scholarly journals Phytochemical, HPLC and FTIR Analysis of Methanolic Extract from Gracilaria dura (C Agardh) J Agardh.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
S S Sumayya ◽  
A S Lubaina ◽  
K Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Alkyl Halides ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
Gracilaria Dura

Marine algae are known to contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds. They are also rich in novel biomolecules and can be explored for the development of drugs to combat lifestyle diseases like cancer, diabetes etc. Red algae are known for their nutraceutical and functional importance. But there are a lot of limitations regarding their availability and in estimating which algal fractions are biologically active. Similarly, the mode of digestion of such compounds in human body is not yet properly traced. In this juncture, the present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the red alga, Gracilaria dura. Methanolic extract of G. dura showed the presence of reducing sugar, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and terpenoids. Further, the HPLC analysis was attempted to fractionate the polyphenolics. Various phenolic acids such as of gallic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic, phloroglucinol, catechol and cinnamic acid were identified. Subsequently, the methanolic solvent extract of G. dura was subjected to fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of the functional groups. The results based on the spectral data of FTIR revealed the presence of aliphatic constituents containing alkanes, ketones, alkyl halides, hydroxyl groups etc. Thus, the observed finding envisages that methanolic extract of G. dura contained potential bioactive compounds which can be used for analysing the various biological activities. Keywords: Gracilaria dura, Phytochemical, Methanolic extract, HPLC, FTIR

scholarly journals PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY GROWN CULTURES OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-571
Author(s):  
Ritu Chauhan ◽  
◽  
Abhishek Chauhan ◽  
Ashutosh Tripathi ◽  
Anuj Ranjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Algal Group ◽  
Diverse Application

COVID-19 pandemic has taught the world researchers the urgent need for new sources and novel pharmaceuticals not only for existing diseases but also for both seasonal epidemics and future pandemics. Pharmaceutical drug discoveries for the past fifty years depended deeply on the procedure of empirical transmission of a huge number of pure bioactive compounds to provide new leads. The screening of extracts or isolating compounds is a common way to discover novel biologically active molecules. Most of the valuable Blue-Green algal metabolites are concentrated in their biomass. For existence in nature, Blue-Green algae (BGA) secrete and contain various organic substances like proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and these compounds are explored for potential biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including the anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19), anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, protease inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. Due to their diverse application, pharmaceutical companies have shown commercial interest in the Blue-green algal group for the discovery and development of novel molecules to combat deadly diseases for the benefit of society and mankind. The current review paper highlights and discusses the diverse pharmaceutical potential of laboratory-grown cultures of BGA along with comprehensive and current knowledge on bioactive compounds discovered by researchers globally.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of Cladophora glomerata: green marine algae

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Usha N. S. ◽  
Sabari Anand J. V. ◽  
Mangaiyarkarasi .
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ms Analysis

Background: Seaweeds since ages are excellent source of biologically active ingredients. Several Asian countries have a strong tradition of using various seaweeds in herbal medicines preparations. These plants contain various phytochemical constituents having biological activities. Seaweeds are the source of phytochemicals namely agar-agar, carrageenan and algin, which are extensively used in various industries such as food, confectionary, textiles, pharmaceuticals, dairy and paper industries mostly as gelling, stabilizing and thickening agents. They are also used for human consumption, animal feed and as manure in several countries. Several Asian countries are using various seaweeds in traditional medicines.Methods: In the present study, the shade dried and methanolic extract of Cladophora glomerata, a marine green algae was subjected to preliminary phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis(GC-MS) to identify the various bioactive components.Results: The methanolic extract of Cladophora glomerata revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, diterpenes and carbohydrates. The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of Cladophora glomerata showed the presence of 42 different compounds. The major compounds were dibutyl phthalate (27.07%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (9.58%), 1,2-benzene-di-carboxylic acid (8.11%), octatriacontyl trifluoroacetate (6.81%), cholesterol (6.66%).Conclusions: Thus, in the present study of Cladophora glomerata, phytochemical and GC-MS analysis provides an important novel information to support further ongoing studies to evaluate structure of bioactive compound and its pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical evaluation and pharmacognostic standardization of Syzygium palghatense endemic to Western Ghats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Snehalatha ◽  
A. R. Rasmi
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Abstract Background The plants belonging to the genus Syzygium has received much attention since ancient times due to its multidimensional uses for mankind. These plants in general, reported to contain a wide array of phytomolecules with a broad spectrum of biological activities that include antihypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antihypertensive properties. The pharmacological potential of S. palghatense which is endemic to Western Ghats has not yet been investigated. The present study was intended to examine the potential benefits of the leaves and bark of S. palghatense. Results Morpho-anatomical studies of S. palghatense provided useful details for the identification. The pharmacological characterization of the plants shows significant results in their studied parameters. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in methanolic extracts of leaves and bark of S. palghatense. Methanolic extract of the leaves and bark have superior antioxidant capacity when compared with the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and distilled water extracts. A significant result in alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzyme activity was exhibited when antidiabetic study was performed. Conclusion The current study showed that the methanolic extract of S. palghatense leaves and bark have significant pharmacognostic properties and potential antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds. Phytochemical studies portray the presence of several biologically active secondary metabolites, including essential oil, alkaloid, glycosides, carbohydrate, tannins, reducing sugar, phenolics, and saponins, which may be the reason for its biological properties. As compared to bark, leaves of S. palghatense possess significant activity toward all the biological properties tested.

scholarly journals Algae Bioactive Constituents and Possible Role During COVID-19 Pandemic (A review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Sayed Rashad ◽  
Ghadir El-Chaghaby
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Algal Products

Nowadays, the use of natural bio-products in pharmaceuticals is gaining popularity as safe alternatives to chemicals and synthetic drugs. Algal products are offering a pure, healthy and sustainable choice for pharmaceutical applications. Algae are photosynthetic microorganisms that can survive in different environmental conditions. Algae have many outstanding properties that make them excellent candidate for use in therapeutics. Algae grow in fresh and marine waters and produce in their cells a wide range of biologically active chemical compounds. These bioactive compounds are offering a great source of highly economic bio-products. The present review discusses the phytochemical and bioactive compounds present in algae biomass and their potent biological activities. The review focuses on the use of alga in therapy and their pharmaceutical applications with special reference to the possible preventive and therapeutic role of algae against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Polyphenolic profiles in edible Annona spp. using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Manjunath J Shetty ◽  
K. R Vasudeva ◽  
T Sakthivel ◽  
G. J Suresh ◽  
H. C Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition

Polyphenolic compounds of fruits of various plant species play an important role in physiological functions related to human health. Polyphenols have important biological activities like antioxidant activity which helps in normal functioning of human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the profiles of polyphenolic compounds in different edible Annona spp. fruits. Total of eighteen identified individual phenolic compounds were found, among which p-coumaric acid (321.53-90.17µg g-1FW), o-coumaric acid (70.80-19.00µg g-1FW), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (39.49-10.43µg g-1FW), caffeic acid (35.26-3.43µg g-1FW), gentisic acid (24.69-10.46µg g-1FW), protocatechuic acid (17.04-4.23µg g-1FW), t-cinnamic acid (22.68-3.93µg g-1FW) and ferulic acid (21.78-3.43µg g-1FW) were abundant in annona fruits while benzoic acid (23.28-4.61µg g-1FW), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1.79-0.31µg g-1FW), salicylic acid (6.00-2.40µg g-1FW), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (6.05-0.88µg g-1FW), vanillic acid.  (19.13-2.16µg g-1FW), gallic acid (15.88-2.74µg g-1FW), ellagic acid (1.12-0.20µg g-1FW), syringic acid (0.78-0.34µg g-1FW) and sinapic acid (2.16-0.79µg g-1FW) were limited. However, chlorogenic acid was not detected. The results obtained in this study will furnish a better knowledge of the polyphenolic composition in annona fruits.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds from an endophytic fungi Nigrospora aurantiaca

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safwan Safwan ◽  
George Hsiao ◽  
Tzong-Huei Lee ◽  
Ching-Kuo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
No Production ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra

Abstract Background Many groups of fungi live as an endophyte in plants. Both published and undiscovered bioactive compounds can be found in endophytic fungi. Various biological activities of bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi had been reported, including anti-inflammatory and anticancerous effects. The chemical investigation of biologically active compounds from endophytic fungi Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. have not yet been stated. Results One new compound, namely nigaurdiol (1), along with five known compounds, xyloketal K (2), bostrycin (3), deoxybostrycin (4), xylanthraquinone (5), and ergosterol (6), were isolated from the Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. associated fungal strain Nigrospora aurantiaca#TMU062. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and compared with literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for inhibitory effect of NO production in LPS-activated microglial BV-2 cells. Conclusions Compound 6 exhibited considerable inhibitory effect on NO production with IC50 values of 7.2 ± 1.4 µM and the survival rate of the cells was 90.8 ± 6.7% at the concentration of 10 µM.

scholarly journals Biological Activities and GCMS Analysis of the Methanolic Extract of Christia vespertilionis (L.F.) Bakh. F. Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Zahidah Nasuha Mohd Yasin ◽  
Muhammad Asyaari Zakaria ◽  
Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat Zin ◽  
Nadiah Ibrahim ◽  
Fatin Sofia Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Nih 3T3 ◽  
Mcf 7

Christia vespertilionis (L.F) Bakh. F. (red butterfly wing) is commonly used as a herbal medicine to treat symptoms of many diseases. The present study aimed to determine the in vitro antimalarial and cytotoxic activities as well as investigate the chemical compositions of the methanolic extract of C. vespertilionis leaves (CVME). The antimalarial activity of CVME against a chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of Plasmodium falciparum was assessed by using a malarial SYBR Green I fluorescence-based (MSF) assay. The cytotoxic effect of CVME on cancerous (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous (NIH/3T3) cell lines were evaluated by using methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Chemical constituents of CVME were analysed by using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). CVME exhibited a moderate antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 43.87 ± 2.04 µg/mL. CVME is considered as weak cytotoxic and significantly inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 37.45 ± 1.05 µg/mL (p<0.05) as compared to standard MCF-7 (IC50>100 μg/mL) and NIH/3T3 cells (IC50>100 μg/mL). This effect is selectively cytotoxic towards certain cancerous cells only. GCMS analysis suggests that CVME potentially contains several pharmacologically bioactive compounds such as tetrahydro-2-methyl- thiophene (61.77%), phytol (8.59%), 10-undecenoic acid (5.00%), 6-methyl heptyl-2-propanoate  (4.96%) and 2-(2-benzothiazolylthio)-1-(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)-ethanone  (2.70%) that might possess antimalarial and cytotoxic activities. It implies that CVME has selective cytotoxic activity against the breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and possesses an antimalarial activity against the 3D7 malaria parasite, suggesting the presence of bioactive compounds in C. vespertilionis leaves that could be a potential source of phytochemicals with high medicinal value to be used in cancer and malaria treatment.     Keywords: Christia vespertilionis, antimalarial activity, anticancer activity, cytotoxic activity, bioactive compounds.

Characterization of Antifungal Secondary Metabolites Produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Screening of its Chemical Compounds Using GC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Mohanad Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Bioactives were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) techniques, then the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of the methanolic extract was evaluated. Twenty two bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae. GC-MS analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed the existence of the 6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid , phenylmethyl ester , (Z,Z,Z)-, 5,7-Dodecadiyn-1,12-diol, 1,4 Decadiyne, 10,12-Octadecadiynoic acid, 1-Cyclopropyl-3,4-epoxyhex-5-en-1-yne, N,N-Dimethyl-3-methoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, Ethenetricarbonitrile , 3,4-xylidino, Pentyl glycolate, 3-(1,1'-Biphenyl-4-yl)butanenitrile, 4'-Amino-6-methoxyyaurone, Ethanone , 2,2'-(octahydro-2,3-quinoxalinediylidene)bis[1-phe, 1,1'-Bicyclohexyl , 4-methoxy-4'-propyl-, [1.4]Bipiperidinyl-4'-carboxamide , 1'-(chlorobenzenesulfony, 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine ,Vinylsulfonamide, 1-Phenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)diazene 1-oxide, N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-p-isopropylbenzamide, 1-phenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-diazene 1-oxide, 1-Benzylindole, Isophthalic acid , di(2-methoxyethyl) ester, 1-Tert , butyl -3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)diaziridine, 4-Dehydroxy-N-(4,5-methylenedioxy-2-nitrobenzylidene)tyram. Datura stramonium (Alkaloids) was very highly active (6.481±0.24) mm. The results of anti-fungal activity produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae showed that the volatile compounds were highly effective to suppress the growth of Aspergillus flavus (6.287±0.30). Klebsiella pneumoniae produce many important secondary metabolites with high biological activities. Based on the significance of employing bioactive compounds in pharmacy to produce drugs for the treatment of many diseases, the purification of compounds produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae can be useful.

scholarly journals Evalution of Phytoconstituents of Syzygium arnottianum Leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Krishna ◽  
M. Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Alkyl Halide ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Mass Detector ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Aim: The present study is carried out to explore the major phytoconstituents and functional groups present in the methanolic extract of the leaves of Syzygium arnottianum using FTIR and GC-MS. Methods: For the identification of the phytochemical constituents, Perkin – Elmer GC Clarus 500 system (Auto system XL) Gas Chromatograph equipped and coupled to a mass detector Turbo mass gold – Perkin Elmer Turbomass 5.2 spectrometer with an Elite – 5MS (5% Diphenyl / 95% Dimethyl poly siloxane), 30m x 0.25 μm DF of capillary column is used. The molecular weight and structure of the compounds were determined by analysis of the mass spectrum of GC-MS using the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST) library data. For the analysis of functional groups, ATR- FTIR spectroscope (Shimadzu IR Prestige-21) is used. Results: The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of S. arnottianum revealed the presence of 11 bioactive compounds with valuable biological activities. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of alcohol, alkane, alkene, alkyl halide, alkyne, amine, aromatic, carbonyl, ether, acid, aldehyde, anhydride and ester. Conclusion: The phytochemical profile of the plant S. arnottianum leaf extract indicates the presence of various bioactive compounds which can be utilised further for medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening of Pulsatilla species and investigation of their biological activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Łaska ◽  
Aneta Sienkiewicz ◽  
Marcin Stocki ◽  
Jordan K. Zjawiony ◽  
Vimal Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Pulsatilla Patens

The present study aimed to identify biologically active secondary metabolites from the rare plant species, <em>Pulsatilla patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and the cultivated <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em>. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the roots of <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> resulted in the isolation of two oleanane-type glycosides identified as hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-β-d-glucopyranoside (2.7 mg) and hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3.3 mg, patensin). HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of the crude root of <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em> revealed the presence of <em>Pulsatilla</em> saponin D (hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-l-arabinopyranoside). Chromatographic analysis using GC-MS of the silylated methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of these species identified the presence of carboxylic acids, such as benzoic, caffeic, malic, and succinic acids. The extracts from <em>Pulsatilla</em> species were tested for their antifungal, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activities, and cytotoxicity to mammalian cell lines. Both <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em> were active against the fungus <em>Candida glabrata</em> with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) values of 9.37 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL, respectively. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for cytotoxicity evaluation were in the range of 32–38 μg/mL for <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and 35–57 μg/mL for <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em> for each cell line, indicating general cytotoxic activity throughout the panel of evaluated cancer and noncancer cells.

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