scholarly journals A SİMULATİON STUDY TO DETERMİNE THE RESPONSE OF MORKARAMAN SHEEP RAİSED İN CENTRAL AND EASTERN ANATOLİAN TO CHANGİNG CLİMATE CONDİTİONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Ufuk Karadavut ◽  
Burhan Bahadır ◽  
Volkan Karadavut ◽  
Galip Şimşek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Climate change has begun to affect the whole world seriously. If necessary and sufficient measures are not taken, it seems possible that much bigger disasters will occur in the future. The agricultural sector, which forms the basis of food production, is affected the most and rapidly by this change. Significant decreases have been observed in plant and animal production. Our primary purpose is to determine the reproductive potential of animals and the amount of resistance to climate change and evaluate the economic situation. The study was carried out within ten years, covering 2009-2019. In this study, morkaraman sheep bred in the province of Kırşehir in the Central Anatolian Region and the province of Bingöl in the Eastern Anatolia Region is considered material in Turkey. In order to obtain the data used, a total of 296 sheep, 145 sheep in the Eastern Anatolia Region and 151 sheep in the Central Anatolia Region, were evaluated. The simulation study was carried out using the polygenic model. The variables examined are as follows; Lactation time (days), Average daily milk yield (ml), Daily amount of feed consumed for 1 kg live weight (kg), Yield (%), Incidence of Mastitis, Daily oil yield (g/day), Daily protein yield ( g/day), Fertility (%), Fertility time (productivity) (Days), Change in milk yield for each degree above 22 °C and Protein change for each degree above 22 °C (g/°C /day). As a result, in a one-degree increase in temperature, the highest negative effect is seen in the average daily milk yield and lactation period. Fertility and the amount of feed consumed per kg of weight had the lowest value. The preliminary work to be done with the work is that the selection of animals that are resistant/tolerant to climate change should be made. Keywords: Genotypic effects, climatic change, morkaraman sheep, simulation, sustainability.

scholarly journals Comparison of different lactation curve models in Holstein cows raised on a farm in the south-eastern Anatolia region

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Ö. Koçak ◽  
B. Ekiz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Mean Squared Errors ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare the goodness of fit of seven mathematical models (including the gamma function, the exponential model, the mixed log model, the inverse quadratic polynomial model and their various modifications) on daily milk yield records. The criteria used to compare models were mean R2, root mean squared errors (RMSE) and difference between actual and predicted lactation milk yields. The effect of lactation number on curve parameters was significant for models with three parameters. Third lactation cows had the highest intercept post-calving, greatest incline between calving and peak milk yield and greatest decline between peak milk yield and end of lactation. Latest peak production occurred in first lactation for all models, while third lactation cows had the earliest day of peak production. The R2 values ranged between 0.590 and 0.650 for first lactation, between 0.703 and 0.773 for second lactation and between 0.686 and 0.824 for third lactation, depending on the model fitted. The root mean squared error values of different models varied between 1.748 kg and 2.556 kg for first parity cows, between 2.133 kg and 3.284 kg for second parity cows and between 2.342 kg and 7.898 kg for third parity cows. Lactation milk yield deviations of Ali and Schaeffer, Wilmink and Guo and Swalve Models were close to zero for all lactations. Ali and Schaeffer Model had the highest R2 for all lactations and also yielded smallest RMSE and actual and predicted lactation milk yield differences. Wilmink and Guo and Swalve Models gave better fit than other three parameter models.

scholarly journals On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Comparisons are made between different methods to find the peak production (maximum daily milk yield) and methods to design the average lactation curve at the ascending phase in dairy cows. It was noted that in order to determine the height and location of the maximal producing capacity of a cow in a known lactation period, it is preferable to choose the peak production as a mean of three subsequent best days. It was also noted that the usual methods for drawing the average lactation curves do not give a true picture of the height and location of the peak. The author suggests a method for determining the average lactation curve at the ascending phase by using the averages of both milk productions and times involved in reaching the peak and known fractions (e.g. 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/4) of it. In this lactation curve the peak production is the mean of the peaks of individual cows, and the time involved in reaching it is the mean of the durations of the ascending phases of the individual cows.

scholarly journals Assessment of the degree of lameness in cows

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Kontsevaya ◽  
A. M. Nefedov ◽  
V. I. Lutsay ◽  
S. I. Lavrov ◽  
D. A. Pekurovsky
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Finger Pad ◽  
Daily Milk

Relevance. The structure of the hoof of cows is a complex biological mechanism consisting of the hoof joint, hoof bone, finger pad, sole, hoof wall, etc. According to V.A. Lukyanovsky (1982), hooves are an additional heart of the animal, since when the hoof hits the ground, the blood actively rises, which allows to create auxiliary pressure in the blood vessels, facilitating the work of the heart muscle. When this system is violated, pathologies of the cardiovascular system often develop. The appearance of foci of the pathological process in different parts of the hoof will not only disrupt the work of the heart, but also cause discomfort, pain, and most importantly — lameness, which will be the driving force in a significant decrease in the productivity of cattle.Methods. Scientists identify three main signs of developing lameness in an animal. The first is the position of the back when walking, normally the back should be smooth and straight, while with the onset of lameness, the animal will carefully rearrange the limb, thereby straining the dorsal muscles, after which a bend in the back will be observed. The second sign is a short step, since with pain syndrome, the animal tries to minimize the load on the diseased limb. The third sign will be the obvious protection of the diseased limb, as a result of which the animal will completely cease to rely on the limb, both when walking and when standing.Results. A systematic approach will allow us to present a mathematical model of a healthy animal and of lame one. Thus, the following pattern can be identified: In order to receive nutrients together with the feed, the cow must reach the feeder, therefore, depending on the degree of lameness, there is a decrease in the consumption of dry matter, up to 15%. Based on this, it can be calculated that with a lack of nutrients and energy, there will be a decrease in milk yield of up to 36%. Which, according to P.I. Nikanorov and I.M. Kasyanov, will lead to a loss of up to 300 kg of milk for the entire lactation period. It was found that in the presence of overgrown and deformed hooves, the daily milk yield of cows is reduced by 5–12%, and with the appearance of cracks in the fragments of the horny capsule — by 19–20%. Also, the birth of a calf is required to obtain milk, and the presence of lameness will negatively affect the production of reproductive hormones, lead to the appearance of “quiet” hunting, which in turn will indirectly lead to a loss of milk productivity.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF FEEDING AND THE DYNAMICS OF MILK YIELDS OF AYRSHIRE BREED OF COWS AFTER FIRST CALVING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
O.V. Zelenina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Ermoshina ◽  
M.A. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Evaluation of the nutritional value of feed mixtures for lactation periods of the Ayrshire first-calf breed showed that in the first period there is an excess of dry matter and easily digestible protein in the diet, and a lack of sugar in all periods. The consumption of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of 1 kg of milk was optimal. For 305 days of lactation, an average of 7653 kg of milk per cow was obtained after the first calving, and the maximum daily milk yield was recorded in the second month of lactation. The research of lactation curves showed that highly productive cows have a more pronounced peak of milk yield in the first lactation months; the level of milk productivity remains high up to 9-10 months of the lactation period.

ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ВЫМЕНИ ГОЛШТИНСКИХ КОРОВ АВСТРАЛИЙСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЮГА РОССИИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
V.A. KARATUNOV ◽  
I.N. TUZOV
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Изучены функциональные свойства вымени коров голштинской породы австралийской селекции, выращенных с использованием повышенных норм выпойки молока и добавлением пробиотического препарата целлобактерин . В сельхозпредприятии Краснодарского края, на потомках импортного скота голштинской породы австралийской селекции, завезенного в 2008 году. Для проведения опыта от нетелей линии Рефлекшн Соверинг 198998 получили телят и сформировали 4 группы подопытных телочек по 16 голов (n64): I контрольная, II, III, IV опытные. Животные были аналогами по происхождению, живой массе и возрасту. Различие между группами заключалось в технологии их выращивания. Телки контрольной группы выращивались по технологии принятой в хозяйстве, а животных II, III и IV опытных групп кормили опытными рационами. В состав кормовых рационов телочек опытных групп входило неодинаковое количество кормов животного происхождения и пробиотический препарат. После отела было установлено, что коровы опытных групп превосходили сверстниц I контрольной группы по обхвату вымени на 0,83,0 см. По 3 лактации различия по изучаемым промерам подопытных групп составили 1,33,5 см. При изучении промеров глубины вымени по 1 и 3 лактации установлена такая же закономерность по их увеличению, как и по обхвату вымени. Наиболее высокие суточные удои установлены у коров III группы 26,2 кг, превосходство над сверстницами контрольной группы по этому показателю составило 4,3 кг, или 19,6. По скорости молокоотдачи животные контрольной группы уступали сверстницам опытных групп. Индекс вымени во всех группах был достаточно высоким, и составлял по 1й лактации 44,846,2, по 3й 45,347,4. Суточные удои коров по 3 лактации возросли. Доказана зависимость между величиной вымени и удоем за лактацию. Интенсивное выращивание подопытных телок с добавлением пробиотического препарата положительно отразилось на увеличении у них промеров вымени, когда они стали коровами, что способствовало повышению удоев с 1по 3 лактации. Установлено, что коровы опытных групп по 1 лактации превышали сверстниц контрольной на 1,44,3 кг. По 3 лактации превышение составило 1,45,4 кг. Установлено, что коровы опытных групп превосходили сверстниц I контрольной группы по функциональным свойствам вымени.Functional properties of udders of Holstein cow breed of Australian selection grown with the use of increased norms of milk feeding and the addition of Cellobacterine probiotic preparation were studied. Research was carried out on the basis of agricultural enterprise located on the territory of Krasnodar region using the offspring of Hostein cow breed of Australian selection imported in 2008. 4 groups of test cow calves consisting of 16 animals (n64) received from Reflection Sovereign bred heifers 198998 were formed to carry out the experiment. There was group I which was used as control, and groups II, III, and IV which were used as test groups. Animals had similar origin, live weight and age. The groups were differentiated by growth technology. Cow calves from the control group were grown according to the traditional technology, and animals from group II, III, and IV received experimental feed. Nonuniform quantity of feeds of animal origin and probiotic preparation were included in feed rations of cow calves from test groups. After calving it was found that test cows were superior to animals from control group I in udder circumference by 0.83.0 cm. During the third lactation period the differences according to the studied measurements of test groups amounted to 1.3 3.5 cm. Analysis of udder depth measurements during the first and the third lactation period showed the same tendency towards increasing as during the analysis of udder circumference. The highest daily milk yield was registered in the cows from group III 26.2kg, the superiority to the cows from the control group in this parameter amounted to 4.3 kg or 19.6. Milk flow speed of control group animals was inferior to that of the cows from test groups. Udder index was rather high in all of the groups and during the first lactation period amounted to 44.846.2, the third 45.3.47.4. Daily milk yield increased during the third lactation period. The dependence of the size of the udder on milk yield per lactation was proved. Intensive growth of test cow calves with the addition of probiotic preparation positively influenced the increase in udder measurements when they became grown cows, which facilitated the increase in milk yield from the first to the third lactation period. It was found during the first lactation period test group cows were superior to the cows from the control group by 1.4 4.3 kg. The increase amounted to 1.4 5.4 kg during the third lactation period. It was also found that test group cows were superior to the cows from the control group in terms of udder functional properties.

Effect of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and lambs under semi intensive rearing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
MRH Rakib ◽  
M Yesmin ◽  
M Ershaduzamman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and their lambs until 1 year of age and the profitable slaughter age of lambs under semi intensive system. Twenty eight (28) native Bengal ewes at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to four groups (T0, T1, T2, T3) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of their body weight respectively. Ewes were allowed to graze 8 hours daily. Creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) was provided to lambs from 2 weeks age with an increment of 10 g/lamb/week. After weaning, 20 growing male lambs were selected and reared 01 year of age with concentrate mixture at 1.5% of their body weight and 8 hours grazing irrespective of treatment groups. Parameters like, ewe’s litter size, daily milk yield, post-partum heat and lamb’s birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at 06, 09 and 12 months were recorded. The data were analyzed in an ANOVA with CRD by using SPSS v. 20. The mean differences were tested by DMRT at a probability level of P<0.05. After weaning, the lamb growths were analyzed considering age as fixed factor. Regression correlations among different parameters with different ages were also performed. Significantly higher daily milk yield (P<0.01), weaning weight (P<0.05) and daily weight gain of lamb until weaning (P<0.05) were observed in T2 group. Besides, lambs weight at 06, 09, and 12 months differ significantly (P<0.01) along with corresponding daily weight gain (P<0.05). Lambs daily weight gain did not differ significantly from weaning to 09 months of age but significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 09 to 12months age. Finally, it may be concluded that a concentrate diet containing 20% CP during late pregnancy to lactation should be supplied to obtain maximum performances of ewes and their lambs. Besides, native Bengal lamb would be slaughtered between 06 to 09 months of age to get maximum return. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 43-50

Some production traits and phenotypic relationships betweenudder and production traits of Hair goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan Atay ◽  
Özdal Gokdal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Animal Material ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Production Characteristics

The study was conducted to determine the production characteristics and to find out the phenotypic relationships between udder and milk production traits in Hair goats. A total of 403 Hair Goats under extensive conditions of Çine town of Aydin province of Turkey were constituted the animal material of the study. The live weights of all goats were recorded just before breeding season. Milk was measured in every month according to the basis of morning or evening milking in a day to estimation of milk yields. Live weights of kids were recorded monthly intervals. Measurements for udder characteristics were determined for two times at 30th and at 180th of the lactation period. Average lactation length, lactation milk yield and daily milk yield of goats were 192.4 days, 139.1 kg and 0.7 kg, respectively. The live weights at birth, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days of goat kids were 3.1, 8.6, 13.9, 19.1 and 24.5 kg, respectively. Mean values of withers height, body length and live weight of goats were measured as 73.2 cm, 71.3 cm and 54.5 kg, respectively. Udder and teat characteristics of goats were found positively correlated with milk production characteristics both 30th and 180th days of the lactation period. It can be concluded that Hair goats in extensive conditions had a substantial level of milk yield and their kids had sufficient levels of live weight gains. Furthermore, the udder measurements at the beginning of the lactation could be used for identifying the differences among does.

The influence of dietary protein intake during lactation on the reproductive performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY1. Forty-five Large White gilts were given 2·20 kg daily of a diet containing 14·0% crude protein during three successive pregnancies. During a 6-week lactation they received 5·30 kg daily of one of three diets containing 19·0% (HP), 16·5% (MP) or 14·0% (LP) crude protein.2. Daily milk yield was estimated on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day of lactation. Milk samples were obtained from the same sows for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and total solids on the 11th, 21st, 31st and 41st day.3. One sow and litter from each treatment in each lactation was placed in metabolism cages during lactation and estimates of nitrogen and dry matter excretion obtained.4. As the concentration of protein in the diet decreased the average 42-day gain in litter weight from birth increased significantly in the first lactation. This trend continued in the second lactation although it was not significant but did not appear in the third.5. There was no marked difference in daily milk yield between treatment groups.6. There was a significantly greater loss of live weight by the sows on the lower levels of protein in the first lactation. These differences were not significant in the second and third lactations.

Voluntary food intake, live-weight change and lactation performance of crossbred dairy cows given ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass var. Bana) supplemented with leucaena forage in the lowland semi-humid tropics

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Muinga ◽  
W. Thorpe ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Daily Milk

AbstractScarce and poor-quality food resources limit smallholder dairy production in the tropics. Food resources for zerograzing may be improved by intercropping Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass) with Leucaena leucocephala leguminous hedgerows. To evaluate dairy cow performance from this alley cropping system, 36 Ayrshire/Brown Swiss × Sahiwal cows in a 2×3 factorial design were individually fed from the 3rd week of lactation for 14 weeks on diets of napier fodder harvested at 1·0 m or 1·5 m and offered ad libitum, supplemented with 0, 4 or 8 kg fresh weight leucaena fodder. Average daily milk yield during the 2nd week of lactation was a covariate in the analyses of milk yield, and post-partum live weight a covariate in the analyses of dry matter (DM) intake and live-weight change.Napier harvesting height and leucaena level had independent effects on performance. Napier height (1·0 m or 1·5 m) significantly (P < 0·01) affected daily napier DM intake (9·3 and 6·8 kg), total daily DM intake (10·5 and 7·9 kg), daily live-weight losses (165 and 490 g) and daily milk yield (8·6 and 6·9 kg respectively). Leucaena supplementation (0, 4 or 8 kg) significantly (P<0·01) increased total daily DM intake (7·8, 9·3 and 10·4 kg), reduced daily live-weight loss (560,235 and 175 g), and increased daily milk yield (7·3, 7·7 and 8·3 kg respectively). The results show that reasonable dairy performance can be achieved in the tropics by supplementing a napier fodder basal diet with leucaena forage, and highlight the importance of the stage of harvesting of the napier fodder. The results are discussed in relation to the nutrient requirements for milk production given by the Agricultural Research Council (1980 and 1984).

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