scholarly journals Phenological traits of red amaranth varieties with a high content of amaranthine cultivated in open fields of Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yurievna Platonova ◽  
Carlos Javier Torres Mino ◽  
Ekaterina Muratovna Gins ◽  
Murat Sabirovich Gins ◽  
Elena Valerievna Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Open Fields

The article focuses on phenological features of amaranth varieties grown in open fields as a reaction to variability of weather conditions in the Moscow region. Amaranthine is one of the promising compounds found in red-colored amaranths. It refers to a class of betalain pigments. The study revealed growth stages defined by the highest content of amarantine per plant and analyzed accumulation of the pigment in amaranth leaves and inflorescences. Phenological observations of introduced plant species under new conditions are important and determine their resistance to adverse environmental factors, ability to produce high quality fruits and seeds, and potential for cultivation. During the introduction of new amaranth varieties, the most adapted forms were selected for the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation in 2013-2016. The studied Russian and Ecuador varieties were divided into 4 groups depending on the growth period (from germination to seed maturity). Analysis of phenological traits of plants confirmed that period of amaranth development did not depend on the variety, except the fourth stage of late-ripening cultivars - Don Pedro and Eku 17020, dependent on weather conditions. Being dependent on weather conditions, the vegetative growth period turned to be the most stable. Late cv. Eku 17020 did not form mature seeds in open ground conditions, which is explained by its origin (Ecuador). In the present study we identified growth stages when plant raw materials had the highest dye content in red-leaved amaranth varieties (Valentina, Don Pedro and Fakel). We also considered the perspective of cultivation of green-leaved varieties with red inflorescences - Pamyati Kovasa and Eku-17020 - as sources of biologically valuable compounds in the Moscow region.

scholarly journals Rexy is a new medium-ripe variety of table carrots

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
М.А. Косенко ◽  
А.Н. Ховрин
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Commercial Yield

Сдерживающие факторы производства моркови в России – недостаток увлажнения, экстремальный температурный режим, поражаемость альтернариозом. Основное промышленное производство корнеплодных культур сосредоточено в Центральном, Южном и Приволжском федеральных округах, в которых выращивают около 70% валового сбора. Лидерами по объему производства моркови в 2018 году стали Волгоградская, Московская, Новгородская, Самарская области и Краснодарский край. Из года в год увеличивается потребление моркови и соответственно возрастает ее производство. Санкции дали российским производителям возможность заменить качественный импортный продукт на отечественный, и мы должны этим воспользоваться. Цель работы: оценить потенциал нового сорта моркови столовой Рекси отечественной селекции, отвечающего современным требованиям товарного производства. Исследования проводили в условиях открытого грунта в селекционном севообороте Агрофирмы «Поиск» (Московская область) в 2019–2020 годах. Новый перспективный сорт моркови столовой Рекси выведен и испытан в Московской, Ивановской, Рязанской и Смоленской областях. Среднеспелый. Розетка листьев полупрямостоячая. Лист длинный, зеленый, крупнорассеченный. Корнеплод короткий, конический со слабым сбегом и слегка заостренным основанием (сортотип Шантенэ). Сердцевина и кора оранжевые. Масса корнеплода – 152–201 г. Содержание сухого вещества – 11,5%, общего сахара – 7,2%, каротина – до 18,9 мг на 100 г сырого вещества. Сорт проходил производственные испытания в крупнейшем овощеводческом товарном хозяйстве ЗАО «Куликово» (Дмитровский район Московской области) на площади 10 га. В условиях овощного севооборота у сорта отмечена высокая товарная урожайность на раннюю продукцию – 56 т/га. Выход товарной продукции – 90,4%. В результате испытаний 2019–2020 годов на четырех госсортоучастках РФ выявлено, что средняя урожайность сорта за два года составила 71,93 т/га. Наибольшие показатели урожайности сорта Рекси отмечены в Рязанской и Московской областях. Доля стандартной продукции в среднем по областям составила 86,2%, наибольший показатель отмечен в Московской области – 95,7%. Constraining factors of production of carrots in Russia are: lack of moisture, extreme temperature conditions, morbidity of alternariosis. The main industrial production of root crops is concentrated in the Central, Southern and Volga Federal Districts, where about 70% of the gross harvest is grown. The leaders in terms of carrot production in 2018 were the Volgograd, Moscow, Novgorod, Samara regions and the Krasnodar Territory. The consumption of carrots is growing from year to year, and production is growing accordingly. The sanctions have given Russian manufacturers the opportunity to replace a high-quality imported product with a domestic one, and we must take advantage of this. The purpose of the work: to assess the potential of a new variety of table carrot Rexy of domestic selection that meets the modern requirements of commodity production. The research was carried out in open ground conditions in the selection crop rotation of the Poisk agrofirm (Moscow region) in 2019–2020. A new promising variety of Rexy carrots has been bred and tested in the Moscow, Ivanovo, Ryazan and Smolensk regions. Medium-ripened. The rosette of the leaves is semi-erect. The leaf is long, green, coarsely dissected. The root crop is short, conical with a weak shoot and a slightly pointed base (Chantenay variety type). The core and bark are orange. The weight of the root crop is 152–201 g. The content of dry matter is 11.5%, total sugar – 7.2%, carotene up to 18.9 mg per 100 g of raw matter. He passed production tests in the largest vegetable-growing commodity farm of CJSC Kulikovo (Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region) on an area of 10 hectares. In the conditions of vegetable crop rotation, the variety has a high commercial yield for early products – 56 t/ha. The yield of marketable products is 90.4%. As a result of tests in 2019–2020 at four state-owned agricultural sites of the Russian Federation, it was revealed that the average yield of the variety for two years was 71.93 t/ha. The highest productivity indicators of the Rexy variety were noted in the Ryazan and Moscow regions. The share of standard products on average in the regions was 86.2%, the highest figure was recorded in the Moscow region – 95.7%.

scholarly journals Элементоорганические регуляторы роста нового поколения на чесноке

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Polyakov ◽  
S.V. Loginov ◽  
T.V. Alekseeva ◽  
P.A. Storozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
New Generation

Целью исследования было определение эффективности применения элементоорганических регуляторов роста нового поколения при возделывании чеснока (Allium sativum L.). Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО, в условиях открытого грунта в период 20182019 годов. Почва опытного участка супесчаная, содержание гумуса в ней составляет 3,413,44. Реакция среды нейтральная рНKCl 6,7. Степень обеспеченности питательными веществами: фосфором высокая (содержание P2O5 в слое 020 см составляет 22,7824,62 мг на 100 г почвы (по Чирикову) калием низкая, содержание К2О в слое 20 см 10,3817,88 мг на 100 г почвы (по Масловой). Для улучшения минерального питания растений в почву вносили калий хлористый в дозе 50 г/м2. В период вегетации растений использовали подкормки: первую, в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев аммиачной селитрой в дозе 30 г/м2, вторую, через две недели после первой нитроаммофоской 30 г/м2, третью, через две недели после второй сульфатом калия 50 г/м2. Погодные условия в целом были благоприятными для выращивания чеснока. Полив растений проводили по мере подсыхания верхнего слоя почвы. Материалом для исследования являлся чеснок озимый сорта Гладиатор. Схема опыта предполагала трехкратную обработку растений, полученных из воздушных луковичек, препаратами: Лостор в концентрации 0,10,10,1, Энергия М 0,010,010,01, Силиплант 0,30,20,3, Циркон 0,0250,010,01. Обработку растений, проводили путем опрыскивания в период вегетации. Обработку растений, полученных из зубков, препаратами: Боратран в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком в концентрации 0,015 Герматранол в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком в концентрации 0,015, Лостор в концентрации 0,01, растворенных в 1 растворе ДМСО. Установлено, что при обработке растений препаратом Лостор урожайность однозубковых луковиц повысилась на 24,6 по сравнению с контролем, а при использовании препарата Энергия М на 15,9, что обусловлено лучшей выживаемостью растений. При обработке растений растворами: Боратрана в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком, Герматранола в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком, Лостора, масса луковиц, в зависимости от варианта, превышала контроль на 11,512,6, а урожайность на 12,117,7. Доля пораженных луковиц составила от 0,8 до 1,3.The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effectiveness of the use of organic element growth regulators of the new generation under cultivation of garlic (Allium sativum L.). The investigation was carried out in ARRIVG-branch of the Federal state budgetary Institute, in open ground conditions in the period 20172019. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam, the humus content in it was 3.413.44. The reaction of soil solution was neutral- рНKCl 6,7. The degree of nutrient availability: phosphorus was high (P2O5 content in the 020 cm layer was 22.7824.62 mg per 100 g of soil (according to Chirikov) potassium low, the content of K2O in a layer of 20 cm-10.3817.88 mg per 100 g of soil (according to Maslowa). To improve mineral nutrition of plants in the soil potassium chloride was added at a dose of 50 g/m2. During the vegetation period of plants supplements were used: first, in the early phase of intensive growth of leaves by ammonium nitrate 30 g/m2, the second, 2 weeks after the first by complex fertilizer Nitroammophoska and the third by potassium sulphate 50 g/m2. Weather conditions were generally favorable for growing garlic. Watering of plants was carried out as the top layer of soil dried. As plant material for the investigation it was used winter garlic of Gladiator cultivar. The scheme of the experiment assumed three-time treatment of plants with preparation: Lostor in a concentration of 0.10.10.1, Energy M 0.010.010.01, Siliplant 0,30,20,3, Zircon 0,0250,010,01. Treatment of plants was carried out by spraying during the growing season. Treatment of plants was carried out by Boratran in combination with Krezatsin and Asiac at a concentration of 0.015, Germatranol in combination with Krezatsin and Asiac at a concentration of 0.015, Lostor at a concentration of 0.01 dissolved in 1 solution of DMSO. It was found that treatment of plants with Lostor increased the yield of single-tooth bulbs by 24.6 compared to the control and using Energia M-by 15.9 because of better plant survival. Treatment of plants with Boratran in combination with Cresacin and Asyak, Germatranol in combination with Cresacin and Asyak, Lostor increased the weight of bulbs by 11.512.6 and the yield by 12.117.7. The percentage of affected bulbs ranged from 0.8 to 1.3

Winter resistance of plants Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Bent.) Voss in introduction conditions of Kiev

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Швец ◽  
Е.В. Колесниченко
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
National University ◽  
Ground Conditions

Вид Darmera peltata (Torr. еx Benth.) Voss характеризуется широким ареалом интродукции и культивирования во многих странах Западной и Северной Европы как красивоцветущее и декоративно-лиственное растение. Вид D. peltata имеет высокие показатели декоративности, в частности раннее и продолжительное цветение, многочисленные соцветия со светло-розовыми цветами, большие по форме и размерам листья, сохраняющие свою декоративность до заморозков. Усиленный интерес к этому виду связан с его экологической пластичностью: растения могут одновременно расти на затененных, влажных и переувлажненных участках. Введение в культуру растений D. peltata в г. Киеве сдерживают недостаточные сведения о биологической устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным факторам в течение осеннего, зимнего и весеннего периодов. Исследовалась зимостойкость растений D. peltata в условиях интродукции г. Киева. Изучались особенности культивирования растений в условиях открытого грунта. Объектами исследования служили растения D. peltata коллекционного участка Ботанического сада Национального университета биоресурсов и природопользования Украины. Морозостойкость растений D. peltata определяли методом прямого лабораторного промораживания по уровню повреждения корневища. Исследования проведены в лаборатории отдела физиологии растений Института садоводства НААН Украины согласно методике М.А. Соловьевой. Промораживание корней растений проводили при температуре -5, -8, -12 и -16 °С. Определено, что зимостойкость растений D. peltata обусловлена не только генетическими особенностями, но и состоянием подготовленности растений к зимнему периоду (время окончания роста осенью, условия питания растений в течение вегетационного сезона, поражение болезнями и вредителями). Погодные условия осеннего периода г. Киева характерны постепенным сокращением фотопериода и умеренным снижением температуры воздуха, что благоприятно для успешного перехода растений в состояние покоя и накопления ими питательных веществ. В течение зимнего периода не обнаружено таких явлений, как выпревание, вымокание и выпирание растений D. peltata из почвы. Сильные морозы и перепады температур воздуха не причинили существенных повреждений их корневищам, так как температура почвы в этот период оставалась относительно стабильной, обусловленной наличием снежного покрова. Результаты проведения лабораторного промораживания растений D. peltata свидетельствуют об их высокой, фактически потенциальной морозостойкости. Сделан вывод, что условия г. Киева вполне благоприятны для зимования растения D. peltata в открытом грунте. Species of Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss is characterized by a wide areal of introduction and cultivation in many countries of Western and Northern Europe as a beautiful-flowering and decorative foliage plant. Species of D. peltata has high decorative performance, in particular, early and continuous flowering, numerous florets with light pink flowers, large in shape and size leaves that retain their decorative effect until frost. Enhanced interest by this species associated with its ecological plasticity: the plants can grow in the shade, wet and waterlogged areas at the same time. Introduction in culture plants of D. peltata in Kiev is limited by insufficient information about biological resistance of plants to adverse factors during autumn, winter and spring period. The purpose of work was researching the winter reistance plants of D. peltata in introduction conditions of Kyiv and the provisioning of information according to the features of cultivation of plants in open ground conditions. Winter resistance of D. peltata was studied in Kiev, located in the north of Ukraine. The objects of study were plants of D. peltata of the collection area of Botanical Garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Frost resistance plants of D. peltata was determined by direct laboratory freezing the level of damage to the roots. Researches was made in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine according to the method of M.A. Solovieva. Freezing plant roots was carried out at the temperature of -5, -8, -12 and -16 °C. It was determined that the winter resistance plants of D. peltata depends not only on genetic characteristics but also the state of preparing plant to the winter period (the end time of growth in autumn, the conditions of plant food during the growing season, a defeat diseases and pests). The weather conditions of autumn period in Kiev characterized by a gradual reduction of photoperiod and moderate decreasing of air temperature that is favorable to their successful transition to the resting state, and the accumulation of nutrients. Researching the plants of D. peltata during the winter period is not found out such phenomena as the damping-off, waterlogging and bulging the plants from the soil. Heavy frosts and air temperature changes did not cause significant damage to rhizomes of plant D. peltata, as the soil temperature during this period remained relatively stable due to the presence of snow. The results of the laboratory freezing plants of D. peltata show about the high actual and potential frost resistance. That is why, the conditions of Kiev is quite favorable for wintering plants of D. peltata in the open ground.

Экологическое испытание гибрида огурца F1 Энеж 21 в открытом грунте

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chistyakova ◽  
O.V. Baklanova ◽  
E.L. Makarova ◽  
Yu.V. Bortsova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
West Central ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
The Russian Federation

Приведены результаты испытания нового перспективного партенокарпического гибрида огурца корнишонного типа F1 Энеж 21, созданного селекционерами агрохолдинга «Поиск», в условиях открытого грунта в Северо-Западном, Центральном и Волго-Вятском регионах Российской Федерации: Костромская, Ярославская, Московская, Рязанская, Тульская область и Чувашская Республика. Высокие потенциальные возможности и адаптационные свойства гибрида F1 Энеж 21 наиболее значимо проявляются в Московской области (63,8 т/га), Чувашской Республике (39,4 т/га) и Рязанской области (31,2 т/га).The article presents the results of testing a new promising parthenocarpic pickling cucumber hybrid F1 Enezh 21, selected by the breedrs of the Agricultural holding «Poisk» in conditions of open ground in the North-West, Central and Volga-Vyatka regions of the Russian Federation: Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula regions and the Chuvash Republic. The high potential and adaptation characteristic of the F1 Enezh 21 hybrid are most significantly presented in condition of the Moscow region (63.8 t / ha), the Chuvash Republic (39.4 t / ha) and the Ryazan region (31.2 t / ha).

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

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