scholarly journals National priorities and national projects in the housing sector of modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ovsiannikova ◽  
Olga Rabtsevich
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
Typological Structure ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the analysis of implementation efficiency of the housing policy in Russia as the mostimportant direction of the state economic policy. It is noted that all countries rec-ognize the importance of housingsecurity for the health of the nation and economic growth. The studies have shown that problems of housingdevelopment, including the availability and ade-quacy of housing are among the national priorities in the stateeconomic policy and are imple-mented throughout a system of strategic documents and national projects thatdefine goals, ob-jectives, directions and target indicators of the state housing policy. The article shows a system oftarget indicators for the development of the housing sector, which allow us to assess the effec-tiveness of housingpolicy in Russia. The most important indicators are the volume of housing construction and the average housingavailability. Based on the official statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Bankof Russia, the analysis of the dynamics of housing construction development is carried out and the main trendsin housing construction were identified, such as: increased spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of housinginvest-ments, a decrease in the volume of housing construction, an increase in demand for new housing, anda deterioration in the typological structure of built housing. The article shows the impact of project financing and thereduction of mortgage rates on the housing construction dynamics. Us-ing methods of correlation-regression andfactor analysis, as well as scenario approach a forecast of achievability of the target indicators for the developmentof the housing sector in Russia is made. It is concluded that it is essential to adjust the strategic target indicatorsof housing con-struction as well as the state housing policy. Measures to improve availability and adequacy ofhousing for the Russian population are proposed. Acknowledgments. The reported research was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research and by theTomsk Region Government, grant No. 18-410-700013

Federation of Malaysia

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-158
Author(s):  
Daniel Pascoe
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Capital Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

As with Chapters 3 and 4, the case study on Malaysia begins with a thorough description of the country’s death penalty laws and practice, and Malaysia’s publicly known clemency practice over the period under analysis (1991–2016). Thereafter, for both the Malaysian (Chapter 5) and Indonesian (Chapter 6) cases, the potential explanatory factors for clemency incidence are more complex than for Thailand and Singapore, given these two jurisdictions’ more moderate rates of capital clemency and fluctuating political policies on capital punishment over time. Available statistics suggest that Malaysia’s clemency rate is moderately high, at between 55 and 63 per cent of finalized capital cases. Malaysia is a federal state where pardons are granted by the hereditary rulers or appointed state governors in state-based cases, or by the Malaysian king (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) in federal and security cases, all on the advice of specially constituted Pardons Boards. Chapter 5 presents the following two explanations for Malaysia’s restrictions on death penalty clemency: prosecutorial/judicial discretion and detention without trial in capital cases, and the Federal Attorney-General’s constitutional role on the State and Federal Pardons Boards. As to why Malaysia’s clemency rate has not then fallen to the miniscule level seen in neighbouring Singapore (with both nations closely comparable, as they were once part of the same Federation of Malaya), Chapter 5 points to the relevant paperwork placed before each Pardons Board, the merciful role played by the Malay monarchy, and the impact of excessively long stays on death row before clemency decisions are reached.

State Housing Policy: European Funding Practices and Realities of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn V. Illiashenko ◽  
Tetiana O. Illiashenko ◽  
Olexander V. Tovstukha
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Cost

The problem of citizen housing providing as a key prerequisite for sustainable development of Ukrainian cities has become especially relevant in the last decade, given a number of factors and objective circumstances. Such circumstances include both the global trend of urbanization and the challenges of today, which are the result of military aggression in the east of the country and the COVID-19 pandemic. All this raises the question of the need to intensify the state housing policy and finding non-standard models and additional reserves and funding sources for housing construction in Ukraine. The authors analysed the main approaches of European countries in the field of social housing. The existence of national peculiarities of the implementation of the state housing policy has been established, as well as the common features of the relevant public service provision by the governments of the EU member states to their citizens have been determined. The authors found that European countries, as a result of a long evolutionary path of development, mostly rely on the model of social housing sector support, which provides subsidies to both the developer during the construction of such housing and the citizens who find themselves in difficult circumstances. At the same time, social housing for the needy is not sold, but rented on preferential terms. The authors of the article on the basis of the Ukraine legislation analysis, according to the results of the proposed funding schemes effect assessment of social housing construction identified the main areas of optimization and further research. It is clearly illustrated that one of the ways to ensure the availability of such housing for those who need it is to reduce the cost of construction through the use of tax privilege for housing cooperatives, the benefits of small business taxation preferences and innovative methods of combining original organizational legal forms of doing business in combination with the use of modern financial instruments, such as derivatives.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of regional housing programs in the context of globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 06022
Author(s):  
Galina Yurievna Novikova ◽  
Mikhail Konstantinovich Beliaev ◽  
Svetlana Evgenievna Karpushova
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
Housing Programs ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups

Global trends have a significant impact on the state housing policy of Russia, which is aimed at solving the housing problems of socially vulnerable groups of the population. Evaluation of the effectiveness of housing programs will determine the most complete and sustainable end result of their implementation. The aim of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of regional housing programs in the context of globalization. As part of this work, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the implementation of housing programs in the Volgograd region. The application of the selected criteria was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the situation in the field of housing policy and the provision of housing for citizens of the Volgograd region. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the housing programs of the Volgograd region is carried out in order to achieve the optimal ratio of the costs associated with their implementation and the results achieved in the course of implementation. The specificity of of regional investment programs in the field of housing construction was determined, the emerging problems are revealed. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of the use of investment resources in the field of housing construction are given.

scholarly journals COMPLEX FEATURES OF Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. FOR TESTING FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
A. R. Bukharova ◽  
A. F. Bukharov ◽  
M. I. Ivanova ◽  
D. N. Baleyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. is distributed in the middle belt of the Pamir and Altai mountains. The local population uses leaves and bulbs for food in fresh and canned form. Selective forms of onion Oshanina still does not exist. The research was carried out in the AllRussian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing" (VNIIO branch of FGBNU FNCS) in 20142017. The object of the study was a collection of five samples of A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch. of various origins. Experiments were conducted to study and describe the biological and economic features of onion Oshanin (Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) In the Moscow region; statistical processing and analysis of research results; methods for describing the characteristics used to assess distinctness, uniformity and stability are given. The object of the research was a collection of five samples A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch. of various origins. Methodical recommendations for registration of onion Oshanin (A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch.) In the State Register of Selection Achievements, admitted to use in the territory of the Russian Federation, for introduction into culture and introduction into production, are developed. The methodological recommendations have been prepared in accordance with the principles of similar methods used in UPOV and the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Preservation of Selection Achievements. A system of parameters has been developed, the use of which will ensure the contribution of new knowledge to the theory and practice of seed selection and production, will help to speed up the development of new varieties and hybrids with high winter hardiness, with early and harmonious growth of leaves, a long period of preservation of commercial qualities of green products resistant to peronosporosis for the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, to assess the effectiveness of selection work in order to increase yields, improve product quality and increase the resistance of new varieties to the impact of factors on of the circling medium. The results of the research can be used in breeding organizations and state stations, in the description of new varieties based on the characteristics used to assess distinctness, uniformity and stability.

scholarly journals Impact of the Demographic Policy on Birth Rates in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-511
Author(s):  
Asiya F. Validova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The State ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demographic Policy

Introduction. The solution to the problem of ensuring demographic growth is one of the most pressing issues of the state policy. In 2007, Russia’s demographic policy was supplemented by new measures to stimulate the birth rate. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the demographic policy programs aimed at supporting families and natality using the case studies of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and Methods. To identify the impact of measures to stimulate the birth rate, the method of regression analysis was used; time series based on age-specific birth rates for each age group were presented. Results. The data obtained showed that the steady trend of increasing the total fertility rate in Russia and Tatarstan since 2007 was almost completely related to the meas- ures under consideration, whereas the number of births was affected by many other factors. According to the results of the study, the impact of measures to increase the birth rate in the Republic of Tatarstan is slightly higher than in Russia as a whole. Discussion and Conclusions. State support measures reduce the costs associated with the birth of a child and can encourage women to have children, which con- firms the hypothesis of the positive impact of the state fertility policy. For a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of the demographic policy measures, it is advisable to take into account the changing social and economic conditions of life in a region, as well as the consequences of the earlier or present-day demographic policy measures. The results of the study are of practical importance and may be used in the development of demographic policies in the country and in the region.

Accumulated Deficiency of Housing Investments in Russia:Threats and Prospects

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Polidi
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Housing Investments ◽  
Existing Housing ◽  
Housing Assets ◽  
Available Resources

The author presents estimations of economic distortions in the Russian housing sector, which have become the result of the housing policy of the last 70 years. Such distortions are explained by the deficiency of investment required for supporting existing housing assets. The author suggests mechanisms for eliminating the gap between investment required and actual one. The study results allow justify the goal of the state housing policy in Russia and determine the optimal strategy for achieving this goal using available resources.

The Free Money Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1530
Author(s):  
K.V. Mal'tsev ◽  
D.E. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Physical Volume ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The development of modern information technologies determines the emergence of new opportunities for obtaining empirical data on household consumption. This allows the formation of new, alternative indicators characterizing various aspects of the standard of living. The article describes one of these indicators, i.e. the free money index. Objectives. The purpose is to show the possibilities of the free money index in the analysis of living standards of the population. Methods. The empirical basis of the study is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service and Romir Consumer Scan Panel. Results. We calculated the free money index for households in Russia from 2008 to 2019. In general, the index has an upward trend, except 2009 and 2015. It includes cities with different population and takes into account the level of inflation, physical volume of purchases by four selected products, and seasonal fluctuations. Conclusions. The free money index, differing from the purchasing power, the wealth index and other indicators, characterizes the structure and changes in household consumption, and objectively reflects the well-being of the population. The free money index computation is necessary for the current analysis of economic and social policy measures. In more general terms, it can also be used to study the household behavior in micro- and macroeconomic aspects, the public welfare, and the impact of income distribution on economic development.

scholarly journals Directions of improving the efficiency of mechanisms of the state risk management in the process of regulation of investment activity in construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
T. F. Nahkur
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Government

The article proves that an important condition for the economic growth of the country is to find effective mechanisms in the state regulation of investment activity in construction, for this it is necessary: to clearly define the priorities for the development of construction for the long-term period; to ensure a system of coherence and stability of the legislative framework, especially on the formation and functioning of special economic zones, territories for priority development; to reduce the tax burden on enterprises investing resources in the investment development of the construction industry; create equal conditions for competition; to direct investment in priority construction projects in terms of efficiency; provide government guarantees to investors and consolidate them at the legislative level; to ensure minimization of investment risks and the like. It was noted that the main tasks of implementing the initiatives of digitalization of state institutions in the process of state regulation of investment in construction. As a result of the conducted research, the organizational and economic model of the state mechanism for attracting investments in the construction of Ukraine has been developed, which differs from the existing components of investment activity in construction (goal, subjects, objects) by the system association, taking into account international directions of state regulation of the industry, methods of forming investment policy in the field of construction; taking into account the modern concept of the development of the digital economy and the society of Ukraine, approved by the government for the next two years. It is noted that in order to solve the housing problem, first of all, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the companies involved in the construction, design and reconstruction of residential buildings. These conditions include improving the system of crediting housing construction (including commercial objects), corporate and monetary funds, attracting additional international resources, etc. Promising elements of housing policy development are the creation of mortgage, residential loans, insurance companies and other market structures that make it possible to finance housing construction. Of course, it is impossible to fully implement a new housing policy without reforming the wage system, which would create conditions for the interest of the population in using their incomes and savings for the construction, acquisition, and rental of housing.

Distinctions and terms of soft financing to Russia's agricultural enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-663
Author(s):  
Kermen A. NAMINOVA
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Subject. Under the current circumstances, the State and commercial banks invent how to support agricultural producers due to the high priority of agriculture for the national security and the high standards of living of people. Soft financing is a mechanism the State uses to support agricultural enterprises, thus stimulating the agricultural production through debt finance. Objectives. I identify distinctions and determine positive and negative aspects of soft financing granted for agricultural producers. Methods. I referred to official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Russian Agricultural Bank. I applied methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the systems approach. Results. I analyzed typical traits of soft financing to agricultural enterprises. The article indicates the role of authorized banks as systemically important credit institutions in Russia as part of the soft financing mechanism. I conducted the comparative analysis of commercial lending and soft financing to businesses, pointed out key differences between their mechanisms. The article spotlights the shortage of working funds, which results from distinctions of the agricultural sector. I investigated the impact of the sectoral and intrasectoral specifics of agriculture on the lending process. Referring to the key differences of commercial lending and soft financing to agricultural producers in the Russian Federation, I figured out positive and negative aspects of soft lending. Conclusions and Relevance. Agricultural producers operate, being exposed to high risk. Therefore, commercial banks take risks into account when setting up the cost of loans. High rates on loans are unaffordable for the majority of small and medium-sized agricultural businesses, thus complicating the finance of agricultural producers’ operations. Agricultural enterprises demonstrate a rather low profitability, thus impeding the performance of lending principles, such as repayment, timeliness, serviceability.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Social and Economic Factors on the Level of Crime as a Threat to Russia’s National Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Albina Khalikova ◽  
Ekaterina Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Criminality is one of the most serious, socially significant problems. Such a negative phenomenon can hinder the social and economic development of the state, hinder the development of state’s favorable image in the world and threaten its national security. In order to avoid such consequences, it is urgent to identify and research the determinants that affect the spread of crime countrywide. The paper is devoted to the determination of the relationship of the crime rate in Russia with the set of social and economic indicators. The relevance of the research is connected with the increased variability of criminality and its constituent elements. The analysis is based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service in 72 Russian regions for the period from 2015 to 2018. With the help of the correlation and regression analysis, it has been found that up to 42% of the variation in the indicator, i.e. the number of registered crimes per 100,000 people of the population, is explained by the factors that characterize the social and economic development and the well-being of society: the state of labor market, housing provision and level of urbanization. The obtained results are faithful to the original data, since the regressor coefficients are statistically significant, and the relationships do not contradict the economic logic. The data processing was made by means of the Gretl software package. It is concluded that a significant impact on the crime rate in Russia over the past 4 years had such factors as unemployment rate, total area of residential premises per inhabitant in average, and share of the urban population in the total population of the region.

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