scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Potential of Plumbago zeylanica L.: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Mohd Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Microbial Potential ◽  
Memory Enhancer

Plumbago zeylanica L. (Pz) is one of the most important medicinal plant belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a perennial shrub, growing throughout India and most places of Sri Lanka. It contains various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, naphthoquinones, glycoside, saponins, steroids, tri-terpenoids, coumarins, phenolic compounds etc. Of all the chemical constituents, plumbagin is the principal active compound. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone-C11H8O3) is primarily present in roots in higher amounts with only about 1% in the whole plant. The literature reveals that the root and root bark have a wider claim in traditional medicines against various diseases as a memory enhancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-infertility, anticancer, blood coagulation, and anti-oxidant activities. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of this plant. Keyword: Plumbago zeylanica; Sheetraj; Chitrak; Anti-inflammatory; Antimicrobial; Traditional uses

Chemical Composition of Aegle marmelos: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
Yogita Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aegle marmelos (Bilva) is being used in Ayurveda for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders. The plant is a member of a fixed dose combination of Dashamoola in Ayurveda. However, the usage of roots/root bark or stems is associated with sustainability concerns. Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) is an important medicinal plant of India. Leaves, fruits, stem and roots of A. marmelos have been used in ethno medicine to exploit its' medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal antidysenteric, demulcent, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds purified from bael have been proven to be biologically active against several major diseases including cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Preclinical studies indicate the therapeutic potential of crude extracts of A. marmelos in the treatment of many microbial diseases, diabetes and gastric ulcer. This review covers the biological activities of some isolated chemical constituents of A. marmelos and preclinical studies on some crude extracts and pure compounds to explore novel bioactive compounds for therapeutic application. Aegle marmelos (L.) is a seasonal fruit that contains significant amounts of bioactives like, phenolic acids (gallic acids, 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid), flavonoid (rutin), organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid), vitamin C, vitamin B group (thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, cobalamins, riboflavin), tocopherols (α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol), carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, δ-carotene) and also rich in essential minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, copper, manganese). Hence the use of aegle plays important role as anti-inflammatory.

scholarly journals Syzygium Samarangense : A Review on its Pharmacognostical, Pharmacological and Phytochemical Proৎile

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6066-6078
Author(s):  
Greeshma G Nair ◽  
Sathianarayanan S
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The objective of this review is to document briefly about the chemical constituents, pharmacognostical evaluation and biological activities of Syzygium samarangense belongs to the family Myrtaceae. It is generally called Java Apple, Wax Apple, Blume, Chambekka etc. Syzygium samarangense traditionally used as an astringent. It is also used to treat fever and halt diarrhea. The whole plant contains flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, gallic acid, ellagic acid, squalene, botulin, lupeol, sitosterol, mixture of cycloartenol stearate, lupenyl stearate, β-sitosterol stearate, vitamins and minerals which bearing anti-oxidant, anti- microbial, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, CNS, Anti- diarrheal, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. In this review, different parts of the plant, their phytochemical constituents and their corresponding biological activities have been explored. The literatures reported that the fruit part contains carotene, anthocyanin and vescalagin which is used as antioxidant, anti- microbial and hypoglycemic effect. The leaf part contains myricetin, strobopinine, epigallocatechin, aurentiacin which bearing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect. The alcoholic extracts of leaves, seeds, root bearing analgesic, anti- inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide, antioxidant, cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cell, the studies revealed that the extracts showed a potent anti- microbial activity against salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, candida albicans etc. The aqueous extract of fruit prevents diabetes mellitus in rats.

Calotropis gigantea- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Snehal Lad ◽  
Priya S. Rao ◽  
Dattaprasad N Vikhe
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
History Of Use

Calotropis gigantea plant has a family Asclepiadaceae commonly and sub family Apocynaceae known as Madar in Hindi. It is a perennial herb with a very long history of use in traditional medicines. Calotropis gigantea is a hoary, laticiferous shrub, which is also known as “the milkweed”. Calotropis is used as a traditional medicinal plant in whole world. Calotropis gigantea plant contain chemical constituents in which cardenolides, flavonoids, terpenes, pregnanes and nonprotein amino acid and more in various concentration. The root bark contains α-amyrin, β-amyrin, taraxasterol and its ψ-isomer taraxasteryl isovalerate, taraxasteryl acetate, gigantin, giganteol, isogiganteol, β-sitosterol and wax. The rootalso shows Nootropic activity in methanolic extract. The latex, leaves, flowers and bark are used as caustic, acrid, expectorant, to removes body hairs, anthelmintics and alsoused in leprosy, ulceration, cough, scabies ring worm of the scalp, piles, explosion on the body, asthma, enlargement of spleen or liver, edema and in painful joint swellings. Also, evaluate possible anxiogenic effect, sedative action and anxiolytic potential of crude ethanolic extract of Calotropis gigantealeaf. Methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea root used as memory increasing activity. This review gives an idea about its pharmacological activity and phytochemistry.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF KHATMI (ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS LINN.): AN IMPORTANT MUCILAGINOUS PLANT AND ITS UTILIZATION IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Mazhar Husain ◽  
M Zaigham ◽  
Hamiduddin . ◽  
Abdul Wadud ◽  
Mohd Akhtar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Traditional medicines / drugs are helpful for management of life style disorders and chronic and acute diseases. Khatmi (Althea officinalis Linn.) is a one of the commonly used drugs that has potential for management of many diseases. The meaning of Khatmi (Marshmallow) is Kaseer-al-manafe (Multi actions) in Unani literature. Roots, flowers and seeds of Khatmi are used as a medicament. According to Unani texts the main actions of Khatmi are demulcent, expectorant, defragment, concoctive, astringent, detergent and repellent. It is also used as part of many traditional recipes. Analgesic, emollient, antitussive and diuretic activity are the most ethnobotanical and traditional medicine considerations; also used in Unani medicine for the treatment of the different inflammatory conditions e.g., metritis (Warme reham), enteritis (Warme amaa), mastitis (Warme pistan), arthritis (Waja ul mafasil) etc. Alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, Flavonoids, Polysaccharides, Phytosterols, Fatty acids, Mucilages, Hydroxybenzoic acid etc. are its main Chemical constituents. The whole plant parts yields mucilage in decoction and infusions, which is very useful in case of several ailments of mucous membranes. The scientifically proven / reported pharmacological activities are antitussive, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, UV exposure protective, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulating, antioxidant, antifungal, hepatoprotective, ulcer protective etc. These all findings reveal immense utility of Khatmi and scope for developing as a potent therapeutic tool particularly in contemporary lifestyle and also in immune susceptible diseases which is an emerging concern.

Studies on the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities from Aquilaria sinensis

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Chen ◽  
TP Cheng ◽  
LC Hung ◽  
KL Liu ◽  
SL Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

A Review on Plant Antimicrobials of Past Decade

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 812-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preet Amol Singh ◽  
Sapna D. Desai ◽  
Jasbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Synthetic Molecules

As per WHO reports, about three-quarters (65-80%) of the world’s population seek plants or plant-derived natural products for various diseases. The slow discovery of new synthetic molecules and rising resistance in microbes against existing ones has triggered an alarm for speeding up the development process for new molecules. Traditional system(s) of medicine and plant resources has been foresighted again by researchers to circumvent the situation. This review represents various plant genera which, either as a whole plant or their parts, have been reported possessing antimicrobial properties during the last decade. Before 2007, literature is already well cited in various books and reviews.

Phytochemical, Pharmacological Activities and Ayurvedic Significances of Magical Plant Mimosa pudica Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Mimosa pudica Linn is an integrated part of Traditional Medicines Systems of India, China, Africa, Korea and America. It has been used from centuries in traditional medicines to cure different diseases like fever, diabetes, constipation, jaundice, ulcers, biliousness, and dyspepsia. It is an important ingredient of wide class of herbal formulations. To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic potential of Mimosa pudica Linn and to identify the gaps for future research. The available information on the ethno-medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Mimosa pudica Linn was collected via a library and electronic searches in Sci-Finder, Pub-Med, Science Direct, Google Scholar for the period, 1990 to 2020. In traditional medicinal systems, variety of ethno-medicinal applications of Mimosa pudica Linn has been noticed. Phytochemical investigation has resulted in identification of 40 well known chemical constituents, among which alkaloids, phenols and flavionoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and isolates have exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, hypertension etc.. To quantify the Mimosa pudica Linn and its formulations, analytical techniques like HPLC and HPTLC has shown dominancy with good range of recovery and detection limit. Mimosa pudica Linn is the well-known herb since an ancient time. The pharmacological results supported some of the applications of Mimosa pudica Linn in traditional medicine systems. Perhaps, the predominance of alkaloids, phenols and flavionoids are responsible for the pharmacological activities the crude extracts and isolates of Mimosa pudica Linn. Further, there is need to isolate and evaluate the active chemical constituents of Mimosa pudica Linn having significant medicinal values. In future, it is important to study the exact mechanism associated with the phytochemicals of Mimosa pudica Linn especially on anti-cancer activities. Notably, toxicity studies on Mimosa pudica Linn are limited which are to be explored in future for the safe application of Mimosa pudica Linn and its formulations.

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Cissus Aralioides.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balogun Olaoye Solomon ◽  
Ajayi Olukayode Solomon ◽  
Owolabi Temitayo Abidemi ◽  
Oladimeji Abdulkarbir Oladele ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chromatographic Purification ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
First Time

: Cissus aralioides is a medicinal plant used in sub-Saharan Africa for treatment of infectious diseases; however the chemical constituents of the plant have not been investigated. Thus, in this study, attempt was made at identifying predominant phytochemical constituents of the plant through chromatographic purification and silylation of the plant extract, and subsequent characterization using spectroscopic and GC-MS techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) for the antibacterial activities of the plant extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated compounds were also examined. Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate fraction from the whole plant afforded three compounds: β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and friedelin (3). The phytosterols (1 and 2) were obtained together as a mixture. The GC-MS analysis of silylated extract indicated alcohols, fatty acids and sugars as predominant classes, with composition of 24.62, 36.90 and 26.52% respectively. Results of MICs indicated that friedelin and other chromatographic fractions had values (0.0626-1.0 mg/mL) comparable with the standard antibiotics used. Characterization of natural products from C. aralioides is being reported for the first time in this study.

Fibrinolytic, Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Potentialities of Extracts and Chemical Constituents of Manglicolous Lichen, Graphis ajarekarii Patw. & C. R. Kulk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula ◽  
Girija Sastry Vedula
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Rat Paw Oedema

Background: Lichens which are betide to mangroves are termed as Manglicolous Lichens (ML). As these ML are habituated under stress conditions, they are screened for unique metabolites and biological activities. Objective: The study aimed to establish the chemical and biological profile of ML, Graphis ajarekarii. Methods: The Ethyl Acetate Extract of G. ajarekarii (EAE) was subjected to chromatographic techniques and the obtained isolates were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The hydroalcoholic extract of G. ajarekarii (AE), EAE, isolates and Hydroalcoholic Extract of host (HE) were evaluated for fibrinolytic (fibrin clot method), in vitro (protein denaturation method) and in vivo (formalin-induced rat paw oedema assay), anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) activities. Results: Chemical investigation of the EAE led to the isolation of two known compounds namely atranorin (1) and ribenone (2), which were confirmed by spectral data. The AE and EAE gradually lysed the fibrin clot with 94.54 and 65.07%, respectively, at 24 h. The AE inhibited protein denaturation of about 88.06%, while the standard (Indomethacin) with 93.62%. Similarly, the in vivo antiinflammatory analysis of AE (200 mg/mL) showed potent reduction of rat paw oedema than the standard, whereas EAE and 1 depicted moderate depletion. In addition, the AE revealed prominence inhibition on MCF-7, DU145 and K-562 with IC50 values of 69.5, 42.5 and 38 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the HE exhibited mild inhibitory profile against fibrin clot, inflammation and cancer. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that the G. ajarekarii has an aptitude to act against coagulation, inflammation and cancer cells.

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