Chemical investigation, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of different parts of Capparis spinosa extracts

Capparis spinosa (Capparidacea), is one of the most used medicinal plants worldwide. It is used for the treatment of various diseases because of its biological and pharmacological effect, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and antibacterial. Phytochemical analysis of the plant showed that it is a rich source of bioactive constituents, including alkaloids, glucosinolates, tocopherols, carotenoids and polyphenols, which have led to C. spinosa being considered as a promising medicinal plant. Our study aims to detail the chemical profiles of the present bioactive responsible for the pharmacological effects of C. spinosa; it also aims to experimentally demonstrate the presence of polyphenols in different parts of the plant as well as their antimicrobial effects. For this, we used methanolic and aqueous extracts of the different parts of the plant picked in Beni Aziz in the Sétif region (North-east of Algeria). The extracts subjected to TLC and HPLC showed that they were rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids. This led to find that rutin was the most dominant compound in most of our extracts. On the other hand, the antimicrobial effect was tested by the disk diffusion method on three bacterial strains: E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and two fungi: C. albicans and A. flavus. Candida albicans’s antifungal effect of our extracts was absent. While the same extracts showed a slight inhibitory activity against Aspergillus flavus. As for the antibacterial effect, it exists only for the methanolic extract of the twigs against Staphylococcus aureus. While the other extracts only showed a slight inhibitory activity against the same strain. The other strains of bacteria were resistant to all extracts at any used concentration. Keywords: Capparis spinosa, Pharmacological effect, Chemical investigation, antibacterial activity, phenolic compounds, antifungal activity.

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Development of Antidandruff Shampoo from the Fermented Product of Ocimum sanctum Linn.

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics5030043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chanun Punyoyai ◽

Sasithorn Sirilun ◽

Panuwan Chantawannakul ◽

Wantida Chaiyana

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Fermented Product ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

High Level ◽

High Antifungal Activity

This study aimed to investigate Malassezia furfur inhibitory activity of the fermented product from Ocimum sanctum and develop an antidandruff shampoo. The fermented product was obtained by the fermentation process of the aerial part of O. sanctum. Total soluble protein was detected in the fermented product with the amount of 65.32 ± 0.14 mg/100 mL, whereas there was no organic acid. The inhibitory activity against four strains of M. furfur (No. 133, 656, 6000, and 7966) of the fermented product and shampoos containing the fermented product were investigated by broth dilution and agar diffusion method, respectively. The fermented product possessed high antifungal activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations for 50% (MIC50) of M. furfur 133, 656, 6000, and 7966 of 0.125, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the antifungal activity against M. furfur 656 was comparable to that of ketoconazole. Shampoo formulation C, which was the best formulation in terms of characteristics and stability, obtained a high level of satisfaction scores in terms of hair smoothness, hair shine, ease in combing, frizz reduction, and triboelectric reduction while brushing. Additionally, the shampoo containing 2% (w/w) of the fermented product of O. sanctum also possessed inhibitory activity against M. furfur 133, 656, 6000, and 7966 with inhibition zones of 13.2 ± 1.6, 12.8 ± 1.1, 18.7 ± 0.3, and 17.0 ± 1.1 mm respectively. Therefore, this shampoo was suggested for use as an antidandruff shampoo.

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A comparative evaluation of Kumaun Himalayan Gymnosperms for their Antifungal potential against plant pathogenic fungi

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2018.7302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 230-241

Author(s):

Savita Joshi ◽

◽

Parikshit Kumar ◽

Prabha Pant ◽

SC Sati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Total Activity ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Cedrus Deodara ◽

Araucaria Cunninghamii

Fungicidal activity of 10 ethnobotanically known Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermous plants namely Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana and Pinus wallichiana were tested against six plant disease causing fungal pathogens by agar well-diffusion method. Forty extracts of these gymnospermic leaves in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) were studied by performing the 160 sets of experiments. The MIC values of each extract (where % inhibition ≥ 40%) were also determined. All the plant extracts exhibited strong antifungal activity. Results indicated that all leaves extracts of C. griffithi and G. biloba were found most effective among the tested plants extracts. Hexane extract of C. griffithi was showed highest inhibitory activity against C. falcatum (72%; MIC, 7.81µg/ml) and T. indica (70%; MIC, 15.62µg/ml). On the other hand, ethanol extract of G. biloba also showed remarkable activity against P. oryzae (66% with MIC, 7.81g/ml). While P. wallichiana leave extracts were found less active among the studied plants against all the tested fungal strains. The chloroform extracts were found the most effective against all the tested fungi (10% to 60%), followed by ethanol extract (30-50%), methanol extract (20-40%), while in hexane extracts ranged 10-30% only. The extracts of C. griffithi exhibited superior Relative Antifungal Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by G. biloba and A. cunninghamii (RAA, 19 and 12%, respectively). All data were also analyzed for determination of total activity of plant for each studied species of gymnosperm. C. griffithi had maximum activity i.e. 71 % followed by G. biloba (54%) and A. cunninghamii (33%). C. torulosa showed the least total activity and RAA i.e. 8% and 3%, respectively. All the plant species assayed possess definite antifungal properties and suggested for phytochemical analysis to identify the active principles responsible for their antifungal activity

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PIMENTA DIOICA (L.) MERRIL AN AROMATIC MEDICINAL TREE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.9924 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akhilesh Bhat ◽

Raveesha K. A.

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Rf Values ◽

Pimenta Dioica

Objective: To assess the antifungal activities of the extracts of leaves of Pimenta dioica against human pathogenic fungi and identify the class of phytochemical responsible for the biological activity.Methods: The shade dried, and powdered leaves of Pimenta dioica were subjected to polarity based solvent extraction by soaking. The extracts were dried in a rotary flash evaporator and subjected to antifungal activity assay against Candida albicans, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum, by disc diffusion method. Antifungal active petroleum ether extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis to identify the active compound. The extract was then subjected to Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Bioautography, by agar overlay method. The fractions were collected by Preparative TLC method and subjected to antifungal activity assay by disc diffusion method. Further, the Libermann-Burchard test was conducted to detect the broad group of compounds responsible for the bioactivity.Results: Among the five extracts viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous, the petroleum ether extract showed significant antifungal activity against Microsporum canis (50 mm), Microsporum gypseum (60 mm) and Candida albicans (23 mm). Terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids were found to be the chief constituents of the petroleum ether extract. The TLC of the extract revealed 7 spots with the Rf values 0.37, 0.42, 0.45, 0.52, 0.59, 0.76, 0.96 with the solvent system of hexane and acetone (1:0.5). The bioautography assay revealed inhibitory activity in the spots at Rf values 0.52 and 0.59. These fractions obtained by preparative TLC also confirmed the same. The phytochemical analysis of the fractions on the TLC plate suggests that the compound is triterpene or steroid.Conclusion: The antifungal activity of Pimenta dioica and the bioactive phytochemical has been reported in the present study. Preliminary phytochemical analysis has indicated that the compounds are triterpenes or steroids. The results indicate that the active compounds are potential lead molecules for new antifungal drugs in the management of infectious fungi.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities ofCola nitidaBark

Biochemistry Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/493879 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon ◽

Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja ◽

Nafan Diarrassouba ◽

Haziz Sina ◽

Adolphe Adjanohoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Meat Products ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽

Free Radical Activity ◽

Cola Nitida

Kola nut is chewed in many West African cultures and is used ceremonially. The aim of this study is to investigate some biological effects ofCola nitida’s bark after phytochemical screening. The bark was collected, dried, and then powdered for the phytochemical screening and extractions. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ofC. nitidawere used in this study. The antibacterial activity was tested on ten reference strains and 28 meat isolatedStaphylococcusstrains by disc diffusion method. The antifungal activity of three fungal strains was determined on the Potato-Dextrose Agar medium mixed with the appropriate extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Our data revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals. For the reference and meat isolated strains, the inhibitory diameter zone was from17.5±0.7 mm (C. albicans) to9.5±0.7 mm (P. vulgaris). The MIC ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 5.000 mg/mL and the MBC from 0.625 mg/mL to >20 mg/mL. The highest antifungal activity was observed withF. verticillioidesand the lowest one withP. citrinum. The two extracts have an excellent reducing free radical activity. The killing effect ofA. salinalarvae was perceptible at 1.04 mg/mL. The purified extracts ofCola nitida’s bark can be used to hold meat products and also like phytomedicine.

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Lactobacilli From Buffalo Milk and Yogurt With Antibacterial Activity Against Gram-Negative Uropathogens

Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.34172/ajcmi.2020.24 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 109-113

Author(s):

Sahar Baie ◽

Ania Ahani Azari ◽

Teena Dadgar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

North East ◽

Study Results ◽

Tract Infections

Background: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus strains isolated from buffalo milk and yogurt in Aliabad-e Katul city, Golestan province, north-east of Iran. Methods: Raw milk and yogurt samples were collected and cultured on MRS medium by incubating anaerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. The suspected colonies were identified on the basis of Gram staining, biochemical tests, and carbohydrates fermentation. The antibacterial activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) extracted from Lactobacillus strains was determined using the agar well diffusion method against standard strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 11303, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 as well as gram-negative uropathogens previously isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Three isolates of E. coli (E1, E2, and E3), two isolates of P. aeruginosa (P1 and P2), and two isolates of K. pneumoniae (K1 and K2) were used in this study. Results: A total of 19 Lactobacillus strains were identified as L. plantarum, L. casei, L. acidophilus, and L. helveticus. Based on the results of antibacterial activity test, the isolates had the highest and lowest inhibitory effects on the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Among the isolates, only L. casei isolates showed inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusions: In this study, Lactobacilli from buffalo milk and yogurt demonstrated a good inhibitory activity against E. coli as a common cause of urinary tract infection. Therefore, further studies are recommended to elucidate their potential for being used as an alternative to antibiotic therapy.

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IN-VITROSTUDIES ON ANTIFUNGALACTIVITY OF SOMEMISTLETOE SPECIES

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (06) ◽

pp. 420-427

Author(s):

R. Neelima ◽

◽

B. Sujatha ◽

N.V. Ramana ◽

B.V. Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity by disc diffusion method was carried out on leaf extracts of D.falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. monoicum and V. orientale and stem extracts of D. falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. articulatum and V.orientale using three different solvents viz., methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antifungal activity was tested on three fungal strains include Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora infestans, Sclerotium rolfsii. Overall leaf extracts exerted better inhibitory activity than stem counterparts. Among all, only V. orientale was effective against the three fungal species.Compared to stem extracts, leaf extracts of D. falcata var pubescens have shown higher antifungal activity.

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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DRIED FLOWERS OF ADENIUM OBESUM

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i2.33022 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 34-36

Author(s):

SIREESHA KALVA ◽

RAGHUNANDAN N.

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Inhibition Concentration ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To estimate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Adenium obesum (family Apocyanaceae) in association with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The methanolic extract of the flowers of Adenium obesum was prepared and investigated for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract Adenium obesum has been carried out against one gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and one gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the antifungal activity of the plant extract was evaluated on Candida albicans species. The testing was done by the disc diffusion method to visualize the zone of inhibition of methanolic extract was compared with that of standard drug i.e., Ciprofloxacin for antibacterial activity and Fluconazole for antifungal activity. The minimum inhibition concentration was determined by micro dilution method (cup-plate method). Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, proteins and amino acids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tannin, and phenolic compounds. The anti-microbial activity of the methanolic extract of the plant showed significant results against all the three of the test organisms in compare to the standard drugs. Conclusion: The present study concluded that methanolic extract of the flowers of adenium obesum proved the existence of phytochemical constituents. The methanolic extract of the was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards and it can be useful for the development of antibiotics.

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Phytochemical analysis and in vitro screening of antifungal activity of Jatropha multifida, Euphorbia hirta, Occimum gratissimum and Mitracarpus scaber leaves extract

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 098-112

Author(s):

Nwofor Chioma N ◽

Oyeka Christie A ◽

Onyenwe Nathaniel E ◽

Fajana Aqib

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Sensitivity Test ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Euphorbia Hirta ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Mitracarpus Scaber ◽

Jatropha Multifida

The research study was to understudy the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical compounds and antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Jatropha multifida, Euphorbia hirta, Occimum gratissimum and Mitracarpus scaber leaves against 12 species of fungi. The 8 phytochemical compounds tested were saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoid, alkaloid and glycoside. The antifungi sensitivity test was analysed by Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was analysed by broth tube dilution method followed by subculturing the relative samples. The plant extracts were prepared in the concentration range of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50,100 and 200 mg/ml. The antifungal sensitivity test showed that Jatropha multifida (200mg/ml) was weakly effective against Fusarium solani and resistant against others. Occimum gratissimum, Euphorbia hirta and Mitracarpus scaber at (200mg/ml) respectively was highly effective on most of the fungi species tested with zone of inhibition of 10-20mm. Jatropha multifida had MIC and MFC (>200mg/ml), Occimum gratissimum had MIC and MFC (100 and >100mg/ml), Euphorbia hirta (25-200 and 50 - >200mg/ml) and Mitracarpus scaber had (25 - 100 and 50-200mg/ml) on most test isolates respectively. Investigations showed, Mitracarpus scaber were highly effective, followed by Euphorbia hirta, Occimum gratissimum and Jatropha multifida on the test organisms and could be attributed to the presence of phytochemical compounds and as such can be harnessed and used as a source of alternative medicine especially in the tropics like the South-eastern Nigeria.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SOLVENTS ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ORMOCARPUM COCHINCHINENSE AUCT. NON (LOUR.) MERRILL

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15126 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

A. Hannah Hepsibah ◽

G. Jeya Jothi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Objective: Plants contain different classes of phytochemicals which have different levels of solubility in solvents, based on their polarity. Hence, this study aims to compare the effects of various solvents on the phytochemical profile and biological potential of Ormocarpum cochinchinense. The present study is the first to evaluate the antifungal activity of the plant.Methods: The sequential extraction was carried out using two sets of solvent systems namely hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform, acetone, methanol. The extracts were subjected to standard phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against eight bacteria and six fungi and antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Results: Varied range of phytochemicals was found in the extracts. Acetone extract was rich in phenolic compounds, whereas terpenoids were extracted only in methanol. Acetone extracts showed highest antibacterial activity with a maximum zone of 14.5 mm against Shigella flexineri whereas ethyl acetate extract showed the best antifungal activity with the highest zone of inhibition of 12 mm against Trichophyton menta agrophytes. Hexane and chloroform extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity. For DPPH assay, the ethanol extracts showed the highest percentage inhibition of 92.87%. Conclusion: The present investigation on the plant O. cochinchinense has proved that the selection of solvent for extraction should be based on the target compounds and their bioactivity and concludes that acetone was the best for the extraction of antibacterial compounds and ethyl acetate for antifungal compounds whereas, ethanol was the best for extracting antioxidant compounds in O. cochinchinense.

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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Methanolic Extracts from Different Parts of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Cultivated in Bulgaria

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5009-12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 2641-2651

Author(s):

Toncho Dinev ◽

Milena Tzanova ◽

Nikolina Rusenova ◽

Neli Grozeva ◽

Mariya Gerdzhikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

The Other ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Different Parts

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant species which is frequently used not only as a sweetener, but also for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Nowadays, there are a large number of studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of S. rebaudiana leaves, but there are almost no data about the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of extracts from the other parts of S. rebaudiana. The aim of the present study is to provide data of the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts from different parts of S. rebaudiana (flowers, leaves, stems, rhizomes, and tubers) cultivated in Bulgaria. Antibacterial activity of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by agar well diffusion method, rutin content - by HPLC method, total phenolic content and radical scavenging potential - by UV-Vis analysis. S. rebaudiana extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity mainly against S. aureus - flower extracts expressed the highest activity, followed by the leaf and stem extracts. Only flower and leaf extracts demonstrated very low antibacterial activity against B. cereus. S. rebaudiana extracts did not show any antibacterial activity against E. coli. Methanolic extracts of this plant are rich in antioxidants. The highest concentrations of rutin and total phenols were found in the rhizomes of the plants, followed by the leaves, tubers, flowers, and stems, which corresponded to the radical scavenging potential of the same plant part. Comparisons between Trolox equivalents and gallic acid equivalents in different parts of S. rebaudiana on one hand, and Trolox equivalents and rutin concentration on the other hand showed a positive dependence and high values of the Pearson correlation - 0.9612 and 0.9707, respectively. The most important part of S. rebaudiana with medicinal significance (the leaves) has both comparatively good antibacterial activity and high antioxidant content, although the flowers and rhizomes expressed higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity, respectively. The experimental results imply that the cultivation area and climatic conditions of Bulgaria are very suitable for cultivation of S. rebaudiana plants with high content of antioxidants.

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