scholarly journals Семь десятилетий ойратоведения в КНР (1949‒2019 гг.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1536
Author(s):  
Na. Alatengaoqier ◽  
◽  
Baazr A. Bicheev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Further Development

Introduction. Historically, the Oirats of China mainly live in the territory of Xinjiang, in the provinces of Qinghai, Gansu, and in the Western part of Inner Mongolia. Some of the Olets (descendants of Dzungars) live in the steppe part of the Emin Gol of the Hulun Buir Aimag of Inner Mongolia, in Fuyu County of Heilongjiang Province, and in Chengdu, Hebei Province. In the modern historical science of China, until the mid-20th century the Oirats were not distinguished from the bulk of China’s Mongols, and, consequently, their history, culture and language were not subjects of individual studies. Only after its formation in 1949, Chinese Oirat studies started gaining visible features as an important part of Mongolian studies and the historical science of China as a whole. At the same time, Oirat studies as a historical direction were created by several generations of scientists of different nationalities (Han Chinese, Mongols, and Oirats themselves). Goals. The article aims to provide a general overview and scientific analysis of the formation and development of Oirat studies in China over the past seven decades (1949–2019), and to identify the historical paradigm of conducted researches and prospects of further development. Methods. The main research method is historical and chronological analysis. Despite Oirat studies have been existing as an integral part of Mongolian science for seven decades, no analysis of its historical development was ever carried out. Results. This work fills the gap and highlights the most important achievements in the study of China-based Oirats’ history and culture. A prominent attention in this study is given to the materials of ten scientific conferences that have the status of ‘all-China’ ones and were devoted to the study of the history and culture of the Oirats, as well as the scientific journal ‘Barayun mongyol sudul’ (‘Journal of Western Mongolian Studies’), which plays an important role in the development and determination of promising areas of Oirat studies. Conclusion. The analysis of Oiratological research over the past seven decades has revealed the historical paradigm of Oirat studies and prospects for their further development.

scholarly journals DISORIENTASI PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Hasan Basri
Keyword(s):  
School Culture ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Will ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changing Schools ◽  
Further Development

Madrasah in the Middle East has known eight or nine centuries before madrasah in Indonesia, which emerged as a reaction to the reform movement as well as a response to the policy of Dutch colonizers secular education. Madrasah got a decent place in Indonesia after rising SKB 3 minister (Minister of Interior, Minister of Education and Culture, and the Minister of Religious Affairs) in 1975, where madrasas equated with other schools in terms of the status of the diploma, graduates continuing education opportunities and changing schools. In a further development, the school as disoriented. It is caused by two things: first, a paradigm shift towards sekularistik. Education implementation has marred even be interpreted as a partial instead of a holistic paradigm as desired by Islam. Supposedly, the madrasa education as a whole should make Islam as a principle in the determination of educational objectives, the formulation of the curriculum and standard of value of science and the learning process, including determining the qualifications of teachers and school culture that will be developed in the madrasas. Second, the functional institutional weakness as a result of shifting the orientation and function of the family and their influence and societal demands materialistic-hedonistic.The weakness seen in a mess madrasa curriculum, not optimal role of teachers as well as school culture that is not in line with the will of Islam.

scholarly journals PROFILING OF ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY SCRIPTS USED FOR ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION OF MASJID IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumahiran Kamarudin ◽  
Ziad Baydoun ◽  
Nik Ahmed Mazlan Nik Mahidin
Keyword(s):  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Architecture Style ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

In Malaysia, the introduction of the Islamic calligraphy, especially after the spread of Islam in the 14th century has impacted on the further development of decorative art in the built environment. While Islamic calligraphy has witnessed significant developments in the past decades, it still lacks a profiling classification system of calligraphy scripts that give impact to the contemporary mosque. The objectives of the study are to analyse the visual qualities of the calligraphy scripts in the mosque components and its compositional categories and to determine the relationship between the calligraphy placement and the mosque architecture within the interior and exterior fabrics of the buildings. This research involved an analytical review of the Islamic calligraphy found in the 10 selected mosques in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and their depiction in various components. Face-to-face interviews with the mosque authorities and local calligraphers on the types and styles of scripts used in the mosque components were conducted as a complementary measure to the analytical method. The analysis reveals the application of cursive and angular style of scripts, fabricated in specified shapes, sizes and dimensions of the mosque components. Selection and depiction of calligraphy, especially in Thuluth and Kufi scripts suggest their strong preference to the traditional major styles ranging from its composition to the determination of its positional layout regardless of differences in the mosque architecture style.

scholarly journals Study of psychological time dynamics at the age of youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Valentina I. Volokhova ◽  
Marina I. Koshenova ◽  
Denis M. Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents the current trends analysis of research into the psychological time of personality in foreign and domestic psychology, justified the need to study the dynamics of psychological time at the period of youth at conditional points of bifurcation associated with the forced need to make personal choices: in early and late youth. The reasonability of investigating the relationship of psychological time with personal identity as a predictor of self-realisation or maladaptation of personality at the stage of youth is shown. The pilot study presented in this work is aimed at identifying differences in the content characteristics and structure of psychological time in early and late youth. The ascertaining experiment was conducted with two groups (the total number of participants is 50 people). Diagnostic toolkit: the technique of F. Zimbardo on the time perspective (ZTPI), adapted by A. Syrtsova, the technique Time Experience Scale by E.I. Golovakhi, A.A. Kronik, as well as the technique Identity Status according to Marcia in the modification of the questionnaire G. and R. Aminev. Methods of mathematical statistics: t-Students criterion for independent samples and Pearsons index of linear correlation. The data obtained in the pilot study made it possible to draw conclusions that 1) the meaningful characteristics of psychological time in different periods of youth are not identical, 2) the characteristics of psychological time significantly correlate with the status of personality identity, and such a relationship is more important precisely in the period of early adolescence. The obtained data provided an opportunity to clarify the further direction of research and to outline the necessary ways of psychological support of the person during his youth in the conditions of modern social reality. For the prevention of maladaptation and destructive realization of the personality in the period of youth, targeted work is proposed with the psychological time of the personality, with the adoption of the past and the planning of the future, the determination of priorities, goal setting and the formation of temporal competence.

The Petrological Investigation of Roman and Islamic Ceramics from Cyrenaica

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Scientific Analysis

The methodology of Mediterranean pottery study (for all periods, but especially for the Roman period) has developed considerably over the past fifteen years, and the range of questions asked of it has been greatly extended. Alongside the traditional approach to pottery studies, which concentrates on typology and chronology, there has been an increasing emphasis on the characterization and determination of the origin of pottery using scientific methods, and also a growing awareness of the importance of pottery quantification (i.e. expressing the relative frequency of different pottery types or styles).It is as a result of these latter two developments that coarse, functional wares can now be used convincingly to complement and greatly extend the economic information provided by fine, decorative wares. Cyrenaica has been in the fore-front of this research (see summary in Humphrey 1979), and it is the purpose of this article to provide a preliminary examination of one aspect, namely the contribution of petrological analysis to our understanding of Cyrenaican local pottery fabrics, and of coarse ware imports.Before a satisfactory typology of pottery from any area can be established, and before that pottery can be used most effectively as evidence for the resolution of economic problems, it is essential that the local fabrics should be recognised. Although visual classification of pottery fabric types is often possible on the basis of subjective factors such as general appearance, texture, hardness, nature of inclusions, etc. (as described in Young in press), there are often problems when attempting to establish their origin. This is normally best done by scientific analysis, using either geological or chemical techniques. It is rapidly becoming the routine practice to analyse fabrics, in the first instance, by geological methods (to identify the major inclusions within the clay), and then, if necessary, by chemical methods (which analyse the elemental composition of the clay).

scholarly journals Bottoms-up! Rejecting Top-down Human-centered Approaches in Comparative Psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn Eaton ◽  
Robert Hutton ◽  
Jessica Leete ◽  
Jennifer Lieb ◽  
Audrey Robeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Psychology ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Further Development

Although comparative psychologists have made considerable strides in the past several decades, expanding the breadth of species and questions examined, the field still suffers from an overemphasis on top-down approaches that begin and end with a focus on humans. This top-down perspective leads to biases and oversights that hamper the further development of the field. A bottom-up approach that considers species-specific abilities and behaviors in the context of theoretically relevant comparisons will be most useful in advancing knowledge of species-specific and shared abilities. This will allow a better determination of the extent to which continuities and discontinuities exist as a function of different ecological forces. In addition, a bottom-up approach will facilitate a shift in focus from using animals to better understand humans, to understanding animals themselves. This new approach will allow for an appreciation of how humans can benefit other species.

Versatile Impact of Serum Proteins on Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Properties - Opportunities and Obstacles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mazuryk ◽  
Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Polypyridyl Complexes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ru Complexes ◽  
Further Development

Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have been extensively studied for the past few decades as promising anticancer agents. Despite the expected intravenous route of administration, the interaction between Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds and serum proteins is not well characterized and vast majority of the available literature data concerns determination of the binding constant. Ru-protein adducts can modify the biological effects of the Ru complexes influencing their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity as well as introduce significant changes in their photophysical properties. More extensive research on the interaction between serum proteins and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes is important for further development of Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds towards their application in anticancer therapy and diagnostics and can open new opportunities for already developed complexes.

scholarly journals National Industry 4.0 Platforms in the Visegrad 4 Countries – A Comparison with the Frontrunner Digital Economies in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Áron Gyimesi
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Based on the international digitization indexes, the development level of digitalization in the Visegrad Four (V4) countries is similar in many respects. The status of the recent digital developments is comparable in results and in deficits also. These economies have similar inescapable paths in the past and further development opportunities in the future. The economic success of these four countries greatly depends on the transformation of their economic structures, mainly by utilizing digitalization. This study compares the approaches, activities and initiatives of the national Industry 4.0 platforms of the V4 countries that promote and support the digital transformation on the national strategic level. The study also highlights the results that have already been achieved by the members of the European Quartet. These four countries have reached good results in digital infrastructure investments. Meanwhile, they are left behind in skillsets, education and adoption of companies, regarding their digital transformation. Beside the direct comparison of the four Industry 4.0 platforms, the study extends the research to three of the Frontrunner countries of the EU in digitalization, namely to Austria, Germany, Sweden, to understand the best practices they use and actions they take regarding the digitalization. The paper formulates guidelines for defining competitive policies and techniques for accelerating the digitalization of the V4 economies. The study lists the pain points of the V4 digitalization and makes suggestions on recoveries, mainly on the field of the potential involvement of companies and the financing of the national I40 platforms.

scholarly journals Fifty years of Bryology in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Delgadillo-Moya
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Potential Use

Background: Mexican botanists were not involved in bryophyte research fifty years ago; only four small floristic contributions were published between 1942-1958. Questions: What has been learned in the last fifty years? How many bryophytes are there in Mexico? What are the contributions by Mexican scientists? Studied species: Bryophyte flora. Study site and dates: Mexico, between 1942-2021. Methods:  Bibliographic compilations were used to revise the status of bryophyte research in Mexico. Data for the last fifty years cited there and in an updated version of Latmoss served to determine the current knowledge of Mexican bryophytes as contributed by Mexican scientists. No thesis research was considered unless published in a scientific journal. Results: There are 16 species of Anthocerotophyta, ca. 600 of Marchantiophyta, and 997 Bryophyta in Mexico. At least seven phytogeographic elements are represented: Northern, Meso-American, Caribbean, Southern, Wide distribution, and Endemic. Highlights of Mexican research include the discovery of Hypnodontopsis sp., a Miocene amber fossil from Chiapas, identification of heavy metals deposits in urban mosses in Mexico City and Toluca, determination of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of Pseudocrossidium replicatum, and the potential use of recombinant proteins from Physcomitrella patens. Conclusions: Taxonomic and floristic studies should be continued along with the bryological exploration of the country. Conservation is urgent, but studies of drought tolerance, air pollution, climate change, and potential uses in medicine require support and collaboration from other scientists.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

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