Autologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent facilitated antigen binding detects IgE-blocking activity based on direct competition between allergen-specific IgE and non-IgE

Immunotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhong ◽  
Xuxin Lai ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiaoxiong Xiao ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
...  

Aim: To measure IgE-blocking activity induced by allergen immunotherapy (AIT) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent facilitated antigen binding (ELIFAB) assay based on autologous immunoglobulin competition. Methods: The developed ELIFAB assay was used to investigate the kinetics of IgE-blocking activity in 87 patients at multiple AIT treatment time points, in comparison to the changes in IgG4. Results: High ELIFAB response was observed until 2.5 months of AIT, then significantly decreased after 4 months and remained suppressed during the 3-year AIT period. After treatment cessation, the ELIFAB response was maintained at the level seen at the 4–6 month treatment time point, similar to IgG4, indicating sustained IgE-blocking activity related to IgG4. Conclusion: This ELIFAB assay measures the IgE-blocking activity for autologous allergen-specific IgE and non-IgE during and after immunotherapy. It is suited for measuring the sustained IgE-blocking activity induced by AIT.

Author(s):  
Yong He ◽  
Jinling Liu ◽  
Deyu Zhao ◽  
Suqin Zhang ◽  
Guodong Hao ◽  
...  

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The role of salivary-specific IgG4 and IgA in subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is not well defined. We aimed to investigate the change of IgG4 and IgA in both serum and saliva and their correlations with IgE-blocking-factor (IgE-BF) during SCIT. <b><i>Method:</i></b> 307 <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (DP) allergic rhinitis and/or asthma patients were recruited for this study. 286 patients received DP-SCIT for 1 year. Twenty-one patients received only symptomatic treatment. DP-, Der p 1-, and Der p 2-specific IgE in serum, specific-IgG4 and Der p 2-specific IgA1 and IgA2 in both serum and saliva were measured at timepoints 0, 4, and 12 months during DP-SCIT. Correlation between salivary and serological IgG4, IgA, and their correlation with DP-specific IgE-BF measured in serum was evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During DP-SCIT, the allergen-specific IgG4 in both saliva and serum increased and correlated significantly, the correlation becomes stronger over the treatment time. DP-specific IgE-BF significantly correlated with DP-specific IgG4 in serum (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001) at different timepoints and in saliva at 12 months of SCIT (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). No change in Der p 2-specific IgA during DP-SCIT was observed, and the IgA in serum did not correlate with IgA in saliva. There was no correlation between DP IgE-BF and Der p 2-specific IgA in serum or saliva. The control group did not exhibit significant changes in any antibody level measured. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The IgE blocking activity induced by DP-SCIT treatment correlated with specific IgG4 and not IgA. The IgG4 in saliva correlates with serum IgG4 and can be an alternative immunological marker beyond 1 year of SCIT treatment.


Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4870-4870
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Tsagarakis ◽  
Nektaria Kentrou ◽  
Mirsini Pergaminou ◽  
Theodore Marinakis ◽  
Stefanos I Papadhimitriou ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: HYPER-CVAD is an intensive treatment protocol of short duration, for ALL and other lymphoid neoplasms. It is consisted of 8 alternating cycles (parts A and B): in part A (cycles 1, 3, 5, 7) fractionated doses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethazone are administrated, while in part B (cycles 2, 4, 6, 8) high doses of methotrexate and aracytin. The two first cycles compose the induction therapy, while the next 6 cycles constitute the consolidation therapy, followed by two years of maintenance therapy. Protection of CNS is achieved with intradorsal injections, whereas in Ph+ ALL patients, imatinib is also administered. The aim of this study was the clinical evaluation of MRD detection in adult patients with ALL, during chemotherapy with HYPER-CVAD. Patients/Methods: During the period 1999–2008, 30 patients were hospitalized in our hospital for ALL and were treated with HYPER-CVAD therapeutic protocol. Among them, 14/30 (46,7%) were males and 16/30 (53,3%) females (median age 43,5 years, range 16–70). Median follow-up time was 12,8 months (range 0,5–100). ALL of T-origin had 8/30 patients and of B-origin, 22/30 (1 B1-EGIL/pro-B, 17 B2-EGIL/B-common, 4 B3-EGIL/pre-B). Caryotypic analysis and FISH was done in all patients (7/30 bcr/abl+). According to classical prognostic markers of ALL: 21/30 were classified as high, 4/30 as medium and 5/30 low risk, respectively. MRD presence was detected in bone marrow samples, with flow cytometric panels, at three particular treatment time-points: completion of induction therapy (T1), completion of consolidation therapy (T2) and at the end of maintenance therapy (T3). Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were investigated, especially in relation to the influence of MRD presence in (OS) and (DFS), respectively. For statistical analysis, Kaplan-Meier was used. Results: At treatment time-point (T1), MRD was detected in 10/28 (35,7%) patients, at time-point (T2) in 7/23 (30,4%) and at treatment-point (T3) in 9/17 (52,94%). The influence of MRD detection in (OS) was statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) at (T2) and (T3), while in (DFS) the detection of MRD presence in any of the standardized treatment time-points resulted in decreased DFS (T1/p&lt;0,05, T2 and T3/p&lt;0,001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that MRD detection during therapy of adult ALL is a negative prognostic indicator for (OS) and (DFS), the independency of which has to be confirmed after prolonged follow-up time and increased number of cases.


Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4848-4848
Author(s):  
Anna Paisiou ◽  
Georgios Paterakis ◽  
Nikolaos Tsagarakis ◽  
Nektaria Kentrou ◽  
Vassilios Papadakis ◽  
...  

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was the prospective evaluation of MRD during childhood ALL therapy and its correlation with specific prognostic criteria of ALL-BFM 95 protocol and with patient outcome. Patients/Methods: 127 children (49 girls) with ALL were studied during the period 1999–2008. The median age at diagnosis was 9,32 years (range, 0,6–16,48). All patients were diagnosed in the same center and treated uniformly with the ALL-BFM 95 protocol, modified in two therapeutic branches, medium and high risk, as we have published previously. We used three or five colours’ flow cytometric panels for MRD quantification at sequential standardized treatment time-points: at day 15 of induction (T1), at day 33 (T2) of induction, before consolidation (T3), before re-induction (T4), before maintenance (T5), at maintenance completion (T6). Additionally for the high risk patients, 6 more determinations before each consolidation treatment cycle were performed. The median follow-up time was 48,4 months (range, 1,7–110,3). For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier were used. Results: Immunophenotypical analysis resulted in 119 patients with ALL of B-origin and 8 of T-origin. Median WBC at diagnosis was 10×109/lt, while extra-BM infiltration was found in 9 children. According to ALL-BFM 95 protocol’s criteria: 40 patients were fulfilling the criteria of the standard risk (SR), 61 of medium (MR) and 26 of high risk (HR), respectively, and therapeutically were divided into two groups: A (101 patients, SR+MR) and B (26 patients, HR). MRD was detected in: 59/123 patients at treatment time-point (T1) (39/59 from group A, of which 26/39 with high MRD levels, and 20/59 from group B, all with high MRD levels). In time-point (T2), disease was detected in 19/124: 5/19 from group A (3/5 high MRD levels), 14/19 from group B (11/14 high MRD levels). At treatment-point (T3), 3/127 had detectable disease (all from group B). None of the patients of group A had minimal residual disease at the following time-points, while only 2 patients of group B had persistent presence of MRD. In total, 14/127 children relapsed (4/SR, 2/MR, 8/HR), with significant levels of MRD in 7 (6/7 HR) and 4 (all HR) patients, at time-point (T1) and (T2), respectively. Among all, 114 children survived (CR1: 110, CR2: 4), while 13 children died (9/disease, 4/therapy-related toxicity). Conclusions: Our results suggest that MRD detection in continuous standardized treatment time-points of childhood ALL correlates with shorter disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS), however in our cohort there was no sufficient evidence of MRD independency as prognostic factor (cox-regression analysis) compared to the classical prognostic criteria of the ALL-BFM 95. The enlargement of the group of patients and the expansion of the follow-up period will lead to more reliable conclusions.


Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 941-941
Author(s):  
Ezhilarasi Chendamarai ◽  
Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian ◽  
Biju George ◽  
Kavitha M Lakshmi ◽  
Auro Viswabandhya ◽  
...  

Abstract Abstract 941 Algorithms for relapse risk prediction, kinetics of hematological relapse (HR) following a molecular relapse (MR) and intervention based on these results have been well studied for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with conventional all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus chemotherapy based regimens. It is recognized that the kinetics of leukemia clearance with the use of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in induction is significantly different from that of ATRA alone or ATRA plus chemotherapy combinations. Extrapolation of data generated from ATRA plus chemotherapy regimens may potentially not be valid when applied to regimens that use ATO in up front therapy. At our center we undertook a prospective minimal residual disease (MRD) detection study in APL treated with ATO. 151 patients who achieved hematological remission (CR) were followed up serially for MRD detection by peripheral blood RT-PCR. All patients achieved a molecular remission (CRm) prior to starting maintenance therapy. Figure 1 summarizes the time points for analysis, compliance and RT-PCR positivity. An RT-PCR was positive in 90 (64%) at the end of induction which was associated with a significant increase in the risk of relapse. On a multivariate analysis after adjusting for conventional risk factors that predict relapse, an RT-PCR positivity at this time point was the only parameter that retained statistical significance (RR=3.82; 95%CI=1.2–12.8; P-value=0.03). The event free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) for those who were RT-PCR positive was significantly worse than those who were negative as illustrated in figure 2. Further analysis revealed that none of the low risk patients (WBC count at diagnosis <5 × 109/Lt and platelet count >20 × 109/Lt) who were RT-PCR negative at the end of induction relapsed while 4 (10%) of the high risk group patients who were RT-PCR negative, at this time point, relapsed. There were a total of 31 (20.5%) hematological relapses, only 3 of these relapses were beyond 3 years from completion of maintenance. An RT-PCR was positive in the 3–4 months period prior to a HR in 15/31 (48.3%), negative in 10/31 (32.2%) and was not done in this time frame in 6/31 (19.3%). An additional 7/151 (4.6%) were transiently RT-PCR positive but did not have a HR at a median follow up of 50 months (range: 21–87) from a positive test. The overall sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of using an RT-PCR for successful MRD detection prior to a frank HR was 62.5%, 93.3% and 65.2% respectively. Retrospective RQ-PCR analysis at the same time points revealed that with an RQ-PCR the sensitivity would be further improved to 83.3%. The data generated is with a single agent ATO based regimen as reported by us previously (J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3866); it could potentially apply to other regimens with ATO used up front. The data suggests that a positive peripheral blood RT-PCR at the end of induction predicts relapse and could potentially be used to risk stratify patients for intensification of the currently used low intensity regimen. High risk group patients and those who remain RT-PCR positive at the end of induction are likely to benefit from serial MRD monitoring using peripheral blood RT-PCR and this should probably be done up to 3 years after completion of therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nannan Liu ◽  
Zhengyu Zhao ◽  
Qizhi Zhou ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  

Objective. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the peripheral mechanisms of chrono-acupuncture by observing acupuncture at different time points affecting relative proteins to regulate the cytoskeleton of fibroblasts differently. Methods. A total of 108 male SD rats (180–220 g) that have basic pain threshold within 3–10 s were selected and randomly divided into group A (n = 72) and control group (n = 36). After the succession of modeling with CFA injection, the rats in group A were randomly divided into model group and acupuncture group, each group containing 36 rats. Then according to the different treatment time, each group was randomly classified into 6 subgroups (ZT0, ZT4, ZT8, ZT12, ZT16, and ZT20), each subgroup containing 6 rats (n = 6). On the second day of successful modeling, the rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture treatment at the corresponding time point, while the control group and the model group were only tied up at the corresponding time point without any treatments. Methods of operation: use 0.5-inch needles, puncture the rats’ “Zusanli” on the affected limb, with Twirling manipulation for a minute after every five minutes; the treatment lasts thirty minutes in total. After 7 days of treatments, the skin and subcutaneous tissue of rats’ acupoint area of “Zusanli” on the affected limb were taken and then stained by immunofluorescence double staining method to observe the expression of the fibroblast cytoskeleton F-actin and β-tubulin under the LSCM while using western blot to observe the expression of P38MAPK/P-P38MAPK. Results. The expression of the cytoskeleton F-actin and β-tubulin at acupoint area in the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that in the control and model group. The effect of acupuncture on the restructure of the fibroblast cytoskeleton is different at different time points, the most effective time point was at ZT12 while the least at ZT16. Acupuncture can decrease the high expression of P-P38MAPK/P38MAPK in the model group, and the effect has time differences. The expression of P-P38MAPK/P38MAPK increased more significantly at ZT16 than ZT12. Conclusion. The remodeling difference of fibroblast cytoskeleton after receiving acupuncture treatment could be one of the peripheral bases of the chrono-acupuncture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Michèle Braconnier ◽  
Chiara Munari ◽  
Yamenah Gómez ◽  
Sabine Gebhardt-Henrich

<p>Semi-group housing in breeding does has been shown to reduce production and breeding success in comparison to single-housed animals. One reason for this reduction could be stress and aggression when grouping does only 2 d after artificial insemination. The aim of this study was to test different time points of grouping on fertility of does, body weight of both kits and does, and mortality rates. Hence, does were separated and housed individually one day before giving birth to their kits. The does were then artificially inseminated on day 10 postpartum (dpp) and regrouped according to the treatment (time point) on 12 (TG12), 18 (TG18), or 22 (TG22) dpp, respectively. In total, five trials with three groups pertaining to the three treatments (eight does per treatment group) were conducted. Non-pregnant does were replaced with pregnant does before each new trial (57 different does needed). Data were analysed with (generalised) linear mixed effect models and survival analysis. There were no significant differences in fertility, body weight<br />or mortality of does among the treatments. The average fertility rate (number of kindling events/number of artificial inseminations×100) was low (40.92%) and seasonal effects may have partially masked treatment effects, as most trials took place during winter. Likewise, the survival rate of kits was not influenced by the treatment (survival test: χ<sup>2</sup>=2.3, df = 2, <em>P</em> = 0.3). Body weight of the kits was also not affected by the time point of grouping (average weight: 447.70±46.42 g (TG12), 452.20±55.30 g (TG18) and 460.06±89.23 g (TG22); <em>P</em> = 0.33). In conclusion, grouping does at a later time point in the reproductive cycle did not show any significant improvement in the breeding or productive success in a Swiss semi-group housing system. An elongated separation from conspecifics did not enhance the welfare of semi-group housed rabbits.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bendaoud Mebarek ◽  
Mourad Keddam

In this paper, we develop a boronizing process simulation model based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) approach for estimating the thickness of the FeB and Fe2B layers. The model represents a synthesis of two artificial intelligence techniques; the fuzzy logic and the neural network. Characteristics of the fuzzy neural network approach for the modelling of boronizing process are presented in this study. In order to validate the results of our calculation model, we have used the learning base of experimental data of the powder-pack boronizing of Fe-15Cr alloy in the temperature range from 800 to 1050 °C and for a treatment time ranging from 0.5 to 12 h. The obtained results show that it is possible to estimate the influence of different process parameters. Comparing the results obtained by the artificial neural network to experimental data, the average error generated from the fuzzy neural network was 3% for the FeB layer and 3.5% for the Fe2B layer. The results obtained from the fuzzy neural network approach are in agreement with the experimental data. Finally, the utilization of fuzzy neural network approach is well adapted for the boronizing kinetics of Fe-15Cr alloy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdiye Küçük ◽  
Sibel Yıldırım ◽  
Serap Çetiner

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane S. Engels ◽  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou ◽  
Anne K. Reimers

Abstract Background Latest studies indicated that the general mental health level is low during the pandemic. Probably, this deterioration of the mental health situation is partly due to declines in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in and the association between affective wellbeing and levels of different domains of physical activity at three time points before and during the pandemic. Method We used a nationwide online panel with a trend data design encompassing a total sample of N = 3517, representing the German population (> 14 years). Four different activity domains (sport and exercise, light outdoor activity, housework/gardening, active travel) and affective wellbeing (positive and negative affect) were assessed at three time points before and during the Covid-19 pandemic (October 2019, March 2020, October 2020). Results Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicate differences regarding affective wellbeing over the three time points with the lowest values at the second time point. Levels of activity in the four domains differed significantly over time with the strongest decrease for sport and exercise from the first to the second time point. Partial correlations indicated that the relationships between sport and exercise and positive affect were most consistent over time. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that physical activity plays a particularly important role in the pandemic period as a protective factor against poor mental health. Especially sports and exercise seem to be supportive and should be encouraged, e.g. by providing additional support in finding adequate outdoor, home-based or digital substitutes.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Tomasz Okon ◽  
Kazimierz Wilkosz

The paper deals with voltage profiles in a power system. The analysis of these profiles is important due to the requirement that the Root-Mean-Squared (RMS) values of nodal voltages should be within certain ranges, as well as to ensure desired power flows in a power system. In both cases, it is desirable to indicate points in a power system where it is reasonable to apply remedial measures to meet the requirements for RMS values of nodal voltages, or to effectively control the power flows in a power system. In general, candidate nodes for remediation are established based on operational experience or measurement data from a certain time point (sometimes from several time points). The paper presents a method that provides a basis for determining the aforementioned candidate nodes based on the behavior of a system over a certain period of time, which is an unquestionable advantage of this proposal. In order to achieve the abovementioned goal, the method provides for the analysis of propagation of voltage RMS value deviations in a power system. The analysis of correlational relationships between the RMS values of nodal voltages is used for this. After presentation of the theoretical background, the new original method is described in the paper. Then, case studies showing the utilization of that method are presented. At the end of the paper, features of the proposed method are enumerated.


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