scholarly journals Башкирские фамильные антропонимы от названий социальных титулов, званий и чинов: историко-этимологический анализ

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Rezida A. Suleimanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
A Share

Introduction. Exploration of family anthroponyms associated with names of social titles and ranks on the basis of factual materials is of special significance, especially when it comes to examine the former in several essential perspectives. Goals. The study primarily aims at considering family names derived from social titles and ranks in historical /etymological and lexical/semantic perspectives. Restoration of some ancient names that have got completely excluded from the historical anthroponymic system is possible through analysis of surnames recorded in historical documents. The article seeks to determine the actual methods of deriving surnames from social titles and ranks, as well as to establish correspondences between historical facts and transformed (at certain stages of social life) concepts that had been once used to denote such titles and ranks further manifested in anthroponyms. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes surnames derived from titles and ranks registered in the scientific two-volume edition ‘Documents and Materials on Bashkir History, 1836–1842: Formulary Lists of Civil Servants Attached to the Bashkir-Mishar Tatar Host, 1836–1842’. The study employs a number of linguistic methods, such as the descriptive, etymological, comparative, and statistical ones. Results. Thus, the historical and etymological analysis of surnames derived from the onyms хан ~ ҡан ‘khan ~ qan’, бәк ~ бик ‘beg ~ b(e)ik’, бей ‘bey’, батыр ‘ba(gha)tur’, алп, алып ‘alp’, шаҡман ‘shaqman’ makes it possible conclude as to the significance of titles and ranks in the formation of Bashkir anthroponymy. For example, the insight into the onym хан ~ ҡан serving an anthroponymic basis reveals that the institution of khanate had existed in Bashkir society since ancient times, long before the Golden Horde, which resulted in that ҡан (хан) — stemmed family onyms (as well as related phonetic versions of the lexeme) were widespread enough. The paper also shows that surnames containing the title lexeme бик were much more common than those derived from the form бек. Another finding is that quite a share of discovered Bashkir surnames were derived from ranks bestowed to war heroes (батыр, алп, шаҡман, алдар).

CHAM MUSLIMS IN HO CHI MINH CITY TODAY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phu Van Han
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

After more than 30 years of national reform, Ho Chi Minh City has made great changes in economy, living standards and society for all population groups, including the Cham Muslim community. The study clarifies the social characteristics, community development trends in the current sustainable development process of the Cham Muslims. At the same time, explore the adaptability of the community, clarify the aspects of social life and the development of Cham Muslims in Ho Chi Minh City. Thereby, providing insight into a unique cultural lifestyle, harmony between religion and ethnic customs, in a multicultural, colorful city in Ho Chi Minh City today.

The Younghusband-Waddell Collection and Its People: the Social Life of Tibetan Books Gathered in a Late-colonial Enterprise

Inner Asia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-171
Author(s):  
Hildegard Diemberger
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Cultural Biography ◽  
The Social ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIn this paper I follow the social life of the Tibetan books belonging to the Younghusband-Waddell collection. I show how books as literary artefacts can transform from ritual objects into loot, into commodities and into academic treasures and how books can have agency over people, creating networks and shaping identities. Exploring connections between books and people, I look at colonial collecting, Orientalist scholarship and imperial visions from an unusual perspective in which the social life and cultural biography of people and things intertwine and mutually define each other. By following the trajectory of these literary artefacts, I show how their traces left in letters, minutes and acquisition documents give insight into the functioning of academic institutions and their relationship to imperial governing structures and individual aspirations. In particular, I outline the lives of a group of scholars who were involved with this collection in different capacities and whose deeds are unevenly known. This adds a new perspective to the study of this period, which has so far been largely focused on the deeds of key individuals and the political and military setting in which they operated. Finally, I show how the books of this collection have continued to exercise their attraction and moral pressure on twenty-first-century scholars, both Tibetan and international, linking them through digital technology and cyberspace.

LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE EVERYDAY LIFE CATEGORY IN THE NOVEL WRITTEN BY G. SH. YAKHINA “ZULEIKHA OPENS HER EYES” AND IN ITS TRANSLATION INTO CHINESE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Iana E. ANDREEVA
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Language Pair

This article examines the linguistic means of representing the category of everyday life in the novel by G. Sh. Yakhina “Zuleikha opens her eyes” and in its translation into Chinese. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the anthropology of everyday life, a broad line of research into everyday life. Comparative study of linguistic units, which reveal the essence of everyday human existence, makes it possible to identify lacunar units that are difficult to translate fiction in the context of the Russian-Chinese language pair. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the involvement in the analysis of linguistic methods of conveying the category of everyday life in the aspect of translating a Russian literary text into Chinese. The work used the methods of comparative, component, contextual analysis, the method of linguoculturological commenting. As a result of the study, the lexical-semantic, lexical-stylistic and grammatical lacunar units were identified, which demonstrate linguocultural barriers in the process of translating a text into Chinese. A comparative analysis of the texts was carried out in order to comprehend the lexical and grammatical transformations performed in the process of translation. As a result, the main ways of compensating for the lacunae of everyday life in Russian-Chinese translation were identified: transcription, tracing, descriptive translation, lexical-semantic replacement. In addition, it was found that the study of various options for depicting everyday life in a literary text not only makes it possible to identify lacunar units of everyday life, but also reveals the artistic and philosophical intention of the work.

scholarly journals The Standard of Living of a Population: a Comparative Analysis of Armenia and Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Gohar Vardanyan ◽  
Krzysztof Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
National Income ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

A population’s standard of living has a special and important place in the concept of human development. Ultimately, the higher the standard of living of a population, the greater the chance for real human development, other things being equal. The standard of living in its most general sense is nothing more than a certain level of satisfaction of the population’s needs because no society and no country is able to fully meet the needs of all people. The standard of living of a population cannot be expressed by any one indicator taking in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The standard of living of a population is characterized and reflected by a system of indicators in which there is a special significance for such indicators, such as the needs of households, real incomes, private consumption, and socio‑psychological satisfaction. However, in order to quantify exactly the level of standard of living, the degree of satisfaction of the needs, wealth, poverty and income stratification, as well as their causes, should be evaluated. They should be considered not only and not so much at the macroeconomic level (GDP, GNP, National Income, Consumption general fund, etc.) but also at the microeconomic level, by selecting a socioeconomic cell as an observation object, study its composition, the number of working persons in employment, and the ratio of workers, among others (Gevorgyan, Margaryan 1994, p. 52). The aim of this paper is to compare the standard of living in Poland and Armenia. Both countries belonged to the Eastern bloc with centrally planned economies, which had an enormous impact on the whole economic and social life in both countries.

scholarly journals What is happiness: a cross-cultural research into present-day associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Irina N. Kabanova ◽  
Anna M. Gorokhova ◽  
Elena G. Nozhevnikova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Vaseneva
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
French And English ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Insight Into

The article under consideration is aimed at cross-cultural quantified associative mapping of the universal concept “happiness” and shaping the hierarchy of its cornerstone axiological constituents as perceived by Russian, French and English linguosocieties within the framework of the global pandemic reality. “Happiness” has been subject to transdisciplinary investigation since ancient times due to its dynamic character and ambiguity. The concept of “happiness”, although psychologically ingrained and biologically predetermined, can change significantly based on different outer and inner factors. It demonstrates an undeniable potential for multiple perceptions, various patterns of ethnic-specific and highly personalized verbalization, requiring unification and analysis of different sociocultural stimuli that trigger off this or that row of associations. The authors provide keen insight into the semantics of the concept and its static lexicographic axiological paradigm in the Russian, French and English languages. Three associative surveys were carried out through Google-forms to estimate the degree at which the “static projection” of “happiness” is relevant nowadays in pandemic-shaken societies as well as collect free associations, manually contrast the data and establish parallels and peculiarities within up-to-date Russian, French and English (American) visions of “happiness”. The survey results testify to the fact that “health”, “family”, “peace” and “freedom” are universally recognized constituents of “happiness” while certain elements prove to be ethnic-specific and arise due to concrete social circumstances.

scholarly journals Off-the-Grid Life of Arctic Nomads: Social Generating of Electricity in the Northern Yamal

2019 ◽  
pp. 1356-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Arzyutov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Field Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
The Yamal Peninsula

This article deals with the ethnographic analysis of the history and social life of electricity among Nenets in the Yamal Peninsula. Based on historical documents and field data the author reconstructs a history of the electrification of the northern part of the peninsula. This work also includes the reflections on social and cultural meanings of electricity among Nenets in and out the tundra. Through these historical and current dynamics, the author suggests analysing the life of electricity in off-the-grid settings through the lens of transnational technological entanglements in the Arctic

Hoe gesprekken een participatieproces maken of breken

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bleijenberg ◽  
Noëlle Aarts ◽  
Reint Jan Renes
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Participation Process ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Discursive Patterns

A comparative case study into the meaning of conversations between citizens and government on the course and outcome of local participation processes Although the importance of conversations for citizen participation is widely recognized, there is still little insight into the meaning of conversations for participatory processes. This comparative case study provides insight into the discursive patterns that characterize the conversations between citizens, civil servants and other stakeholders in two participatory processes in different municipalities. Our framing-analysis shows how different discursive patterns develop in interaction and how these patterns effect the course and outcome in both participation processes. The results provide insight in how experiences of previous events influence the discursive patterns that participants construct in interaction. It is concluded that in both cases not the nature of the issue, but the way it was discussed and how participants framed this was crucial for the course and outcome of the participation process.

Lineage Extinction and Inheritance Patterns

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Cyrus Chu
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Physical Comfort

Perhaps the most basic biological instincts of all creatures are to survive and to produce offspring. In ancient times, poor hygienic environment and occasional widespread epidemics obviously gave people strong reasons to worry about the possible extinction of their own lineage. But to transform such a worry into a mathematical problem, it is helpful if the upper class of the society, which has the ability and the leisure to think about the problem on an abstract level, also feels the possibility of such an extinction. Indeed, this was the case in eighteenth-century western Europe. The development of the theory of branching processes in fact started with the calculation of the probability of family surname extinction. Mode (1971) argued that one of the reasons for the decay of family names was that “physical comfort and intellectual capacity were necessarily accompanied by a diminution in fertility.” This statement, that parents choose to have fewer children because they want increase their enjoyment of life, seems to be a more suitable characterization of the argument of Becker’s (1991) contemporary household economics. Others, such as Chu and Lee (1994), argued that it was the scourges of war and famine that were responsible for the major rises of mortality in ancient history. Whatever the cause of lineage extinction, as a large proportion of family surnames continued to die out, Francis Galton (1873), one of the founders of the theory of branching processes, presented his concern with lineage extinction on an abstract level: The problem of family surname extinction concerns part (i) of problem 4001; part (ii) is about the distribution of surnames (types), which was the focus of chapter 4 of this book. Problem 4001 did not attract much attention until Agner Krarup Erlang became interested in this problem because his mother’s surname, Krarup, was about to become extinct. Erlang arrived at the solution below. First, we remove the restriction in problem 4001 that a man can have at most five sons, and let pk be the probability of having k surviving male children.

scholarly journals “Gendering” the Self in Online Dating Discourse

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melonie Fullick
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
New Literacy ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
Gender Presentation ◽  
Insight Into

Online dating has become an increasingly acceptable way for “singles” to meet appropriate partners. The author uses discourse analysis to explore the use of language in the construction of gendered identities in 20 online profiles, comparing the norms of gender presentation and communication with the ways in which language is used to signal various kinds of gendered “selves.” Dating sites require users to develop a new literacy of self-presentation, one that reinforces and re-inscribes the tendency toward promotionalism that permeates contemporary social life. In this context, how are Internet and social media users tapping into existing social and cultural resources and putting gender norms to work in their representations of self? How do online dating sites provide insight into an ongoing, reflexive process of self-promotion and self-construction?Les services de rencontre en ligne sont devenus un moyen de plus en plus acceptable pour les célibataires de chercher des partenaires convenables. Dans cet article, l’auteure a recours à l’analyse du discours afin d’explorer, dans vingt profils en ligne, l’utilisation du langage pour la construction d’une identité sexuée. L’auteure compare les normes de présentation et de communication de genre avec la manière dont le langage est utilisé pour afficher diverses sortes de soi sexués. Les sites de rencontre obligent les utilisateurs à développer une nouvelle présentation de soi qui renforce et réinscrit une tendance à ce type de promotion qui est si présent dans la vie sociale contemporaine. Dans ce contexte, comment les utilisateurs d’internet et des médias sociaux utilisent-ils les ressources sociales et culturelles qui sont à leur disposition et comment incorporent-ils les normes de genre dans leurs représentations de soi? Comment d’autre part les sites de rencontre permettent-ils de mieux comprendre les processus continus et réflexifs de la promotion et de la construction de soi?

Merits and limits of the biographic approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Vellinga
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Biography ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Insight Into

In a well-known paper on ‘the cultural biography of things’, Kopytoff (1986) shows that the application of meaning to ‘things’ is of a processual rather than a fixed nature. Mainly focusing his attention on commodities, Kopytoff demonstrates that, like people, ‘objects’ such as slaves, cars, huts and paintings have a social life of their own. The biographies that may be drawn up of the lives of these objects may provide insight into the complex whole of political, economic, moral and aesthetic practices, values and relationships prevalent in the societies in which they are produced, used and discarded.

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