scholarly journals LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS: AN OVERVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
KANAAN AL-TAMEEMI ◽  
RAIAAN KABAKLI
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sexual Disability

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a tropical disease caused by infection with the parasitic filarial worms: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. The symptoms of this chronic disease appear in adults (in men more than in women) and include damage to the lymphatic system, arms, legs, and genitals, which cause significant pain, reducing productivity, and social problems. LF is a cause of continued disability, pain, disfigurement, and sexual disability in the world, so the knowledge of the disease and the infection control is very important. In addition to the importance of prevention, that includes giving medicine and using controlling ways of mosquitoes. Moreover, the prevention of disease is important, that includes giving medicine and using controlling ways of mosquitoes. However, although the efforts of health organizations to reduce the LF infections, there are still many challenges including the early diagnosis and control of infection among people.

scholarly journals Filariasis Limfatik di Kelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Filariasis limfatik masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, khususnya di Kota Pekalongan. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin meningkatnya angka mikrofilaria dan perluasan daerah dengan kasus filariasis limfatik.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui situasi filariasis limfatik diKelurahan Pabean Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian ini meliputi penduduk dan agent, dalam periode sekitar enam bulan (Juli-Desember 2007) dengan disain studi cross sectional. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis, survei darah jari dan identifikasi parasit penyebab filariasis limfatik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka mikrofilaria (3,4) angka kesakitan akut filaria (0,4 %) yang tinggi, tetapi angka kesakitan kronis filaria rendah (0,00 %). Parasit penyebabfilariasis di Kelurahan Pabean adalah jenis Wuchereria bancrofti dengan kepadatan rerata mikrofilaria yang tinggi. Pengendalian filariasis limfatik di Kelurahan Pabean perlu dilakukan dengan pengobatan massal dan perubahan perilaku masyarakat.Kata kunci : Filariasis limfatik, kelurahan pabean, mikrofilaria.AbstractLymphatic filariasis is still being a public health problem in Indonesia, especially in Pekalongan district. This problem marked by the increasing rate of microfilaria and areas with lymphatic filariasis. The aim of this study is to know the epidemiologic situation of lymphatic filariasis in Pabean village Pekalongan district. The research was a cross-sectional design and covered host and agent within the period of July-Desember 2007. Data were collected through clinical survey of acute and chronic filariasis symptoms, blood survey and identification of lymphatic filariasis parasite. The result showed that microfilaremia rate was 3,4%, acute disease rate (ADR) 0,4 % and the chronic disease rate (CDR) 0,00 %. The average of microfilaria density in 1 ml blood was 465,63. Based onmicrofilaremia identification in the blood, the lymphatic filariasis agent in Pabean village is Wuchereria bancrofti type. Lymphatic filariasis control in Pabean village need to focused on Mass Drug Administration (MDA) and community behavior for healthy life.Key words : Lymphatic filariasis, pabean village, microfilaria.

scholarly journals Basic Knowledge on Leprosy: A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-349
Author(s):  
Chamodika Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Serious Disease

Leprosy is a chronic disease which is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium leprae bacterium and leads to neurological consequences. Regardless of its slow progressiveness, it is an exceptionally serious disease that is continuing to be a challenging health problem around the world. Early diagnosis and treatment is much important in controlling Leprosy. Already published articles and books on Leprosy have been studied and summarized in this review to present a basic understanding on pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Leprosy

The LYMFASIM Simulation Program for Modeling Lymphatic Filariasis and its Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subramanian ◽  
P. K. Das ◽  
W. Souza ◽  
T. Lapa ◽  
A. F. Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract:The LYMFASIM modeling framework for the transmission and control of the tropical parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis is described and its use in the context of an endemic community in north-eastern Brazil is illustrated. Lymphatic filariasis is a disease with a complex natural history with many unknowns. This complicates decision making with respect to control strategies. With LYMFASIM, a variety of hypotheses can be tested about the life history of the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, its transmission from man to man through mosquitoes, the role of the immune system in regulating parasite numbers, the development of disease symptoms, and the effects of control measures (drug treatment or mosquito control). The implications of alternative assumptions and uncertainty about the quantification of parameters for the effectiveness of control strategies can be investigated. Thanks to the use of stochastic microsimulation, LYMFASIM is highly flexible and can be adapted and extended as new knowledge emerges.

scholarly journals Review of Dancing Parasites in Lymphatic Filariasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. E65-E74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph F. Dietrich ◽  
Nitin Chaubal ◽  
Achim Hoerauf ◽  
Kerstin Kling ◽  
Markus Schindler Piontek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
The World ◽  
Pulsed Wave Doppler

AbstractLymphatic filariasis is an infection transmitted by blood-sucking mosquitoes with filarial nematodes of the species Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi und B. timori. It is prevalent in tropical countries throughout the world, with more than 60 million people infected and more than 1 billion living in areas with the risk of transmission. Worm larvae with a length of less than 1 mm are transmitted by mosquitoes, develop in human lymphatic tissue to adult worms with a length of 7–10 cm, live in the human body for up to 10 years and produce millions of microfilariae, which can be transmitted further by mosquitoes. The adult worms can be easily observed by ultrasonography because of their size and fast movements (the so-called “filarial dance sign”), which can be differentiated from other movements (e. g., blood in venous vessels) by their characteristic movement profile in pulsed-wave Doppler mode. Therapeutic options include (combinations of) ivermectin, albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and doxycycline. The latter depletes endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria from the worms and thus sterilizes and later kills the adult worms (macrofilaricidal or adulticidal effect).

scholarly journals Primary retroperitoneal filariasis: a common disease of tropics with uncommon presentation and review of literature

2018 ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-226217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Diwakar ◽  
Nikita Wadhwani ◽  
Nikhil Prasad ◽  
Ashwani Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
North India ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
Retroperitoneal Cyst ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Retroperitoneal ◽  
Common Manifestation

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by nematode filariaeWuchereria bancrofti,Brugia malayiorBrugia timori.It is commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and affects the lymphatic system of humans, who are the definitive host while mosquito is the intermediate host. The most common manifestation of the disease is hydrocele followed by lower limb lymphoedema and elephantiasis. Although filariasis is much more common entity in north India, its presentation as retroperitoneal cyst is very rare with reported incidence rate of 1/105 000. We present a case of primary retroperitoneal filariasis in a 52-year-old man, without any classic signsandsymptoms, diagnosed postoperatively after surgical resection following diagnostic uncertaintyandfailure of other medical therapies.

scholarly journals Candida auris: A Review of Recommendations for Detection and Control in Healthcare Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego H. Caceres ◽  
Kaitlin Forsberg ◽  
Rory M. Welsh ◽  
David Joseph Sexton ◽  
Shawn R. Lockhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Since first reported in 2009, C. auris has caused healthcare outbreaks around the world, often involving high mortality. Identification of C. auris has been a major challenge as many common conventional laboratory methods cannot accurately detect it. Early detection and implementation of infection control practices can prevent its spread. The aim of this review is to describe recommendations for the detection and control of C. auris in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Prevention, Control and Safety of Health Care Providers during COVID-19: A Review Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandiz Moslehi ◽  
Gholamreza Masoumi ◽  
Morteza Rostamian ◽  
Fahimeh Barghi Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Infection prevention, control, and health workers’ safety in the face of biological agents are among the vital issues in healthcare systems across the world. Considering the high prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the world and its high mortality rate, this epidemic can be tackled to some extent through infection control in the general population and promoting the safety of health centers. This study aims to scrutinize the literature in terms of measures adopted for infection control and safety of healthcare workers in health centers during COVID-19.Methods: We searched key words related to the study namely, “prevention and control”, “safety”, “coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, and “health personnel” in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus databases, Google Scholar, and also in Persian data bases such as SID, Magiran, Irandoc, and Iran Medex using AND/OR functions. To select the documents, the titles of the retrieved studies were first evaluated for relevance; then, the abstracts and full texts of the papers with relevant titles were inspected. Results: Out of 136 retrieved studies, 10 were relevant and their data were analyzed. Four of the articles highlighted the importance of prevention, three enunciated the importance control and three of them related to care providers’ safety. The results showed that the COVID-19 epidemic has affected the healthcare providers’ health; however, it is possible to prevent a catastrophe through strategic planning, prevention and control measures. Conclusions: Considering the importance of the healthcare workers’ health, it is necessary to implement COVID-19 prevention and control management principles according to scientific evidence.

scholarly journals LYMFASIM, a simulation model for predicting the impact of lymphatic filariasis control: quantification for African villages

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (13) ◽  
pp. 1583-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILMA A. STOLK ◽  
SAKE J. DE VLAS ◽  
GERARD J. J. M. BORSBOOM ◽  
J. DIK F. HABBEMA
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Treatment Trends ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYLYMFASIM is a simulation model for lymphatic filariasis transmission and control. We quantified its parameters to simulate Wuchereria bancrofti transmission by Anopheles mosquitoes in African villages, using a wide variety of reported data. The developed model captures the general epidemiological patterns, but also the differences between communities. It was calibrated to represent the relationship between mosquito biting rate and the prevalence of microfilariae (mf) in the human population, the age-pattern in mf prevalence, and the relation between mf prevalence and geometric mean mf intensity. Explorative simulations suggest that the impact of mass treatment depends strongly on the mosquito biting rate and on the assumed coverage, compliance and efficacy. Our sensitivity analysis showed that some biological parameters strongly influence the predicted equilibrium pre-treatment mf prevalence (e.g. the lifespan of adult worms and mf). Other parameters primarily affect the post-treatment trends (e.g. severity of density dependence in the mosquito uptake of infection from the human blood, between-person variability in exposure to mosquito bites). The longitudinal data, which are being collected for evaluation of ongoing elimination programmes, can help to further validate the model. The model can help to assess when ongoing elimination activities in African populations can be stopped and to design surveillance schemes. It can be a valuable tool for decision making in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

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