 28 years. In patient who underwent ileostomy, death occurred in 3 cases (10%). Most of the patientsbelonged to low socioeconomic class. Delay in reaching the hospital was significant for several reasons includingtransportation and pretreatment at peripheral private hospitals. 46 patients presented after 48 hours of perforation(92%). Conclusion:- In cases with good reserves and earlier hospitalization primary repair is certainly the procedureof choice

EVALUASI RASIONALITAS PENGOBATAN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS PELAMBUAN BANJAR MASIN TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Saftia Aryzki ◽  
Noor Aisyah ◽  
Hesti Hutami ◽  
Besty Wahyusari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dose Patient

Irrational use of drugs is still found in Puskesmas which is the First Level Health Facilities. The use of irrational drugs based on appropriate drugs and precise indications. In the use of various types of drugs there may be an irrationality of treatment, one of which is hypertension.This study aims to determine the antihypertensive drugs used in Pelambuan Puskesmas Banjarmasin and to determine the percentage of rationality of hypertension treatment at Pelambuan Puskesmas Banjarmasin. evaluating the rationale for the use of antihypertensive drugs that include the accuracy of indication, drug, dose, patient, mode of administration, and duration of administration in hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Pelambuan Banjarmasin during 2017. This type of research was descriptive non-experimental research with retrospective data retrieval based on medical records of hypertensive patients in 2017. The population in this study amounted to 333 medical records and the number of samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria as much as 37 medical records. The tools / instruments in this study were observation sheets and interview sheets. The results of the research on antihypertensive drugs used in Pelambuan Banjarmasin Health Center were amlodipine, nifedipine, captopril, lisinopril. The results of the evaluation of the rationality of the use of antihypertensive drugs were seen based on the exact indication criteria as many as 18 patients (48,65%), right medication as many as 18 patients (48,65%), right dose of 17 patients (45,95%), right patients as many as 33 patients (89,19%), the exact method of administration was 31 patients (83,79%), and the exact duration of administration was 22 patients (59,46%).

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness Analysis Using Antibiotics of Cefixime and Cefotaxime for Diarrhea Patients at X Hospital in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Gayatri Citraningtyas ◽  
Ranny Inggrid Ruru ◽  
Amelia Nalang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Ratio ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Bowel Movements

Diarrhea is a disease characterized by a change in the shape and consistency of stools, from soft to liquid, and increased frequency of bowel movements, which happen three times or more in a day. Different use of antibiotics by patients results in patient’s medical cost increase. The use of expensive antibiotics does not guarantee the effectiveness of patient care, therefore a research needs to be done to determine which antibiotic therapy is more cost effective between cefixime and cefotaxime antibiotics in hospitalized diarrhea patients in X hospital. This research was descriptive research with retrospective data retrieval. This research was conducted at Medical Record Installation and  Fund mobilization department of X hospital from November 2017 - Maret 2018. The samples in this study were 42 patients with 21 patients using Cefixime and 21 patients were using an Cefotaxime. Data was analyzed descriptively in table form. The results showed that the more cost-effective therapy between Cefixime and Cefotaxime in the treatment of diarrhea in X hospital was therapy with Cefixime antibiotic, which can be seen from ACER (Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) Cefixime Rp. 323.428,14/day compared with Cefotaxime ACER value of Rp. 477.180,26/day for each increase in effectiveness. The lowest ICER value on Cefixime was Rp. -50.565,8.-

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